COA-RESEARCH PAPER SUMMARY

Challenges and Perspectives of Computer Architecture at the

Nano Scale

ABSTRACT -
Advances in nanotechnologies and research into new materials have led to the
development of nanocomponents with new properties and functions. Exploring
how these new components could be used to design future computing
architectures, complementary rather than complementary to CMOS technology,
is a new subject of research known as Nanocomputing.

INTRODUCTION -
Nanocomputing is an emerging research topic that aims to explore how it would
be possible to build computing machines using nanofabricated components
beyond the well-established CMOS technology.
In the first part, we present the most promising ways to integrate nanotechnology
into computer architectures. In particular, we look at the main properties of
nano-manufactured components and analyze their impact on the computing
platform. In the second part, we will present the ongoing research on the topic
focusing on the latest results from the European project NABAB. This project is
focused on the use of various nanotechnologies for the construction of computer
structures inspired by neuros. In the third and final part, we will reveal the main
challenges of this research and discuss some perspectives in this exciting new
area, including potential applications
ROUTES TOWARD THE NANOCOMPUTER

Instead, among potential candidate architectures that will lead to efficient use of
nanotechnologies, two paths are currently being pursued by various research
groups: reconfigurable logic and neuro-inspired architectures.
RECENT ADVANCES IN NANOCOMPUTING RESEARCH: THE EUROPEAN PROJECT NABAB

Neuromorphic computing is a promising paradigm for enabling nanoscale

information processing. The neuro-inspired paradigm's distinguishing feature is
that it is based on neuroscienceThe ability to learn as a result of the self-tunable
qualities of Devices that resemble synaptic connection and thus introducing the
european NABAB project
INTRODUCING THE SYNAPSTOR
Self tunable devices are refered as SYNAPSTOR . It is a dipole that controls a specific
property of the currentt and voltage ,it stores a value notedW that represents the
amount of control(or gating) applied to the device dipole and implements a mechanism
that allows updating the value W.,the update mechanism should be local and be a
function of the history of dipole. A synapstor is therefore defined as a basic device of
the synapse type with the qualities indicated above, but it is also more. A synapstor is a
device with the characteristics listed above due to its internal dynamic. This where the
physics of nanoscale components comes in. The overall capabilities of a synap can be
seen from this brief description.
The NABAB project has proposed to build synapstors using a variety of
nanotechnologies, namely: Carbon Nanotube FET (CNT-FET), Zinc Oxide nanowire FET
(ZnO-FET) and Nanoparticle organic FET (NOMFET)

CNT-FET based synpastor

The Optically-Gated Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (OG-CNTFET) is a
CEA Molecular Electronics Laboratory (LEM) device that has been investigated as
a viable contender for adaptive component implementation. This approach
noticeably allows compensating for the variability in the electrical performances
of as-built devices. These results have been recently published in Advanced
Materials
NOMFET, a device having like an artificial spking synapse
We have recently shown that mixing nanoparticles and molecules to implement
computation and memory in a single synapse-like device is a powerful approach
towards neuro-inspired computing . This behavior was obtained by virtue of the
combination of two properties of the NOMFET: the transconductance gain of the
transistor and the memory effect due to charges stored in the NPs. Thus, the
transconductance of the transistor can be dynamically tuned by the amount of
charges in the NPs.

CONCLUSION- Challenges and Perspectives of Computer

Architecture at the Nano Scale
Future computer architectures could be built on innovative nanofabricated
components. Practical considerations, on the other hand Nanocomputers are still
several years away. As a result, The focus of study now is on the most pressing
issues that must be addressed such as hybrid fabrication and integration with
CMOS,Designs Kits,design Methodologies and tools for hybrid CMOS/Nano
circuits.Handling Architecture that uses various data coding schemes are also an
important field of studies for development of computer architecture. Merging
CMOS/Von Neumann and Nano/Neuroinspired computing paradigms into a
symbiotic programming model can also be possible. Potentials application of
nanncomputers are still a distant prospect but there are areas where they could
emerge sooner,especially in sensors.Nanofabricated structures can also be placed
inside existing sensing structures to enhance their functionality.
Reference: Challenges and Perspectives of Computer Architecture at the Nano
Scale by Christian Gamrat CEA, LIST, Nanocomputing F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex,
France christian.gamrat@cea.fr
NAME :VYDHEH SUMOD PUAPPADI
ROLL NO: I075
BATCH:A3
PROGRAM:MBA TECH IT 3RD SEM