Periods of Development
of natural methods Through exclusive breastfeeding of
 Prenatal Development
 Infancy and Toddlerhood
(birth – 2)
 Early Childhood (3-5)
 Middle and Late Childhood
(6-12)
 Adolescence (13-18)
 Early Adulthood (19-29)
 Middle Adulthood (30-60)
 Late Adulthood or Death and
Dying (61 and above)
Freud’s Structure of the Human Mind
The Superego (It’s not right to do
that)
The id, the most primitive of the three
structures, is concerned with instant
gratification of basic physical needs
and urges. It operates entirely
unconsciously (outside of conscious
thought).
The Superego (It’s not right to do
that)
The superego  is concerned with social
rules and morals—similar to what
many people call their ” conscience ”
or their “moral compass.” It develops
as a child learns what their culture
considers right and wrong.  and the mucus inspection methods.
The Ego (Maybe we can compromise)
It is the rational, pragmatic part of our
personality. It is less primitive than
the id and is partly conscious and
partly unconscious. It’s what Freud
considered to be the “self,” and its job
is to balance the demands of the id
and superego in the practical context
of reality.  control method with ideally 0% fail
KINDS OF CONTRACEPTION
Natural methods of birth control, or
natural family planning, are a type of
birth control that relies on
observations about the woman's body
and menstrual cycle.
Advantages of natural methods
include cost savings, lack of
prescriptions or health-care visits, and
avoidance of medications or
procedures.
Disadvantages 
are the fact that they can be difficult
to use correctly and that sexual
intercourse must be avoided at
certain times of the month.
EXAMPLES
Calendar rhythm method
Based upon her 12 previous
menstrual cycles, a woman subtracts
l8 days from her shortest menstrual
cycle to determine her first fertile
day, and 11 days from her longest
menstrual cycle to determine her last
fertile day.
The basal body temperature (BBT)
method is based upon the fact that a
woman's temperature drops 12 to 24
hours before an egg is released from
her ovary and then increases again
once the egg has been released.
The mucus inspection method
depends on the presence or absence
of a particular type of cervical mucus
that a woman produces in response
to estrogen.
The symptothermal method
combines certain aspects of the
calendar, the basal body temperature,
Not only are all these factors taken
into consideration, but also are other
symptoms such as slight cramping and
breast tenderness. 
Abstinence
This natural method involves
abstaining from sexual intercourse
and is the most effective natural birth
rate.
Ovulation Detection
The ovulation detection method is an
over-the-counter kit that can predict
ovulation through the surge of
luteinizing hormone that happens 12
to 24 hours before ovulation.
Lactation Amenorrhea Method
the infant, the woman is able to
suppress ovulation through the
method of lactation amenorrhea
method.Coitus Interruptus
The couple still proceeds with the
coitus, but the man withdraws the
moment he ejaculates to emit the
spermatozoa outside of the vagina.
ARTIFICIAL METHODS
Oral Contraceptives
Also known as the pill, oral
contraceptives contain
synthetic estrogen and progesterone.
Estrogen suppresses the FSH and LH
to suppress ovulation, while
progesterone decreases the
permeability of the cervical mucus to
limit the sperm’s access to the ova.
Transdermal Patch
The transdermal patch has a
combination of both estrogen and
progesterone in a form of a patch.
For three weeks, the woman should
apply one patch every week on the
following areas: upper outer arm,
upper torso, abdomen, or buttocks.
Vaginal Ring
Releases a combination of estrogen
and progesterone and surrounds the
cervix. This silicon ring is inserted
vaginally and remains there for 3
weeks, then removed on the fourth
week as menstrual flow would occur.
Subdermal Implants
The subdermal implants are two rod-
like implants embedded under the
skin of the woman during her menses
or on the 7th day of her menstruation
to make sure that she is not pregnant.
It contains etonogestrel, desogestrel,
and progestin. It is effective for 3 to 5
years.
Hormonal Injections
A hormonal injection consists of
medroxyprogesterone, a others, but because we have no way
progesterone, and given once every
12 weeks intramuscularly. The
injection inhibits ovulation and causes
changes in the endometrium and the
cervical mucus.
Intrauterine Device
An IUD is a small, T-shaped object
that is inserted into the uterus via the
vagina. It prevents fertilization by
creating a local sterile inflammatory
condition to prevent implantation.
The device contains progesterone and
is effective for 5 to 7 years.
Chemical Barriers
Chemical barriers such as
spermicides, vaginal gels and creams,
and glycerin films are also used to
cause the death of sperms before
they can enter the cervix and also
lower the pH level of the vagina so it
will not become conducive for the
sperm. These chemical barriers
cannot prevent sexually transmitted
infections; however, they can be
bought without any prescription.
Diaphragm
A diaphragm works by inhibiting the
entrance of the sperm into the vagina.
It is a circular, rubber disk that fits the
cervix and should be placed before
coitus.
The cervical cap is another barrier
method that is made of soft rubber
and fitted on the rim of the cervix. It is
shaped like a thimble with a thin rim,
and could stay in place for not more
than 48 hours.
Male Condoms
The male condom is a latex or
synthetic rubber sheath that is placed
on the erect penis before vaginal
penetration to trap the sperm during
ejaculation. It can prevent STIs and
can be bought over-the-counter
without any fitting needed.
Female Condoms
These are also latex rubber sheaths
that are specially designed for
females and prelubricated with
spermicide. It has an inner ring that
covers the cervix and an outer, open
ring that is placed against the vaginal
opening.
Surgical Methods
Vasectomy
Males undergo vasectomy, which is
executed through a small incision
made on each side of the scrotum.
The vas deferens is then tied,
cauterized, cut, or plugged to block
the passage of the sperm.
Tubal Ligation
In women, tubal ligation is performed
by occluding the fallopian tubes
through cutting, cauterizing, or
blocking to inhibit the passage of the
both the sperm and the ova.
SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY
Social comparison theory states that
individuals determine their own social
and personal worth based on how
they stack up against others. People
sometimes compare themselves to
others as a way of fostering self-
improvement, self-motivation, and a
positive self-image. As a result,
humans constantly evaluate
themselves, and others, across
domains such as attractiveness,
wealth, intelligence, and success.
The Self Theory emphasizes on the
set of perceptions an individual has
for himself and the perceptions of the
relationships he has with others and
the other aspects of life. Carl Rogers
has contributed significantly towards
the self theory.
REAL SELF AND IDEAL SELF
The real self is who we actually are. It
is how we think, how we feel, look,
and act. The real self can be seen by
of truly knowing how others view us,
the real self is our self-image.
The ideal self, on the other hand, is
how we want to be. It is an idealized
image that we have developed over
time, based on what we have learned
and experienced. The ideal self could
include components of what our
parents have taught us, what we
admire in others, what our society
promotes, and what we think is in our
best interest.
REAL SELF VS FALSE SELF
Authentic Self:
 Thoughts, beliefs, words, and
actions come from a deep-
seated place within
 Lack of disparity between
values and lived values
 Unique combination of your
vast multitude of talents,
skills, interests, and abilities
False Self:
 Putting on a facade with
others may result in an
internal sensation of being
depleted, drained, or
emotionally numb
 Possible tendencies to turn
to mood-altering substances
in order to feel “different”
 Actions may feel forced,
alienated, or detached
GLAND RESPONSIBLE FOR PIMPLES
Some of the hormones responsible
for acne are called androgens,
including testosterone, which have a
more male hormone affect causing
oily skin, skin inflammation, clogged
hair follicles, which all lead to acne
SCHEMA
A schema is a cognitive framework or
concept that helps organize and
interpret information.
Person schemas are focused on
specific individuals. For example, your
schema for your friend might include
information about her appearance,
her behaviors, her personality, and
her preferences.
Social schemas include general
knowledge about how people behave
in certain social situations.
Self-schemas are focused on your
knowledge about yourself. This can
include both what you know about
your current self as well as ideas
about your idealized or future self.
Event schemas are focused on
patterns of behavior that should be
followed for certain events. This acts
much like a script informing you of
what you should do, how you should
act, and what you should say in a
particular situation.
CONCEPTS ABOUT SELF
SOCRATES (know thyself)
One's true self, according to Socrates,
is not to be identified with what we
own, with our social status, our
reputation, or even with our body.
Instead, Socrates famously
maintained that our true self is our
soul.
PLATO
the true self of human beings is the
reason or the intellect that
constitutes their soul and that is
separable from their body.
RENE DESCARTES (i think therefore i
am)
Descartes believed the mind is the
seat of our consciousness. Because it
houses our drives, intellect, and
passions, it gives us our identity and
our sense of self.
THOMAS AQUINAS
concept of the “self” was that we
don't encounter ourselves as isolated
minds or selves but rather always as
agents interacting with our
environment. And that our self-
knowledge is dependent on our
experience of the world around us.
BASIC TEACHINGS
Buddhism is a religion that is based
on the teachings of Siddhartha
Gautama. The main principles of this
belief system are karma,
reincarnation, and impermanence.
Buddhists believe that life is full of
suffering, but that suffering can be
overcome by attaining enlightenment.
Nirvana (a state of perfect happiness)
can be obtained by breaking away
from (material) attachments and
purifying the mind. However,
different doctrines vary on the
practices and paths followed in order
to do so. Meditation serves as a
significant part in practicing
Buddhism. This calming and working
of the mind helps Buddhists strive to
become more peaceful and positive,
while developing wisdom through
solving everyday problems. The
negative mental states that are
sought to be overcome are called
"delusions", while the positive mental
states are called "virtuous minds".
Another concept prominent in the
Buddhist belief system is the Eight-
Fold Path. The Eight-Fold Path is the
fourth of the Four Noble Truths,
which is said to be the first of all
Buddha's teachings. It stresses areas
in life that can be explored and
practice, such as right speech and
right intention.
CONFUCIANISM
Main concepts of this philosophy
include Ru (humaneness),
righteousness, propriety/etiquette,
loyalty, and filial piety, along with a
strict adherence to social roles. This is
illustrated through the five main
relationships Confucius interpreted to
be the core of society: ruler-subject,
father-son, husband-wife, elder
brother-younger brother, and friend-
friend. In these bonds, the latter must
pay respect to and serve the former,
while the former is bound to care for
the latter.
TAOISM, OR DAOISM, is a philosophy
centered on the belief that life is
normally happy, but should be lived
with balance and virtue. Its origin can
be traced back to the late 4th century
B.C and the main thinkers
representative of this teaching are
Laozi and Zhuangzi. Key components
of Daoism are Dao (the Way) and
immortality, along with a stress on
balance found throughout nature.
There is less emphasis on extremes
and instead focuses on the
interdependence between things. For
example, the yin/yang symbol does
not exemplify good or evil. It shows
that there are two sides to everything
-"Within the Yang there exists the Yin
and vice versa."
ISLAM
The Five Pillars are the core beliefs
and practices of Islam:
Profession of Faith (shahada). The
belief that "There is no god but God,
and Muhammad is the Messenger of
God" is central to Islam.
Prayer (salat). Muslims pray facing
Mecca five times a day: at dawn,
noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and
after dark.
Alms (zakat). In accordance with
Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed
portion of their income to community
members in need.
Fasting (sawm). During the daylight
hours of Ramadan, the ninth month
of the Islamic calendar, all healthy
adult Muslims are required to abstain
from food and drink. Through this
temporary deprivation, they renew
their awareness of and gratitude for
everything God has provided in their
lives—including the Qur'an, which
was first revealed during this month. 
Pilgrimage (hajj). Every Muslim
whose health and finances permit it
must make at least one visit to the
holy city of Mecca, in present-day
Saudi Arabia.
HINDUISM
Prominent themes in Hindu
beliefs include (but are not restricted
to) Dharma (ethics/duties), Samsāra
(the continuing cycle of birth, life,
death and rebirth), Karma (action,
intent and consequences), Moksha
(liberation from samsara or liberation
in this life), and the various Yogas
(paths or practices).