194 BD We form the Present Simple passive like this: (For information on the forms of regular past participles see Appendix 2 on page 243, and for irregular past participles see Appendix 3 on page 244.) BD We form the Past Simple passive like BD Look at these sentences: Notice that the object in the active sentence (cold drinks) is the same as the subject in the Passive sentence. We use the passive when it is ‘not important who does the action, or when we don't knaw wha does it These cars are made in Japan. (We don't need to say ..by Japanese workers:) This castle was built in the 12” century. (We don't know who built it, BD Now look at these examples: (i) Alfred Hitchcock was a great film-maker. He directed this film in 1956. (il This is a wonderful film. It was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. 1m (i) we use the passive because we have been talking about something (the film), and not the person who did it (Hitchcock). We use by to say who does, or did, the action: This film was directed by Hitchcock. B® complete these sentences using the correct form of the verbs from the box. Use the passive form of the Present Simple or Past Simple. build check found “hold erake produce sepa sell speak. wiite 4 Scotch whisky is made in Scotland, + The carwas repaired last week, 1 The Olympic Games every four years. 2. English in many countries. 3 Yesterday’ by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. 4 Carspeeds by radar. 5. The Channel Tunnel to connect Britain with Curope. 6 Souvenirs at all popular tourist places. 7 The first Volkswagen Beetles in 1937 8 The Times newspaper in 1785,{B Now write questions for the sentences in exercise A, using the passive form. @ Where is Scotchwhisky made? When was the car repaired? How often Where ervrauskunse z g = 1@ change the active sentences into passive sentences. Use the words in brackets (). We sell tickets for all shows at the box office. (Tickets for all shows/sell/at the box office) Tickets forall shows are. soldat the box office, 1. Thornas Edison invented the electric light bull. (The electie light bulb/invenit/ay Thomas Edison) 2 Someone painted the office last week. (The office/paint/last week) 3. Several people saw the accident. (The accident/see/by several people) 4 Where do they make these cars? (Where/these cars/make) 5 Six counties signed the agreement. (The agreement/sign/by six countries) 6 Astranger helped me. (Vhelp/by a stranger) 7 They don't deliver the post on Sundays. (The post/not/deliver/on Sundays) (B® complete the text using the correct active or passive form in brackets (). Fiat * was started (started/was started) by a group of italian businessmen in 1899. In 1903, Fiat” (produced/was produced) 132 cars, Some of these cars (exported/were exported) to the United States and Britain. In 1920, Fiat (started/was started) making cars at a new factory at Lingotta, near Turin There was a track on the factory roof where the cars * (tested/were tested) by technicians. In 1936, Fiat launched the Fiat 5U0. This car® (called ‘was called) the Topolino - the Italian name for Mickey Mouse. The company grew, and in 1963 Fiat ® (exported/was exported) more than 300,000 vehicles Today, Fiat is based in Turin, and its cars? (Gold/are sold) all over the world. 2 195BD Here is a summary of passive tenses. Note that a passive verb always includes a past participle (eg. repaired, taken). For more information ‘on past participles, see Appendices 2 and 3 on pages 243-4, » Present Simple: > Past Simple: > Present Perfect: > Past Perfect: > Present Continuous: > Past Continuous: > will, can, must, etc. BD inal passive sentences, the first verb (€ auxiliary verb) is singular ifthe subject is singular, and plural if the subject is plural: We also use the auxiliary verb to make questions and negatives: Have the books been packed? The bill hadn't been paid. {B® Make questions from the passive sentences in brackets (). (That car was made in Germany) Where was that car made? 1 (Mary was examined by the doctor this morning) When 2 (The food will be prepared on Friday) When 3. (This window has been broken three times) I low many times [BD Write the neaative forms of the sentences in brackets () from exercise A. © That car wasnocmade in Germany. 1 Mary 2 The food 3. This window(© Complete these passive sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets (). % Nowadays, most bread ismade (be/make) from white flour, 4 Two workers died while these houses were baing built: (be/be/build) 1 Good chips (be/make) from good potatoes. 2. You mustn't smoke while your car (be/be/fil) with petrol. 3 This work (must/be/finish) by this afternoon. 4. These bones (be/find) last year in a cave. 5 Some money (have/be/steal) from Tom's jacket. DD Moke these active sentences passive. Use a phrase with by. 4 Your manager must write the report The report must be written by your manager. The children are organizing the Christmas party. Ihe Christmas party is being organized by the children. 1 The French team has won the silver medal The silver medal 2 ADanish specialist was training the guard dogs. ‘The guard dogs 3 People ofall ages can play this game. This game 4. Alarge crowd was watching the match. The match 5. My daughter designed the decorations. The decorations 6 Two different teachers have marked the exams, The exams 7. Apolice car's following that green van, That green van {® complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets (). # The castle was built (build) in 1546. 4 These mountains can be seen (see) from a great distance. 1. These houses (build) in 1946. 2. The repairs must {finish) by tomorrow. 3. The room has (paint) in several different colours, 4 The decision has already (take), 5 The newsletter wil (send) tomorrow morning, 6 White wine can (make) trom red grapes. 7 The accident happened while the cars (load) anto the lorries. 8 Thenew models will etiver) next week. 97BD 100k at this sentence: I mend that broken window. Mary and Tim painted their flat. HV have that broken window mended. Ff Thecelliechaswa eee (= Someone will mend that window for me) co painters; they painted their flac. BD We sometimes use get instead of have: sawtnabladicnioall I must get my suit cleaned. have something done: Now look at this example: Jenny and John had their flat painted. x 1 € This cells us that Jenny and John wanted their fiat painted, and that someone painted it for them. Here are some more examples: Lucy is very cross. She had her bike stolen. Michelle is going to cut her hair. Here, we use have something done to talk ‘Michelle is going to have her hair cut. about something that happens to someone, (~ Someone is going to cut it for her.) usually something unpleasant. I lere is She washes her car every Sunday. another example: ‘She has her car washed every Sunday. The group had two concerts cancelled (© Someone washes her car for her) ‘because of bad weather. I must clean my suit this week. I must have my suit cleaned this week. ( I must pay someone to clean it for me) (B® Make sentences with a form of have something done for these situations. Use the correct tense. 4 srurnon: Tom's windows were dirty, but he didn't have time to clean them himself Last Saturday, Tom had his windows cleaned 11_sttuanion: The shop delivers Mary's food. Mary 2. smuanio: At the butcher's Jacob said, ‘Please cut the meat into small pieces. Jacob into small pieces. 3 smuxnon: The hairdresser cuts Rachel's hair about twice a year. Rachel about twice a year 4 smuxnon: last week, the optician checked Mr Stone's eyes Last week, Mr Stone 5 situanione Mrs Frost’s doctor says tw her: When you come to see me next week, Il check your biood pressure ‘When Mrs Frost goes to see the doctor next week, she 6 struxnion: Last week. the garage serviced Jasmine’s car. Last week, Jasmine 7 situation: A builder fs yuin tw mend the 1of utr our House. We ‘on our house, 198