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CHAPTER- IV

REGIONAL SECURITY AND SUBMARINE OPERATION IN INDIAN OCEAN

0401. The developments in inter state relations in South Asia have demonstrated that
despite a gradual shift away from conflict to a course of co-operation at the global level,
South Asia remains bogged down in conflicts. In the context of today’s world when
cooperation among the regional countries is of crucial importance for self-sustained
development, the South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation is suffering from
recurrent crises. A complex web of factors that continue to spoil inter state relations in
South Asia is rooted within historical antagonism, separatist aspirations, undefined land
and maritime boundaries, cross border affiliation of ethno-linguistic and religion group.

0402. The changing maritime security scenario in the post-Cold War era is reflected in
the transformation of naval doctrines, strategies and force structures evident in several
Indian Ocean navies. There is an increasing focus on combating against the common
non-traditional threats of the region through naval cooperation. India, as the largest
naval power in the region, has a moral responsibility to foster maritime security
cooperation in the region and ensure the security of shipping in the Indian Ocean. For
Bangladesh, in order to preserve a favourable balance of power in the Indian Ocean, in
the face of a rising China and an adversarial Pakistan, and to maintain good order and
peace amidst emerging non-traditional threats of the twenty-first century, it is
imperative to maintain an all-round balanced naval capability.

THREAT PERCEPTION

Relation with Neighbours

0403. A state’s external threat generally emanates from its immediate geographical
vicinity. In case of Bangladesh, it obviously refers to India that encircles it from three
sides – north, east and west and Myanmar, which borders the south-eastern flank.
Therefore, relation with neighbours is an important factor in determining external
physical threat.

a. Relation with India. India and Bangladesh share a warm and friendly
tie and regarded as a textbook example of a neighbourly relationship.
Recently, however, claims are made about reduction of the warmth
between the two countries.  Despite the existing good relation with India, no
amicable solution of various outstanding issues like delimitation of maritime
boundary, South Talpatti issue, Push-in and Push-out crisis and insurgency
problem have yet been achieved. These unresolved issues might turn the
relation into strained at any time. In the past, Indian approach to resolve the
issues were not always peaceful; the South Talpatti crisis, their overt support to
Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) insurgents, the violation of our maritime sovereignty
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by entering two warships in 1987, etc, support the facts. Therefore, even the
existing good relation, could not diminish the deep suspicion of Indian attitude.
Sustaining India and Bangladesh relationship will require support from all
quarters. Recognising its uniqueness while analysing the relationship will
contribute immensely in strengthening the bond between the two countries.

b. Relation with Myanmar. Bangladesh and Myanmar share a land

border of approximately 271 km, and a maritime border. [3]  The two have
shared trade linkages, people-to-people contact, and cultural engagements
since the pre-colonial times. Myanmar was one of the first countries to
recognise Bangladesh as an independent nation after its creation in 1971.
Diplomatic relations between the two were formalised from 21 March 1972
and remained amiable with high-level visits from both sides The
neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar had a generally cordial
relationship under the Burmese military junta although the presence of over
270,000 Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh often served as a major irritant. The
civil society and political class of Bangladesh often voiced solidarity for
Myanmars pro-democracy struggle. However, Bangladesh has sought greater
trade and road and rail networks with Myanmar to boost the economic relations
between the two countries. Bangladesh and Mynamar engaged in a minor
border skirmish near the Naaf River during 2000–2001 often Refer as NAF
WAR. Despite the Rohingya crisis, Bangladesh and Myanmar need to work
together.  Bangladesh needs Myanmar to achieve its strategic objective of
extending connectivity to China and the ASEAN countries. It needs to
establish solid bilateral relations with Myanmar. The Rohingya issue is an
impediment, but given the global COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining stable
bilateral and sub-regional/regional relations is essential.

UNDERWATER PLATFORMS AND WEAPONS OF INDIA

SHISHUMAR Class Submarine

0404. a. General Characteristics

(1) Class: 4 X SHISHUMAR
(2) Builder : Howaldtswerke, Kiel Mazagon Dock Ltd, Mumbai
(3) Type : (SSK)
(4) Commissioned: 1984-1992

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b. General Data

Displacemen Dimension Main Speed Range

t Machinery

Diesel electric;
211.2 x 21.3 4 MTU 12v 493
1850 Dived x 19.7 (64.4 x AZ 80 GA 31 L 22 Knots 8000
6.5 x 6) diesels; 2400 dived; 11 snorting
hp sustained; 4 Surfaced at 8 kt;
Siemens 13000
alternators; 1.8 surfaced
MW; 1 at 10 kt
Siemens surfaced
motor; 4600 hp
sustained; 1
Shaft

c. Torpedo

Type Brand No Launcher Guidance Range@ Wt of Rmks

Name Location Sp Warhead
(Fwd/Aft/Mid)

14 8 x 21 Wire- 28 km (15.3 250 kg Wire

AEG in guided; m miles) at Guided
SUT Launc active/pas 23 kt; 12 km active
mod 1 -her sive (6.6 n passive
homing miles) at 35 homing
kt

d. Mines

External strap-on type for 24 mines

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SHINDHUGHOSH Class Submarine

0405. a. General characteristic.

(1) Class: 10 X SHINDHUGHOSH

(2) Builder : Sudomekh, Leningrad

(3) Type: (SSK)

(4) Commissioned: 1986-2000

b. General Data

Displacement Dimension Main Machinery Speed Range

Diesel electric; 2
238.2 x 32.5 x Model 4-2AA-42M
2325 surfaced; 21.7 (72.6 x diesels; 3650 hp; 2 17 Knots 6000 at 7
3076 Dived 9.9 x 6.6) generators; 1 motor; dived; 10 kt
1 Shaft; 2 MT-168 Surfaced; snorting;
auxiliary motors; 204 9 400 at 3
hp; 1 economic snorting kt dived
speed motor; 130 hp

c. Torpedo

Brand No Launcher Guidance Range@ Wt of Reload Rmks

Name Location Sp Warhea onboard
Type (Fwd/Aft/ d
Mid)

Combin 6 x 21 in Passive 19 km 305 kg

ation of tubes wake (10.3 n
type homing miles) at
53-65 45 kt

Anti- TEST Active/pas 15 km 220 kg Total

submar 71/96 sive (8.1 n of 18
ine homing miles) at weap
40 kt or ons.
20 km at Wire-
25 kt guide
d on
2
tubes

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d. Mines

24 DM-1 in lieu of torpedoes

FOXROT Class Submarine

0406. a. General Characteristics

(1) Class: 2 X FOXTROT

(2) Builder : Sudomekh, Leningrad
(3)Type: (SS)
(4) Commissioned: 1973-74

b. General Data

Displacement Dimension Main Machinery Speed Range

(tons)

Diesel electric; 16 surfaced; 15 380 at 2

299.5 x 24.6 x 3 Type 37-D dived Knots
1952 surfaced; 19.7 (91.3 x 7.5 diesels; 6000 dived;
2475 Dived x 6) hp; 3 motors; 20000 at
5400 hp; 3 8 kt
Shaft; 1 Surfaced
auxiliary motors

c. Torpedo

Type Bra No Launcher Guidance Range Wt of Reload Rmk

nd Location @ Sp Warh onboard s
Na (Fwd/Aft/ ead
me Mid)

22 SET- 10 x 6 forward Active/pa 15 km 205

65E/SAET 21 in ssive (8.1 n kg
-60 4 Aft homing miles)
at 40 kt

d. Mines

44 in lieu of torpedoes

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UNDERWATER PLATFORMS AND WEAPONS OF MYANMAR NAVY

0407. In 2020, the navy acquired its first submarine, a Soviet era Kilo-class submarine,
from India. The former INS Sindhuvir (S58) was refitted by Hindustan Shipyard
Limited before the handover. Now renamed UMS Minye Theinkhathu, the submarine is
to be used for training. It was first seen publicly on 15 October 2020 as part of a naval
fleet exercise (‘Bandoola 2020’). Indian navy is going to assist in training Myanmar to
operate the submarine effectively.. Considering the economic strength, initially she will
try to posses conventional submarine.

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