Brave New Genome 勇创新基因组 | 标准美音

VOM 国际医声
2015-07-25原文

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Brave New Genome

A Perspective article by Eric Lander, from the Broad Institute

of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Genome editing （ 基 因 组 编 辑 ） holds great therapeutic

promise. To treat HIV infection, physicians might edit
apatient's immune cells to delete the CCR5 gene, conferring
the resistance to HIV carried by the 1% of the U.S. population
lacking functional copies of this gene. To treat progressive
blindness （渐进性失明）caused by dominant （显性） forms
of retinitis pigmentosa （ 视 网 膜 色 素 变 性 ） ,they might
inactivate the mutant （突变型） allele （等位基因）in retinal
cells.

These goals will require overcoming serious technical

challenges such as avoiding “off-target” （偏离目标的） edits
elsewhere in the genome, which might give rise to cancer.
However, the technology also raises a more troubling
possibility: creating children carrying permanent, heritable
changes to the human germline DNA. The press has dubbed
such brave new progeny“designer babies” （ 品 牌 婴 孩 ） or
“genetically modified humans.”（转基因人）

The task now is to develop a clear framework for evaluating

human germline editing.

In this article, the author offers a starting point, focusing on

four key issues.

The first is technical: whether genome editing can be

performed with sufficient precision （ 精 确 度 ） to permit
scientists to responsibly contemplate creating genetically
modified babies.

The second issue is whether there are compelling

（非常强烈的） medical needs that outweigh the risks — both
from inaccurate editing and from unanticipated effects of the
intended edits.

The third key issue is who has the right todecide.

The final issue concerns morality （伦理道德）— what's right

and wrong and how we ought to live as a society.

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Copyright statement: The audio originates from NEJM.org; the text is

prepared by "Voice of Medicine(VOM)" work group.
音 频 和 英 文 文 字 源 自 NEJM.org 网 站 ，
由“国际医声”工作组编辑并添加中文注释。未经允许不得转载。
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