I.

1. 𝑥2 ∙ 𝑥3
= 𝑥 2+3
= 𝑥5
2. 𝑦3 ∙ 𝑦5
= 𝑦 3+5
= 𝑦8
3. (4𝑥 2 )3
= (4𝑥 2 )3
= (43 ∙ 𝑥 2∙3 )
= (12 ∙ 𝑥 6 )
= 12𝑥 6
𝑎−2 𝑏3
4. 𝑎4 𝑏5
𝑎−2 𝑏3
= 𝑎 4 𝑏5
= 𝑎 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏3 𝑏−5
−2 −4

= 𝑎−2+(−4) ∙ 𝑏3−5
= 𝑎−6 ∙ 𝑏−2
1 1
= 𝑎6 ∙ 𝑏2
1
= 𝑎6 𝑏2
3(𝑥 2 𝑦)3
5. 12(𝑥 −2 𝑦)4
3(𝑥 2 𝑦)3
= 12(𝑥−2 𝑦)4
3 𝑥 2∙3 𝑦 3
= 12 ∙ 𝑥−2∙4 𝑦4
1 𝑥6 𝑦3
= 4 ∙ 𝑥−8 𝑦4
1
= 4 ∙ 𝑥 6 𝑥 8 𝑦 3 𝑦 −4
1
= 4 ∙ 𝑥 6+8 𝑦 3+(−4)
1
= 4 ∙ (𝑥 14 ∙ 𝑦 −1 )
1 𝑥 14
=4∙ 𝑦
𝑥 14
= 4𝑦
𝑏 −4
6. (2 )
𝑏 −4
= ( 2)
 𝑏−4
= (2−4 )
1 24
= (𝑏 4 ∙ )
1
1 16
= (𝑏 4 ∙ )
1
16
= 𝑏4
7. (5𝑥𝑦 2 )2 (3𝑥 3 𝑦)
= (5𝑥𝑦 2 )2 (3𝑥 3 𝑦)
= (52 𝑥 2 𝑦 2∙2) ∙ (3𝑥 3 𝑦)
= (52 𝑥 2 𝑦 4 ) ∙ (3𝑥 3 𝑦)
= (25𝑥 2 𝑦 4 ) ∙ (3𝑥 3 𝑦)
= 25 ∙ 3𝑥 2+3 𝑦 4+1
= 25𝑥 5 𝑦 5
4 5
𝑏−3 (−𝑥 3 𝑦2 )
8. [ 5 )3 ]
𝑦 2 (−𝑏2 𝑥
4 5
𝑏−3 (−𝑥 3 𝑦 2)
=[ ]
𝑦 2 (−𝑏2 𝑥 5)3
5
𝑏−3 (−𝑥 3+4 𝑦 2+4)
= [ 𝑦2 (−𝑏2+3 𝑥5+3) ]
5
𝑏−3 (−𝑥 7 𝑦 6)
= [ 𝑦2 (−𝑏5 𝑥8) ]
5
−𝑏−3 𝑥 7 𝑦 6
= [ −𝑦2 𝑏5 𝑥8 ]
5
𝑏−3 𝑥 7 𝑦 6
= [ 𝑦 2 𝑏5𝑥 8 ]
= [𝑏 −3 𝑏−5 𝑦 6 𝑦 −2 𝑥 7 𝑥 −8 ]5
5
= [𝑏−3+(−5)𝑦 6+(−2) 𝑥 7+(−8) ]
= [𝑏 −8 𝑦 4 𝑥 −1 ]5
5
1 𝑦4 1
= [(𝑏8 ) ( 1 ) (𝑥)]
5
𝑦4
= [𝑏 8 𝑥 ]
𝑦 4∙5
= [𝑏8∙5 𝑥5 ]
𝑦 20
= 𝑏40 𝑥5
9. (9𝑎−2 𝑏3 )−2
= (9𝑎−2 𝑏3 )−2
1
= (9𝑎−2 𝑏3 )2
1
= (92 𝑎−2∙2 𝑏3∙2)
 1
= 81𝑎−4 𝑏6
1 𝑎4
= 81𝑏6 ∙ 1
𝑎4
= 81𝑏6
10. 28 ∙ 163 ∙ (64) 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 2𝑛
= 28 ∙ 163 ∙ (64)
= 28 ∙ (24 )3 ∙ 26
= 28 ∙ 24∙3 ∙ 26
= 28 ∙ 212 ∙ 26
= 28+12+6
= 226

II.
1. (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 7) + (−3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 2)
= (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 7) + (−3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 2)
= (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 7) − 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 2
= 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 + 7 − 2
= −𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 5
2. (−7𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 8) + (−4𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 + 10)
= (−7𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 8) + (−4𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 + 10)
= (−7𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 8) − 4𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 + 10
= 9𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 10 − 8
= 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 2
3. (2𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 2 + 8) − (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 4 + 9)
= (2𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 2 + 8) − (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 4 + 9)
= (2𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 2 + 8) − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 4 − 9
= 2𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 2 + 8 − 9
= 4𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 − 1
4. (−𝑧 3 − 2𝑧 2 ) + (𝑧 2 − 7𝑧 + 1) − (4𝑧 3 − 3𝑧 2 − 3𝑧 + 2)
= (−𝑧 3 − 2𝑧 2 ) + (𝑧 2 − 7𝑧 + 1) − (4𝑧 3 − 3𝑧 2 − 3𝑧 + 2)
= (−𝑧 3 − 2𝑧 2 ) + 𝑧 2 − 7𝑧 + 1 − 4𝑧 3 + 3𝑧 2 + 3𝑧 − 2
= −4𝑧 3 − 𝑧 3 + 3𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 2 + 𝑧 2 − 7𝑧 + 3𝑧 + 1 − 2
= −5𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 − 1
5. (4𝑡 − 𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3 ) − (3𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑡 3 ) + (3𝑡 3 − 1)
= (4𝑡 − 𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3 ) − (3𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑡 3 ) + (3𝑡 3 − 1)
= (4𝑡 − 𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3 ) − 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑡 3 + 3𝑡 3 − 1
= 3𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 3 − 𝑡 3 − 3𝑡 2 − 𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 + 2𝑡 − 1
= −4𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 1
III.
1. 5𝑥𝑦 2 (7𝑥𝑦)
= 5𝑥𝑦 2 (7𝑥𝑦)
= 5 ∙ 7 ∙ 𝑥 1+1 ∙ 𝑦 2+1
= 35𝑥 2 𝑦 3
2. 2𝑎𝑏 2 (𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 3𝑏 2 )
= 2𝑎𝑏 2 (𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 3𝑏 2 )
= 2𝑎𝑏 2 (𝑎2 ) + 2𝑎𝑏 2 (2𝑎𝑏) − 2𝑎𝑏 2 (3𝑏 2 )
= 2𝑎3 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎2 𝑏 3 − 2𝑎𝑏 4
3. (2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 4)
= (2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 4)
= (2𝑥 ∙ 3𝑥) + (2𝑥 ∙ −4) + (1 ∙ 3𝑥) + (1 ∙ −4)
= (6𝑥 2 ) + (−8𝑥) + (3𝑥) + (−4)
= (6𝑥 2 ) + (−5𝑥) + (−4)
= 6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 4
4. (𝑏 − 3𝑎)(𝑎 + 2𝑏 )(𝑏 + 3𝑎)
= (𝑏 − 3𝑎)(𝑎 + 2𝑏 )(𝑏 + 3𝑎)
= [(𝑏 ∙ 𝑎) + (𝑏 ∙ 2𝑏 ) + (−3𝑎 ∙ 𝑎) + (−3𝑎 ∙ 2𝑏 )](𝑏 + 3𝑎)
= [(2𝑏 2 ) + (−3𝑎 2 ) + (−6𝑎𝑏 ) + (𝑎𝑏 )](𝑏 + 3𝑎)
= [−3𝑎2 − 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 2 ](𝑏 + 3𝑎 )
= [−3𝑎2 (𝑏)−3𝑎 2 (3𝑎) − 5𝑎𝑏(𝑏 ) − 5𝑎𝑏(3𝑎) + 2𝑏 2 (𝑏) + 2𝑏 2(3𝑎)]
= −3𝑎2 𝑏 − 9𝑎3 − 5𝑎𝑏 2 − 15𝑎 2 𝑏 + 2𝑏 3 + 6𝑎𝑏 2
= −9𝑎3 − 3𝑎2 𝑏 − 15𝑎2 𝑏 − 5𝑎𝑏 2 + 6𝑎𝑏 2 + 2𝑏 3
= −9𝑎3 − 18𝑎2 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 2 + 2𝑏 3
5. (5𝑏 2 − 2𝑏 + 1)(3𝑏 − 𝑏 2 + 2)
= (5𝑏 2 − 2𝑏 + 1)(3𝑏 − 𝑏 2 + 2)
= (5𝑏 2 ∙ 3𝑏 ) + (5𝑏 2 ∙ −𝑏 2 ) + (5𝑏 2 ∙ 2) + (−2𝑏 ∙ 3𝑏 ) + (−2𝑏 ∙ −𝑏 2 ) +
(−2𝑏 ∙ 2) + (1 ∙ 3𝑏 ) + (1 ∙ −𝑏 2 ) + (1 ∙ 2)
= (15𝑏 3 ) + (−5𝑏 4) + (10𝑏 2 ) + (−6𝑏 2 ) + (2𝑏 3 ) + (−4𝑏 ) + (3𝑏 ) +
(−𝑏 2 ) + (2)
= −5𝑏 4 + 15𝑏 3 + 2𝑏 3 + 10𝑏 2 − 6𝑏 2 − 𝑏 2 − 4𝑏 + 3𝑏 + 2
= −5𝑏 4 + 17𝑏 3 + 3𝑏 2 − 𝑏 + 2