7/30/2019 AUTOMATIC ROOM POWER CONTROLLER2.

ppt

BY
B.RAMANAND
(08331A0414)
CH.SWAROOP E.SANTOSH
(08331A0431) (08331A0438)

CH. DILLESWARA RAO

(08331A0430)

Under the guidance of 

Sri K.SATYANARAYANA RAJU
M.Tech
Assistant professor
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1. INTRODUCTION
2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3. INPUT SECTION
4. POWER SUPPLY SECTION
5. COMPARATOR SECTION
6. COUNTING SECTION
7. RELAY SECTION
8. ADVANTAGES
9. POSSIBLE MODIFICATIONS
10. CONCLUSIONS
11. REFERENCES
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1.  Many a time we forget to switch off appliances like

lights, fans and air-conditioners before leaving our
house. This leads to considerable wastage of electricity
apart from reducing the life of the appliance.
2. A circuit is presented here which senses the
absence of occupants in a room and automatically
shuts off the power to a particular appliance, say, a
tube light or fan. It turns on the appliance again when
someone enters the room

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 It has 2 major components

which describes the input
section
1) laser diodes
2) LDRs (light dependent
resistors)

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•A laser diode, also known as an injection

laser or diode laser.
•It is a semiconductor device that produces
coherent radiation (in which the waves are all at
the same frequency and phase) in the visible
or infrared (IR) spectrum when current passes
through it.

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 A photoresistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) is a
resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing
incident light intensity.
 It can also be referred to as a photoconductor or CdS
device, from "cadmium sulfide," which is the material
from which the device is made and that actually
exhibits the variation in resistance with light level.

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 It has 3 major
components which
describes this section
1) Step down transformer
2) Rectification and
filtering
3) regulation

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 A transformer is a device that transfers electrical
energy from one circuit to another through inductively
coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A varying
current in the first or primary winding creates a varying
magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a
varying magnetic field through the secondary winding.
This varying magnetic field induces a varying EMF , or
"voltage", in the secondary winding. This effect is
called inductive coupling.

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 7809 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit(IC) which

is widely used in electronic circuits.

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BASIC COMPARATOR:
 An op-amp can be

used as a comparator.
It consists
Vref and Vinof 2 inputs,
 When
 V1 < V2 , Vout = 0
and when
V1> V2 , Vout=1
Here V1=Vin, V2=Vref

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
This section is
HEART of the
circuit which uses
LM324
 It delimits the
losses occurred due
to traditional
circuits
 Person entering
should be counted
by counter1
persons andthe
leaving
room should be
counted by
counter2 . This is
controlled by this
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 This section uses two

CD 4017 counters .
 A reset switch to reset
the counters
 Counters are followed
by and gates for
supplying the pulse to
relay for automatic
action

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 Operation of relay

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 Operation :
1) The high output of the
AND gate makes the
transistor T1 conduct
via resistor R16, hence
the relay de-energises.
2) Otherwise transistor T2
conducts getting base
current via resistor R18
and relay energises to
switch on the appliance

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1. Inexpensive
2. Simple
3. Rugged
4. Doesn’t require programming knowledge 
5. Can count the persons entering and leaving the room
through a single door

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1. The circuit can be modified to indicate the number of

persons entering and exiting the room. For the
purpose, you need to connect LEDs between the
ground and the outputs of decade counters through
1k resistors
2. One limitation of the circuit is that it cannot count
more than ten persons in succession. When the
eleventh person enters the room the circuit resets.
This problem can be overcome by cascading more
decade counters

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1. For a conventional microcontroller based circuit if the

microcontroller fails the complete software installation
is required but in this circuit just replacement of the
hardware is required.
2. Considerable wastage of power can be reduced.

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1. ELECTRONICS FOR YOU february 2011 edition

2. PRINCIPLES OF POWER SYSTEM by V.K.Mehta
3. UNDERSTANDING OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
SPECIFICATION by JIM KARKI (e book)
4. LASER DIODES by Denford road
5. http://www.chipswinner.com/ends/LM324.pdf
6. http://www.pira.cz/pdf/bc548.pdf

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