UNIT

MANOEUVERING
FLIGHT
PERFORMANCE
Range and endurance - Climbing and gliding flight

(Maximum rate of climb and steepest angle of

climb, minimum rate of sink and shallowest angle

of glide) -Turning performance (Turning rate turn

radius).
Bank angle and load factor – limitations on turn -
V-n diagram and load factor.
 Range of an Airplane

Range of an airplane in defind as total maximum

distance an airplane can fly between takeoff and
landing, with unit load or full load of fuel
UNIT-km
CONDITION FOR MAXIMUM RANGE
FOR PROPELLER AIRPLANE
L/D ratio should be maximum
Drag should be minimum
Profile drag is equal to induced drag
Least possible Specific fuel consumption
Highest possible propulsive efficiency
Ratio between gross weight to empty weight
should be maximum
 CONDITION FOR MAXIMUM
RANGE FOR JET AIRPLANE

[Cl ^3/2/Cd] should be maximum

Drag should be minimum
Profile drag is equal to 3 times of induced drag
Least possible Specific fuel consumption
 Endurance of Airplane
In aviation, endurance is the
maximum length of time that
an aircraft can spend in
cruising flight with full load of
fuel
CONDITION FOR MAXIMUM ENDURANCE
FOR PROPELLER AIRPANE
[Cl ^3/2/Cd] should be maximum
Drag should be minimum
Profile drag is equal to 3 times of induced drag
Least possible Specific fuel consumption
Highest possible propulsive efficiency
Maximum amount of fuel can be carried
 CONDITION FOR MAXIMUM
ENDURANCE FOR JET AIRPLANE
L/D ratio should be maximum

Drag should be minimum

Profile drag is equal to induced drag

Least possible Specific fuel consumption

Ceiling:
It is a maximum altitude that an airplane can
reach under set of conditions

CEILING
ABSOLUTE SERVICE
CEILING CEILING
ABSOLUTE CEILING
The maximum highest altitude that an airplane
can reach and sustain level flight. (The airplae
will never reach this altitude except flight
testing)
Pa=Pr 
Power availabe is equal to power required so there is
no further power to increse altitude so R/C=0
 Service Ceiling
The maximum height at which a particular
type of aircraft can sustain a specified rate of
climb.
It can be defind as altitude at which the rate of
climb is 11.6 ft/s or 100 ft/min