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Contents
1 Prehistoric extinctions
2 Extinct plants by geologic period
o 2.1 Devonian
o 2.2 Carboniferous
o 2.3 Permian
o 2.4 Triassic
o 2.5 Jurassic
o 2.6 Cretaceous
o 2.7 Paleocene
o 2.8 Eocene
o 2.9 Oligocene
o 2.10 Miocene
o 2.11 Pliocene
o 2.12 Pleistocene
3 Modern extinctions
o 3.1 Africa
o 3.2 Americas
o 3.3 Asia
o 3.4 Europe
o 3.5 Oceania
4 Plants extinct in the wild
o 4.1 Africa
o 4.2 Americas
o 4.3 Asia
o 4.4 Europe
o 4.5 Oceania
5 Extinct plant cultivars
6 Plants previously thought extinct and subsequently rediscovered
7 Extinct algae
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Prehistoric extinctions[edit]
Further information: Paleobotany
Cooksonia
Archaefructus
Abies milleri
Dillhoffia
Trochodendron nastae
Araucaria mirabilis
Araucarioxylon arizonicum
Sphenophyllum miravallis
Extinct plants by geologic period[edit]
Devonian[edit]
Archaeopteris
Carboniferous[edit]
Annularia
Sigillaria
Lepidodendron
Calamites
Sphenophyllum
Permian[edit]
Cordaites
Glossopteris
Sphenophyllum
Triassic[edit]
Araucarioxylon[1]
Caytoniales (extinct at the end of the Cretaceous)
Cladophlebis
Zamites
Brachyphyllum
Pleuromeia
Pannaulika
Sphenophyllum
Jurassic[edit]
Araucaria mirabilis[2]
Araucarites sanctaecrucis[2]
Baiera
Coniopteris
Cycadeoidea
Czekanowskia
Eboracia
Equisetum thermale (La Matilde Formation, Argentina)[3]
Gleichenites
Neocalamites
Nilssonia
Pararaucaria patagonica[2]
Pterophyilum
Schmeissneria
Cretaceous[edit]
Archaeamphora (Northeastern China)
Archaeanthus
Archaefructus
Ephedrites
Liaoningocladus
Orontium mackii (Maastrictian?, McRea Formation, North America)[4]
Palaeoaldrovanda (Czech Republic)
Pagiophyllum
Pityocladus
Podozamites
Sagaria (Southern Italy)
Sphenobaiera
Williamsonia
Williamsoniella
Paleocene[edit]
Acer alaskense (Chickaloon Formation, Alaska) [5]
Banksieaeidites (Australia) (species through the Miocene)
Cornus piggae (Almont/Biecegal Creek, North America)[6]
Pinus peregrinus (Golden Valley Formation)[7]
Ginkgo cranei (Sentinel Butte Formation)[8]
Metasequoia foxii (Paskapoo Formation, Alberta)[9]
Montrichardia aquatica (Cerrej�n Formation, Colombia)[10]
Petrocardium (Cerrej�n Formation, Colombia)[10]
Eocene[edit]
Acer castorrivularis (Montana, North America)[5]
Acer clarnoense (John Day Formation, North America)[5]
Acer douglasense (West Foreland Formation, Alaska, North America)[5]
Acer hillsi (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[5]
Acer republicense (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[5]
Acer rousei (Allenby Formation, McAbee Site, British Columbia, North America)[5]
Acer stewarti (Allenby Formation, British Columbia, North America)[5]
Acer stonebergae (Okanagan Highlands, North America)[5]
Acer taurocursum (Bull Run flora, North America)[5]
Acer toradense (Okanagan Highlands, North America)[5]
Acer washingtonense (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[5]
Actinidia oregonensis (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
Azolla primaeva (British Columbia, Canada)[12]
Abies milleri (British Columbia, Canada; Washington, USA)[13]
Banksia archaeocarpa (Australia)[citation needed]
Chamaecyparis eureka (Axel Heiberg Island, Canada)[14]
Corylopsis reedae (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[15]
Cornus clarnensis (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
Coryloides (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
Corylus johnsonii (Washington, USA)[16]
Dillhoffia (British Columbia, Canada; Washington, USA)[17]
Diploporus (Paleocene-Eocene; Sentinel Butte Formation, Clarno Formation)[11]
Eucommia eocenica (Claiborne Formation, southeastern North America)[18]
Eucommia montana (Western North America)[18]
Eucommia jeffersonensis (John Day Formation, Oregon, North America)[18]
Eucommia rolandii (North America)[18]
Fothergilla malloryi (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[15]
Ginkgo dissecta (Ypresian, Okanagan Highlands)[19]
Kardiasperma (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
Langeria magnifica (Okanagan highlands, north America)[20]
Latanites (Italy) [21]
Nelumbo aureavallis (North Dakota, North America)[7]
Neviusia dunthornei (Allenby Formation, North America)[22]
Orontium wolfei (Okanagan Highlands)[4]
Paleopanax (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
Peltandra primaeva (North Dakota, USA)[7]
Pinus driftwoodensis (Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park, British Columbia)[23]
Rhizomnium dentatum (Baltic amber, Europe)[24]
Rhus malloryi (Washington, USA)[20]
Rhus rooseae (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
Sassafras hesperia (Okanogan Highlands)[20]
Saxonipollis ("East Germany")[citation needed]
Stonebergia (British Columbia, Canada) [25]
Taxus masonii (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
Tilia johnsoni (Washington, USA)[20]
Torreya clarnensis (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
Trochodendron drachukii (Okanogan Highlands)[26]
Trochodendron nastae (Washington, USA)[27]
Oligocene[edit]
Acer ashwilli (John Day Formation, Oregon)[5]
Acer chaneyi (Oligocene to Miocene)[5]
Acer dettermani (Late Eocene - Early Oligocene; Meshik Volcanics, Alaska)[5]
Acer ivanofense (Late Eocene - Early Oligocene; Meshick Volcanics, Alaska)[5]
Acer kenaicum (Oligocene; Kenai Group, Alaska)[5]
Banksia novae-zelandiae (South Island, New Zealand) (Straddles the Oligocene-Miocene
boundary)
Miocene[edit]
Acer browni (western North America)[5]
Acer latahense (western North America)[5]
Acer smileyi (Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene; western North America)[5]
Acer traini (western North America)[5]
Carya washingtonensis (Washington State, North America)[28]
Cosmos atrosanguineus
Sophora toromiro
Africa[edit]
St. Helena Roundleaf Gumwood � (Commidendrum rotundifolium) (Saint Helena)
Encephalartos brevifoliolatus (South Africa) [35]
Encephalartos nubimontanus (South Africa) [35]
Encephalartos relictus (Swaziland)
Encephalartos woodii (South Africa)[35]
Erica bolusiae Salter var. cyathiformis (South Africa: Cape Flora)[35]
Erica turgida (South Africa: Cape Flora) [35]
Erica verticillata (South Africa: Cape Flora) [35]
Pleiospilos simulans (South Africa) [35]
Lotus berthelotii (Canary Islands)
St. Helena Redwood � (Trochetiopsis erythroxylon) (Saint Helena)
Americas[edit]
Cosmos atrosanguineus (Mexico)
Csapodya splendens (syn. Deppea splendens) (Mexico)
Root-spine Palm � (Cryosophila williamsii) (Honduras)
Cuban Erythroxylum � (Erythroxylum echinodendron) (Cuba)
Franklin Tree � (Franklinia alatamaha) (Georgia, U.S.)
Laelia gouldiana (Mexico)
Biznaguita � (Mammillaria glochidiata) (Mexico)
Biznaguita � (Mammillaria guillauminiana) (Mexico)
Rio de Janeiro Terminalia � (Terminalia acuminata) (Brazil)
Bastard gumwood (Commidendrum rotundifolium) (St. Helena)
Asia[edit]
India Monocarpic Palm � (Corypha taliera) - (Bengal)
Pallasana Spurge � (Euphorbia mayurnathanii) (India)
Yunnan Malva � (Firmiana major) (Yunnan, China)
Kalimantan Mango � (Mangifera casturi) (Kalimantan, Indonesia)
Sarawak Mango � (Mangifera rubropetala) (Kalimantan & Sumatra)
Kanehira Azalea � (Rhododendron kanehirai) (Taiwan)
Tulipa sprengeri)
Europe[edit]
Oceania[edit]
Cyanea pinnatifida (Hawaiian Is.)
Royal Cyanea Tree � (Cyanea superba) (Hawaiian Is.)
Punaluu Cyanea � (Cyanea truncata) (Hawaiian Is.)
Fuzzyflower Cyrtandra � (Cyrtandra waiolani) (Hawaiian Is.)
Hemiandra rutilans (Australia)
Cooke's Kokia � (Kokia cookei) (Hawaiian Is)
Toromiro � (Sophora toromiro) (Easter Island, Chile)
Extinct plant cultivars[edit]
The 'Ansault' pear
Ansault � pear cultivar
Semper augustus � tulip traded during tulip mania
Taliaferro � apple cultivar
Viceroy � tulip traded during tulip mania
Plants previously thought extinct and subsequently
rediscovered[edit]
See Lazarus species
Badula ovalifolia � from Mauritius. Known in 1830's; collected in 1970 and 1997 but
misidentified (Page and D'Argent 1997, IUCN report)/confirmed identity in 2008
(Florens et al., Kew Bulletin)
Caf� marron (Ramosmania rodriguesii) � rediscovered on Rodrigues in 1979
Jellyfish tree (Medusagyne oppositifolia) � rediscovered in Seychelles in the 1970s
Sichuan Thuja (Thuja sutchuenensis) � rediscovered 1999 (Sichuan, China)
Gibraltar Campion (Silene tomentosa) � rediscovered on Gibraltar in 1994
Astragalus nitidiflorus (1909, Spain) � rediscovered 2004 (Cartagena, Spain)
Extinct algae[edit]
Bennett's Seaweed (Vanvoorstia bennettiana) � a red alga. (1886, Australia)
See also[edit]
List of recently extinct plants
List of extinct animals
A list of Presumed Extinct Plant species in South
Contents
•1 Prehistoric extinctions
◦2.2 Carboniferous
◦2.3 Permian
◦2.4 Triassic
◦2.5 Jurassic
◦2.6 Cretaceous
◦2.7 Paleocene
◦2.8 Eocene
◦2.9 Oligocene
◦2.10 Miocene
◦2.11 Pliocene
◦2.12 Pleistocene
◦3.2 Americas
◦3.3 Asia
◦3.4 Europe
◦3.5 Oceania
◦4.2 Americas
◦4.3 Asia
◦4.4 Europe
◦4.5 Oceania
•7 Extinct algae
•8 See also
•9 References
Prehistoric extinctions[edit]
Cooksonia
Archaefructus
Abies milleri
Dillhoffia
Trochodendron nastae
Araucaria mirabilis
Araucarioxylon arizonicum
Sphenophyllum miravallis
•Archaeopteris
Carboniferous[edit]
•Annularia
•Sigillaria
•Lepidodendron
•Calamites
•Sphenophyllum
Permian[edit]
•Cordaites
•Glossopteris
•Sphenophyllum
Triassic[edit]
•Araucarioxylon[1]
•Cladophlebis
•Zamites
•Brachyphyllum
•Pleuromeia
•Pannaulika
•Sphenophyllum
Jurassic[edit]
•Araucaria mirabilis[2]
•Araucarites sanctaecrucis[2]
•Baiera
•Coniopteris
•Cycadeoidea
•Czekanowskia
•Eboracia
•Gleichenites
•Neocalamites
•Nilssonia
•Pararaucaria patagonica[2]
•Pterophyilum
•Schmeissneria
Cretaceous[edit]
•Archaeanthus
•Archaefructus
•Ephedrites
•Liaoningocladus
•Pagiophyllum
•Pityocladus
•Podozamites
•Sphenobaiera
•Williamsonia
•Williamsoniella
Paleocene[edit]
Eocene[edit]
•Acer rousei (Allenby Formation, McAbee Site, British Columbia, North America)[5]
Oligocene[edit]
•Banksia novae-zelandiae (South Island, New Zealand) (Straddles the Oligocene-Miocene boundary)
Miocene[edit]
•Droserapites (Taiwan)
•Droserapollis (Taiwan)
Pliocene[edit]
•Pinus matthewsii[34]
Pleistocene[edit]
Modern extinctions[edit]
Africa[edit]
•Erica alexandri subsp. acockii (1940, South Africa: Cape Flora) [35]
•Erica foliacea subsp. fulgens (1900, South Africa: Cape Flora) [35]
•Erica pyramidalis var. pyramidalis (1910, South Africa: Cape Flora) [35]
•Macrostylis villosa subsp. minor (1980, South Africa: Cape Flora) [35]
Americas[edit]
•Roan Mountain False Goat's-beard � Astilbe crenatiloba (1885, Roan Mountain, Tennessee)
Asia[edit]
Europe[edit]
Oceania[edit]
See also: List of extinct flora of Australia
•Mark's Cyanea Tree � Cyanea marksii (1900, Hawaiian Is.) - update in 2016: This plant is endemic to
Hawai?i, where it has experienced severe and ongoing decline in habitat and numbers due to the
impacts of invasive plants and animals. Previously it was believed to be Extinct, but the rediscovery of 12
plants (occurring in two separate subpopulations) resulted in it being downlisted to CR.[37]
Encephalartos woodii
Cosmos atrosanguineus
Sophora toromiro
Africa[edit]
Americas[edit]
Asia[edit]
•Tulipa sprengeri)
Europe[edit]
Oceania[edit]
•Badula ovalifolia � from Mauritius. Known in 1830's; collected in 1970 and 1997 but misidentified
(Page and D'Argent 1997, IUCN report)/confirmed identity in 2008 (Florens et al., Kew Bulletin)
Extinct algae[edit]
See also[edit]