Structural Engineering stream - Comprehensive examination syllabus

The exam will have two papers and each paper will contain three parts:

Paper 1:

Part A: Advanced Structural Mechanics

Part B: Finite Element Method

Part C: Theory and design of Plates and Shells

Paper 2:

Part A: Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Part B: Design of Metal Structures

Part C: Structural Dynamics

Detailed syllabus for each of the parts along with the references is listed in the
following pages.

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Paper 1 (Part A) – Advanced Structural Mechanics:

1. Analysis of stress: Stress vector or traction; State of stress at a point; Stress

components in Cartesian and cylindrical polar coordinates; Stress tensor; Principal
stresses; Principal directions; Maximum shear stress; Octahedral shear stress;
Mohr’s circle; Stress invariants; Plane stress; Hydrostatic and deviatoric stress;
Engineering stress and true or Cauchy stress; Body forces
2. Analysis of strain: Deformation, Displacement; Change in length of a linear
element – exact and linearized; Strain displacement relation; Cartesian components
of linearized strain and its interpretation; Cylindrical polar components of strain;
Principal strains; Principal directions; Strain invariants; Plane strain; Change in
volume; Change in surface area; Techniques to measure strain; Strain Rosette
3. Equilibrium equations: Statement of balance of linear momentum; Differential and
integral form of the equilibrium equation in Cartesian and cylindrical polar
coordinates; Boundary conditions
4. Compatibility equations: Compatibility equations in Cartesian coordinates and
their need
5. Constitutive equations: Need for constitutive equations; Restrictions on
constitutive equations; Material symmetry; Definition of elasticity, plasticity,
viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity; Generalized Hooke’s law; Hooke’s law for isotropic
materials; Young’s modulus; Poisson’s ratio; Shear modulus; Bulk modulus; Lame
constants; Relationship between elastic material parameters; Incompressible
materials; Plastic flow rule – Prandtl–Reuss equation
6. Failure theories: Ductile and brittle failure; Rankine failure theory; Mohr’s failure
theory; Tresca and von Mises yield surface; Stress and strain space formulations of
failure theories; Damage and fracture of materials; Fracture toughness; Stress
intensity factors; Fatigue failure
7. Boundary value problems: Principal of superposition; Formulation and solution to
boundary value problems in linearized elasticity for studying – symmetric and
asymmetric bending of beams; Torsion of closed and open thin-walled or solid
sections; Stress concentration around holes
8. Energy methods: Work done by forces; Strain (or stored) energy; First and second
theorem of Castigliano; Theorem of virtual work; Theorem of least work; Application
of these theorems to solve the above boundary value problem
9. Stability: Euler buckling load; Energy methods for buckling problems; Rayleigh-Ritz
method

Textbooks:

1. Ragab, A.R., and Bayoumi, S.E., Engineering Solid Mechanics: Fundamentals and
Applications, CRC Press, 1999. (Chapters: 1-5,7,10)

2. Srinath, L.S. Advanced mechanics of solids, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007. (Chapters: 1-
7,10)

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 Paper 1 (Part B) – Finite Element Method

1. Mathematical foundation of the finite element method: Axial deformation of bars;

Axial deformation of bars using Galerkin method; One dimensional BVP using Galerkin
method; Rayleigh-Ritz method; Finite element form of assumed solutions; Finite element
solution of axial deformation problems

2. One dimensional boundary value problem: Applications of 1D BVP; Finite element

formulation for second order 1D BVP; Elastic buckling of bars; Solution of second order
1D BVP; Inter-element derivative terms

3. Trusses, beams, and frames: Plane trusses; Space trusses; Temperature changes
and initial strains in trusses; Spring elements; Transverse deformation of beams; Two
node beam element; Uniform beams subjected to distributed loads; Plane frames; Space
frames; Frames in multistory buildings

4. Two dimensional analysis: Applications of 2D BVP; Integration by parts in higher

dimensions; Finite element equations using the Galerkin method; Rectangular finite
elements; Triangular finite elements; Fundamental concepts in elasticity; Governing
differential equations; General form of finite element equations; Plane stress and plane
strain; Planar finite element models

5. Mapped elements: Integration using change of variables; Mapping quadrilaterals using

interpolation functions; Numerical integration using Gauss quadrature; Finite element
computations involving mapped elements; Triangular elements by collapsing
quadrilaterals; Infinite elements

6. Plates and shells: Kirchhoff plate theory; Rectangular Kirchhoff plate elements;
Triangular Kirchhoff plate elements; Mindlin plate theory; Displacement-based finite
elements for Mindlin plates; Analysis of shell structures
Textbooks:

For theory and practicing problems:

1. Bhatti, M.A., Fundamental Finite Element Analysis and Applications: with Mathematica
and MATLAB Computations, Wiley, 2005. (Chapters 2-7)
2. Bhatti, M.A., Advanced Topics in Finite Element Analysis of Structures: With
Mathematica and MATLAB Computations, Wiley, 2006. (Chapter 6)

For practicing problems:

3. Reddy, J. N., An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill
Science/Engineering/Math, 2005. (Chapters 2-5, 8, 9, 11, 12)
4. Cook, R. D., Malkus, D. S., and Plesha, M. E., Concepts and Applications of Finite
Element Analysis, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall-India, New Delhi, 2003. (Chapters 1-8, 14-
16)

5. Zienkiewicz, O. C., Taylor, R. L., Zhu, J. Z., The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and
Fundamentals, Elsevier, 2005. (Chapters 1-6, 9)
.

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Paper 1 (Part C) – Theory and design of Plates and Shells

Plates:

1. Rectangular Plates: Basic equations of theory of thin plates with small deflections;
Various boundary conditions; Bending of long rectangular plates to cylindrical
surfaces; Pure bending of plates; Navier solution by double trigonometric series;
rectangular plates with various edge and loading conditions; and Levy’s method for
simply supported rectangular plates
2. Circular Plates: Bending of circular plates under rotationally symmetric loading;
Various boundary conditions; Circular plates with opening at the centre
3. Orthotropic plates: Governing differential equation; Determination of rigidities;
Analysis of rectangular plates
4. Numerical methods: Ritz method; Galerkin’s method; Kantorovich’s method; finite
difference method

Shells:

5. Shell theory: Classification of shells; Shells of revolution and translation; Membrane

theory and its limitations; bending theory; Finsterwalder theory; DKJ theory; Schorer
theory
6. Design of shells of single curvature: Beam method of analysis of shells by
Lundgren’s method and its limitations; Detailed design of cylindrical shells and north
light shell roofs
7. Design of shells of double curvature: Principals of deisgn; Elliptic paraboloids;
Hyperbolic paraboloids; Conoids; Prestressing of shells; Practical aspects of shell
construction
8. Folded plates: Folded plate structures; Various types; Analysis and design.

Textbooks:

Plates:

1. Szilard, R., Theories and Applications of Plate Analysis - Classical,

Numerical and Engineering Methods, John Wiley & Sons, 1974.

2. Shames, I.H., and Dym, C.L., Energy and Finite Element Methods in
Structural Mechanics, New Age International Publishers, 2003.
Shells:

3. Ramaswamy, G.S., Design and Construction of Concrete Shells, CBS Publishers,

New Delhi, India, 1996.

4. Jai Krishna and Jain, O.P., Plain and Reinforced Concrete, Volume II, Nem Chand
and Bros, 1987.

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Paper 2 (Part A) – Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

1. Material properties of concrete: Grade; Behavior under uniaxial / biaxial

compression and tension; Creep and shrinkage; Durability

2. Material properties of reinforcing steel: Types; Stress-strain curves; Corrosion

3. Design philosophies: Basic concepts underlying working stress method, ultimate

load method and limit states method

4. Behavior of members subject to flexure, shear, torsion and compression:

Basis of IS 456 code requirements and formulations for design; Minimum and
maximum reinforcement; Deflection control; Curtailment of tension reinforcement;
Failure modes; Shear transfer mechanisms; Critical sections for design;
Primary/secondary torsion; Bond failure and bond strength; Development length;
Columns subject to uniaxial / biaxial eccentricity; Slender columns; Design of two-
way slabs using moment coefficients

5. Serviceability limit states: Effective flexural rigidity; Factors influencing deflections

and crack-widths; IS code procedures for estimating short-term/long-term deflections
and crack-widths

6. Inelastic analysis of beams and slabs: Lower bound and upper bound methods;
Moment redistribution in beams (as per IS 456); Yield line analysis of slabs: yield
line patterns, analysis of simple circular slabs and isotropically / orthotropically
reinforced rectangular slabs with various boundary conditions under concentrated
and uniformly distributed loads

7. Strut-and-tie method: Applications to analysis, design and detailing of deep beams,

corbels, pile caps, joints, Beam-Column joints

8. Basic design and detailing for earthquake resistance: Ductility and energy
dissipation, Code requirements for ductile design and detailing (IS 13920)

Textbooks:

1. Pillai, S.U. and Menon, D., Reinforced Concrete Design, McGraw-Hill India, 2003
2. Varghese, P.C., Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design, Prentice-Hall India, 2005

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Paper 2 (Part B) – Design of Metal Structures

1. Buckling: Buckling and post-buckling behavior of columns, plates and shells;

Classification of sections

2. Limit States Design of Steel Members: Uncertainties in load and resistance; Limit
States and Load and Resistance Factor Design methods; Behavior and design of
members under tension, compression, bending, and combined forces (shear-
bending, axial force-bending)

3. Fasteners: Methods of installation and behavior of rivets, bolts (bearing and friction
type) and welds; Screws and rivets in cold-formed steel construction

4. Connections: Types of fasteners; Behavior of local elements; Analysis, Design and

Detailing of Connections

5. Design for Earthquake Forces: Design for ductility; R factor; Concentrically and
eccentrically braced frames; non-buckling bracings; Moment resisting frames; Wall
panel systems

6. Composite Members: Behavior and design of steel concrete composite slabs,

beams and columns

7. Fatigue Behavior and Design: Fatigue Behavior; Detail classification for design;
design for variable repeated loading

8. Cold-Formed Steel Members: Effective width and Direct Strength Design methods
of cold-formed steel beams, columns and beam-columns; Connections in cold-
formed steel systems

Textbooks:

1. Subramanian, N. Design of steel structures, Oxford University Press, 2008

(Chapters 1–13)

2. INSDAG Teaching Resource Material, 3 volumes, INSDAG, Kolkata.

3. ESDEP Web Course Material (http://www.esdep.org/members/master/toc.htm)
Chapters WG (6, 7, 8.1 to 8.4, 12.1 to 12.6, 12.8, 12.9)

4. Codes and Standards: IS: 800-2007. IS: 801-2009, AISC

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 Paper 2 (Part C) – Structural Dynamics

1. Response of simple, Single Degree of Freedom systems: Definition of DOF:

idealization of structure as SDF system; Formulation of equations of motion for
various SDF systems; Free vibration of undamped systems; Free vibration of
viscously damped systems; Free vibration of systems with Coulomb damping;
Damping in structures; Forced vibration of systems; Steady state response to
harmonic forces; Experimental determinations of natural frequency; Duhamel’s
integral and other methods of solution

2. Analysis of Multi-Degree of Freedom systems: Static force displacement

relationship; Strain energy of system; Formulation of equations of motion;
Evaluation of natural frequencies and modes; Free vibration of undamped systems;
Forced vibration of damped systems; Harmonic free vibration; Vibration Absorber
Concept; Review of time history and spectrum methods of analysis.

3. Approximate methods of computing natural frequencies: Rayleigh’s method;

Dunkerley’s method; Methods of iteration – Stodola-Vainello Method; Rinsing and
deflation; Rayleigh-Ritz method.

4. Base excited systems: Formulation of equations of motion for SDF and MDF
systems; Concept of spectral quantities, Response spectrum; Fundamentals of
earthquake engineering

5. Numerical methods: Eigen value problems and applications: Subspace Iteration;

Mode superposition principle – modal truncation errors; Direct Integration methods:
Explicit methods – Central difference method; Implicit methods – Newmark – β
method, Wilson-θ method.

Textbooks:

1. Chopra A K, Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Application to Earthquake

Engineering, Prentice Hall, 2006.

2. Clough R W and Penzien J, Dynamics of Structures, McGraw-Hill International Ed.,

1975.

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