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(I-TYPE MUNA ITEZ MGA SIIIZ SA MAY FIRST PART, SUNOD SA INTRO)
Ano ang Climate Change?
Ang climate change ay ano mang pagbabago ng klima sa loob ng maraming
taon bunga ng mga pangyayari sa kalikasan o dulot ng mga aktibidades ng katauhan
(IPCC, 2007).
Ang pagbabago ay inaabot ng isang dekada o higit pa. Ito ay maaaring
resulta ng pagbabago ng enerhiya ng araw, o pagputok ng bulkan. Maaaring resulta
rin ito ng natural na proseso sa sistema ng klima tulad ng pagputok ng mga bulkan
at malakihang pagbabago sa sirkulasyon ng karagatan, at ng mga gawain ng tao
tulad ng paggamit ng fossil fuel at gawain sa agrikultura.
Samantala, ang global warming ay abnormal na pag-init ng karaniwang
temperatura sa mundo, na nagiging dahilan ng climate change.

Ano-ano ang dahilan ng Climate Change? (SASABIHIN NI ALELIE AT TRISHA

NG SABAY)
(TRISHA DITO SA GREEN)
Bukod sa mga pagbabago sa ating atmosphere at sa mga natural na dahilan,
maraming mga Gawain ng tao ang isa sa pangunahing epekto nito. Ang mga gawain
ng tao katulad ng pagsunog ng fossil fuel, naiibang paggamit sa lupa,
paghahayupan, at paggamit ng pataba at irigasyon sa agrikultura ay nagreresulta sa
pagdami ng greenhouse gases (GHG,) tulad ng carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane
(CH4), at nitrous oxide (N2 O). Pinalalakas ng mga ito ang greenhouse effect at lalo
pang nagpapainit sa mundo.

(ALELIE HERE)
Dahil sa mabilisang paglago ng mga gawaing pang-ekonomiya at pang-
industriya mula noong ika-18 siglo, sobra-sobra na ang paggamit ng enerhiya at
likas na yaman. Mula sa kalagitnaan ng ika-18 siglo, nagkalat ang bilyun-bilyong
tonelada ng CO2 sa kalangitan mula sa paggamit ng fossil fuel at paggawa ng
semento. Bago ang industrial revolution, ang antas ng CO2 sa himpapawid ay 280
parts per million (ppm) lamang. Noong Enero 2016, umabot na ito sa 402 ppm-
tumaas nang 44%. Ang mga bansang Amerika at Tsina ang pinakamalakas
magbuga ng mga GHG.
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Sino-sino ang apektado ng Climate Change? (ALELIE)

Mahirap o mayaman – lahat apektado ng pagbabago ng panahon. Ngunit
mas apektdo ka ng Climate change kung; ang hanapbuhay ay direktang nakasalalat
sa likas na yaman gaya ng pangingisda at pagsasaka, lalo na din kung hindi sapat
ang iyong kakayahan na tumugon para sa pagbabago, at kung kulang ang iyong
kaalaman tungkol sa climate change.

(LAST PART NA ITEZ, I-TYPE NALANG DIN ULIT PARANG KAY ALEX G. YUNG
SA INTRO HAHAHAHA)
Paano mababawasan ang epekto ng Climate change? (GAWAN PALA NG
ENGLISH VERSION NITO MGA SIZZZZ) ITONG PART LANG NA PAANO
KEMERLO
TAPOS MGA DZAI ISASABI NATING LAHAT YUNG TITLE NIYA NA PAANO
MABABAWASAN KEME
Nararapat lamang na gawing tama ang pagtatapon ng basura at sundin ang
mga patakarang naaayon sa solid waste management na ipinatutupad ng
pamahalaan. Gawing gabay ang; Reduce – bawasan ang pagkonsumo ng mga
plastic at iba pang bagay na nakakasira sa ating kalikasan, Re-use – paggamit ulit
ng mga bagay na pwede pang gamtin kesa sa pagtapon ito, Recycle –
pakinabangan ang mga ito sa ibang anyo, halimbawa ang paggawa ng bag gamit
ang pinag-inuman ng juice, o di kaya’y pagtamnan ng halaman ang mga botelyang
plastic, at ang huli ay ang Reduce conversation – na kung saan dapat na tayo’y
magtipid sa paggamit n pinagkukunang yaman.
Tayo’y pwede ring makipagtulungan sa pagsasaayos ng mga kanal at
karaniwang daan ng tubig. Hiwag magputol ng puno at narapat na makiisa sa mga
isinasagawang tree planting sa inyong lugar, at makiisa sa mga sa inyong lugar na
nakatuon sa pagpapanatili ng kalinisan ng kapaligiran.
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ITONG TATLO NA COLORFUL EH VOICE LANG MUNA.

STEPH
LEI
DON
Global warming not only causes a change in average temperature and
precipitation but also increases the frequency of floods, droughts, heat waves, and
the intensity of typhoons and hurricanes following the change in temperature and
precipitation patterns. The impacts of climate change are also shown in various other
forms throughout the world, including the rise of sea level, decrease in glaciers,
northward movement of plant habitats, changes in animal habitats, rise of ocean
temperature, shortened winter and early arrival of spring.

As our climate continues to heat up and the impacts of that warming grow
more frequent and severe, farmers and farm communities around the world will be
increasingly challenged. And US farmers won’t be spared the damage that climate
change is already beginning to inflict.

XYRUZ
JASMINE
Agriculture is a major source of GHGs which contribute to the greenhouse
effect and climate change. However, the changing climate is having far reaching
impacts on agricultural production, which are likely to challenge food security in the
future.

Climate change is likely to contribute substantially to food insecurity in the future,

by increasing food prices, and reducing food production. Food may become more
expensive as climate change mitigation efforts increase energy prices. Water
required for food production may become scarcer due to increased crop water use
and drought. Competition for land may increase as certain areas become climatically
unsuitable for production. In addition, extreme weather events, associated with
climate change may cause sudden reductions in agricultural productivity, leading to
rapid price increases. For example, heat waves in the summer of 2010 led to yield
losses in key production areas including: Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, and
contributed to a dramatic increase in the price of staple foods. These rising prices
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forced growing numbers of local people into poverty, providing a sobering

demonstration of how the influence of climate change can result in food insecurity.

Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take
place on a global scale. Climate change affects farming in a number of ways,
including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes
(e.g. heat waves), changes in pests and diseases, changes in atmospheric carbon
dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations, changes in the nutritional quality of
some foods and changes in sea level.

Climate change is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly

distributed across the world. Future climate change will likely negatively affect crop
production in low latitude countries, while effects in northern latitudes may be
positive or negative. Climate change will probably increase the risk of food
insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor.
MODELLED PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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DON
The accelerating pace of climate change, combined with global population
and income growth, threatens food security everywhere. Agriculture is extremely
vulnerable to climate change. Higher temperatures eventually reduce yields of
desirable crops while encouraging weed and pest proliferation. Pests management
become less effective, meaning that higher rates of pesticides will be necessary to
achieve the same levels of control. Heat waves can cause extreme heat stress in
crops, which can limit yields if they occur during certain times of the plants' life-
cycle (pollination, pod or fruit set). Also, heat waves can result in wilted plants (due
to elevated transpiration rates) which can cause yield loss if not counteracted by
irrigation. Heavy rains that often result in flooding can also be detrimental to crops
and to soil structure. Most plants cannot survive in prolonged waterlogged
conditions because the roots need to breathe. The overall impacts of climate change
on farming are expected to be negative, threatening global food security.

PRINCESS LEI
Changes in climate may also impact the water availability and water needs
for farming. If temperature increases and more sporadic rainfall events result from
global warming, it is possible that irrigation needs could increase in the future. In
anticipation of these changes, plant breeders are currently working to develop new
varieties of crops that are considered to be drought tolerant, and more adaptable to
varying levels of temperature and moisture.
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XYRUZ
Figure 3: Figure SPM.7 | Maps of CMIP5 multi-model mean results for the scenarios
RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 in 2081–2100 of (a) annual mean surface temperature change, (b)
average percent change in annual mean precipitation.
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SOME EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AGRICULTURE – I-TYPE ITUU

1. INCREASED FREQUENCY OF WEATHER EXTERMES SUCH AS STROMS,

FLOODS, DROUGHTS) – PRINCESS LEI
2. LOSS OF BIODIVERSUTY IN FRAGILE ENVIRONMENTS/ TROPICAL FORESTS –
JASMINE
3. LOSS OF FERTILE COASTAL LANDS CAUSED BY RISING SEA LEVELS - DON
4. LONGER GROWING SEASONS IN COOL AREAS – TRISHA
5. INCREASE IN INCIDENCE IF PESTS AND VECTOR-BRONE DISEASES – ALELIE
6. MORE UNPREDICTABLE FARMING CONDITIONS IN TROPICAL AREAS –
STEPH
7. DRAMATIC CHANGES IN DISTRIBUTION AND WUANTITIES OF FISH AND
SEAS FOODS – XYRUZ

LONG TERM FLCUTUATIONS IN WEATHER PATTERNS COULD HAVE

ENTREME IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, SLASHING COPY
YIELDS AND FORCING FARMERS TO ADOPT NEW AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
IN RESPINSE TO ALTERED CONDITIONS. – TYPE DIN POOO
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STEPH
The agricultural sector in the Philippines plays an integral role in both the economy of the country and social
livelihoods of the people. Approximately 10.9 million Filipinos were employed in the agricultural sector as of 2018,
accounting for 26% of national employment (Teves) and providing around 10% of the Philippines’ Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). Even without direct participation in the agricultural sector, each individual’s actions have an indirect
effect on the success of this sector. With that, the most important by far, are our actions that contribute to climate change.

Climate change disrupts food availability, access to food and food quality through the increased variability of
weather. Located on the equator, the Philippines has a tropical marine climate. Thus, there are two distinct seasons: wet
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and dry. The dry season is normally from November to May, which are considered the warmest time of the year, while
the wet season is from June to October. Naturally, the wet season is when there is the most rainfall. Additionally,
typhoons are relatively common during this time. Despite the frequency of natural hazards, farmers rely on the
consistency of this pattern to know the optimum time to plant in order to achieve the greatest harvest. As a result of
climate change, local weather patterns have changed significantly, making it increasingly more difficult for farmers to
know when to plant their crops.

ALELIE, TRISHA

In recent years the dry season has been longer than ever before. It begins earlier in the year and ends later. This
increases the risk of drought. This risk directly affects the amount of water available for irrigation and domestic use as the
scarcity of water will cause prices to increase. Increasing prices will make it more difficult for farmers with already low
incomes to obtain water for their crops. Furthermore, as most of the country’s major agricultural crops are rain-fed, the
lack of rain will limit the variety of crops available for farmers to grow. An example of some of these crops is; rice,
coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, and mangoes. As a result, farmers must adapt to these changes by either
switching to more drought-resistant crops or use pesticides, both of which may be more costly and time-consuming for
the farmer. If they are unable to adapt, they risk losing their income as droughts will most likely reduce their crop yields.
A reduction in crop yields will not only affect farmers but non-farmers as well. If farmers are unable to grow certain
produce due to drought, it decreases the availability of that produce. Therefore, it will no longer be sold in supermarkets
or it will be imported and sold at higher prices.
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PRINCESS LEI, JASMINE, STEPH, TRISHA, ALELIE, XYRUZ, DON

On the other hand, the wet season is becoming shorter but during that short amount of time come more frequent
and intense typhoons. Currently, the location of the Philippines makes it highly susceptible to natural hazards such as
typhoons and flooding which is amplified with climate change. The Global Climate Risk Index, has listed the Philippines
as one of the most affected countries from climate change due to its location. Typhoons are formed when water vapor and
heat from the warm ocean transfers to the overlying air primarily by evaporation from the sea surface. As the warm,
moist air rises, it cools while releasing latent heat which causes the atmospheric pressure in the center to be lower. The
decreasing pressure causes the surface winds to increase, which in turn increases the vapor and heat transfer and
contribute to the further rising air. This cycle continues until the typhoon can no longer extract sufficient energy from the
warm ocean water. The ocean directly absorbs heat energy from the atmosphere which is what makes the water warmer.
With the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, more heat energy is being trapped in our atmosphere. Therefore, there is
more heat for the ocean to absorb which creates more frequent and intense typhoons. Although many of the crops grown
here in the Philippines rely on a significant amount of rainfall, typhoons increase the likelihood of flooding, which
damages crop yields and causes soil erosion. Excessive flooding suffocates crop roots because soil pores become
saturated, meaning there is less space for oxygen which is a necessary nutrient needed by the roots in order to survive.
Furthermore, once the soil is completely saturated, meaning it is unable to absorb any more water, the precipitation
becomes run-off. This run-off will then cause soil erosion as it breaks down the top-soil, dispersing the nutrients it is
made of and transports it to other areas. As a result, the land becomes less productive for agriculture. A strong enough
typhoon has the ability to wipe out entire crop fields which would be detrimental to a farmer as that is their source of
income. Not to mention, long-term consequences such as soil erosion will make it even more difficult to plant crops in the
future.
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Agriculture is needed for our survival, and in an ever-growing population, there will be more people to feed than
ever. In the Philippines alone, 95 children die from malnutrition every day (UNICEF). Despite the importance of
agriculture, we tend to overlook the bigger picture of long-term consequences and the need for more sustainable practices
and focus on what to buy in the next supermarket trip. As a result, the environment suffers. Since agriculture is almost
completely dependent on the environment, climate change will only continue to threaten agricultural practices.
Techniques that have been passed down from generation to generation that farmers spend their whole life perfecting will
no longer be applicable to the changing environment we are living in right now. Farmers will only be able to adapt and
mitigate these changes so much before the land is completely compromised. If that happens, the impoverished population
will suffer the most. Already, 20% of the population is living in extreme poverty (Guido), meaning they don’t have
enough income to provide for basic needs such as; food, sanitation, and shelter. As food availability worsens, prices will
continue to increase which will make it even more difficult for these communities to meet basic food needs. If climate
change continues as it has been the past years, the effect will only get worse and it can be assumed that these statistics will
only increase.