NAME: CAROLINE DIANA WANGUI MWANGI

REG.NO: E107/0654G/18
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

PROGRAMME: BACHELOR OF ARTS IN CRIMINOLOGY, CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY.
UNIT CODE: UCC 202
UNIT TITLE: DEVELOPMENTAL CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
TASK:

(1) DESCRIBE THE THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT AS POSTULATED BY KARL MARX CLEARY

HIGHLIGHTING HIS MAJOR CONTRIBUTION AND WEAKNESSES. (15 MARKS)

(2)EXPLAIN THE MAIN PILLARS OF VISION 2030 ( 5 MARKS)

QUESTON 1
Marxism is the theory of Karl Marx, which says that society’s classes are the cause of struggle and that
the society should have no classes. According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engelshe, political and
economic philosophy in which the concept of class struggle plays a central role in understanding
society’s allegedly inevitable development from the oppression under capitalism to a socialist and
ultimately classless society. Marxism is also a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class
relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a
dialectical view of social transformation.

There are a number of strengths and weaknesses of the Marxism theory. One of the strengths is that the
theory tends to create a system of true equality. It places an emphasis on human rights with its
foundation encompassing equal gender roles, health care and access to education. It also offers benefit
to the society. It considers the community as a whole, which means that it acknowledges as the social
forces involved which included power interests of different groups. Karl Marx also helped with
capitalism. Marxism also helps to reduce the tendency of debt. Under the Marxist philosophy,
communities will be working together to achieve success where all people would come together to
provide each other with the help of the government distributing resources as required. Marxism
protects the right of unions. Rather than exploiting managers, it encourages unions to stand up for
personal rights, creating a system of checks and balances for a maximum production level to be
achieved.

Among the several weaknesses of Marxism, abolition of religion was one of them. One would have the
freedom to have their own faith under Marxism but one would not have the freedom to practice it in a
way that is organized. Marxism has negatively affected the educational system. Marxist education
implements one that is absolutely state controlled and this means that it regard too much importance to
the role of state in education which means that the methodology of teaching and the curriculum would
be determined by the state and it does not allow other agencies in education to have their say. Marxism
does not value the concept of private ownership. Marxism is for the idea that private properties and
businesses should be abolished since when someone is given a place to live as part of a community and
contribute to common good, one will have no private property ownership, which mean that one cannot
have much control over the residence. It also leads to communism, which in turn leads to dictatorship,
and therefore it cannot allow an individual to lead a dangerous society without anybody being
motivated. Marxism also limits opportunities for entrepreneurs since if one has business under Marxism,
they would be working for the government.

REFERENCES

Anderson, P. (2001), consideration on western Marxism. NLB, London.

Karl. M. (1983) the communist manifesto. Penguin London

QUESTION 2
Kenya vision 2030 is the country’s development programme from 2008 to 2030. Its objective is to help
transform Kenya into a newly industrializing, middle-income country providing a high quality life to all
citizens by 2030 in a clean and secure environment. It is developed through an all-inclusive and
participatory stakeholder consultative process involving Kenyans from all part of the country. The vision
is based on three pillars: economic, social and political.

The economic pillar aims at improving the prosperity of all Kenyans through an economic development
programme, covering all the regions of Kenya. They are six key sectors described as being given priority
as they key growth drives for the achievement of economic vision: tourism and mining, manufacturing
for regional market, financial services, increasing value in agriculture and a better and more inclusive
wholesale and retail trade sector. The new administration of Uhuru has rather picked some key
economic deliverables in the vision, which is characterized as the big four, which are, universal health
care, manufacturing affordable housing and food security.

The social pillar aims to build a jut and cohesive society with social equity in a clean and secure
environment. The key sectors include education and training, water and sanitation, the health system
and maternal health, the environment, housing and urbanization, gender, youth and vulnerable groups
and reconciliation.

The political sector aim to realize a democratic political system founded on issue-based politics that
respects the rule of law and protect the right and freedoms of every individual in the Kenyan society. It
hopes to transform Kenya into a state in which equality is entrenched irrespective of one’s race, religion,
ethnicity, and gender and socio economic status. The transformation within Kenya’s political governance
is expected to take place across six strategic initiatives as follows; rule of law, electoral and political
process democracy and public service delivery, transparency and accountability and security,
peacebuilding and conflict management.

REFERENCES
Vision 2030, government of Kenya. Retrieved 18th march 2013