Experiment # 08

Objective:
To construct and analyze biased & unbiased positive and negative clampers circuit .

Apparatus:
1. Diode
2. Resistor
3. DC power supply
4. Signal generator
5. Oscilloscope
6. Bread board
7. Connecting wires
8. Capacitor

Theory:
A clamper is an electronic device that fixes either the positive or negative peak excursions
of a signal to a defined level by shifting its dc level. Clamper does not restrict the peak to peak
excursion of the signal; it moves the whole signal up and down so as to place the peaks at the
reference level.

There are major two types of clampers.

a) Unbiased clampers b) biased clampers

They are further classified into positive and negative clampers.

a) Unbiased

Positive clamper:
Unbiased positive clamper is that in which dc source is absent and it shift the
input waveform in positive voltages.

Negative clamper:
 Unbiased negative clamper is that in which dc source is absent
and it shift the input waveform in negative voltages.

b) Biased clampers:

Positive clamper:
Biased positive clamper is that in which dc source is present and it shift
the input waveform in positive voltages and voltage level is greater than 0.7 V.

When battery is reversed output

Negative clamper:
Biased negative clamper is that in which dc source is
present and it shift the input waveform in negative voltages and voltage level is greater
than 0.7 V.
 Reverse battery:

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit of the diode, capacitor and resistor and battery (DC supply)
when required according to circuit diagrams as shown above.
2. Set signal generator to 1k Hz and adjust the amplitude to 10 V.
3. Connect the oscilloscope channel 1 to the input where the signal generator is
connected and connect channel 2 to the output across the resistor.
4. Now analyze the clampers circuit one by one on oscilloscope by overlapping the
input and output graphs.

Observation and calculations:

Unbiased negative clamper
Unbiased positive clamper
Biased positive clamper
Biased negative clamper