VALIDATION CHECKLIST |PEC-BMS-EN-FRM-X-0206 IReviston:0| FILENAME: 182, Sleeper_Ver 0 xls DescRIPTION: Sleeper Design STD CALCULATION NUMBER: VALIDATION CHECKLIST NO: HAR-BMS-EN-VSS-C-1800 CALCULATION DESCRIPTION: Design of Pipe Sleeper Validation of Excet Spread Sheet Tips Sapa VaNCTOn of Creel Sprend Sheet ATTACHMENTS: oc Ro rip lrengs chart as-e110 Relevant Pages regarding Rf Design for Flemure, Shear, Punching GENERIC VALIDATION CHECKS ian fe cavetation ih Pearse Torna bes Pexofac too appled? bes Le Signature boxes complete? yes Tae ; Required Ne. aie User guide [Completed: [NA Revision 7 Description | For Design Date: == 8t By: oa ci qe opener TAD © Potrofac Enginesting Lid Business Management Systom PEL-BMS-STF-X1251VALIDATION CHECKLIST PEC-BMS-EN-FRIM-X-0206 Revision:0 FILENAME: Ji-182_Sleeper_Ver 0.xIs DESCRIPTION: Sleeper Design STD CALCULATION NO: VALIDATION CHECKLIST NO: HAR-BNS-EN-VSS-C-1800 VALIDATION SHEET DESCRIPTION: _Design of Pipe Sleeper Validation of Excel Spread Sheet, Wo RD 7 [one formula are correct lattach copy of formula sources Farmulae are correct |The formulae are used from BS Code. 7 [ORERK Toskcup tables are correct lAttach copy of table sources Look up Tables are correct |Attached Tengs Chart are unit conversions correct Jattach copy of unit conversion checks (Checked and round OF Not applicable all units are SI Check all necessary calls are locked and password protected. Only the input 4 |data should be edited Password chacked & Confirmed that all cells except input data are locked 182 3 [Test by independent engineer Tested & Tound OK [Attach Rand €ale and any alternative 6 [meta checks see hand calculations as attached ub |Back up created No a Shoot of ‘Petotee Engieonng Ua Business Management Oyaem PELBNS STF 1251Calculation Cover Sheet [Job No. Jr182_] Calculation No Rev. Page Of No [Customer Name: _|PF-eBMS [Contract Name: _|Validation of Spreadsheet for Sleeper Design [eTR Title [ere No Calculation Summary [Calculation Title_| Pipe Sleeper Design Validation of Excel Spread Sheet File Ref [criticality z Level: [Aim 7 Objective 'Validation of Spreadsheet for Sleeper Design Assumptions: None Used): BS-8110 'Tengs Chart References (Inelude Revision/ Amendment/ Edition Numbers/ Software Results and Conclusions: ‘The manual Calculation result are matching with spread sheet results, hence spread sheet is validated and found OK The same can be utilized for design of pipe Sleepers under 11182 Revision History ‘Self Checked | In-Discipline Check | Approval Check Rev. Reason for Revision Sign Sign Date ‘Sign oO For Design Saxe [qo] LR | j9-10-06 14-10-08 ‘© Petrofac Engineering Ltd Business aragement System Form: PELOMS-STFX1252 Rev 0Calculation Cover Sheet Job no. I-82 [Calculation No. Rev. Page of No. [Customer |PFI-eBNS Name: [Contract Validation of Spreadsheet for Sleeper Design Name: Contents List Print out of spread sheet calculation (anual Calculations (© Petrofac Engineering ts Business Nanagement System Form: PEL-BNS-STF. 4252 RevCalculation Sheet © Job No. 3-182 |€alculation No. Rev. [Page Of No. [Customer |PFreaMs Name: Contract | Validation of Spreadsheet for Sleeper Design Name: Ref. Calculation HIE | Refer Attached Manual Cal ‘© Petrofac Engineering Ltd Business Management System Form: PEL-BMS-STF-¥-1252 Rev 0Manual Calculation Title: Excel Sheet Title: Comparison of Results Pipe Sleeper Validation of Excel Sheet Sleepoer Design # [Parameter Excel Sheet | Manual Calculation] Variation %] Acceptable Results Result Variation % 5% 7_[FOS FOR STABILITY | Siing 38.33] 3833, ___ 000%) OK. ’b [Overturhing @ KAN 89.43] 33.43] 0.00%) _ OK. 7 [BEARING PRESSURE ‘a [Net Gross Pressure 34.56 3413| 1.24% OK 3_ [REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED. a [Along X-Direction 35 325[___0.00%| OK. ’b [Along Z-Direction 325) 325] 0.00%] OK. 4 |SHEAR STRESS ‘a_[At Section -1 D113] oral 0.00%] OK [At Section -2 0.058 0.058] 0.00% OK. 3 [PUNCHING SHEAR ‘a_|At Column Face 0.707 D107] __0.00%| OK [At 1 5d Distance 0.032] 0.032) 0.00%| OK 6_[MOMENT CARRYING CAPACITY 2287 25| 2382) 2.83% OK [ADDITIONAL CHECKS: 7_ [Look up Values Vis Teng’s Chart Refer Isolated Footing @ [Moment Capacity of Columns Excel vis BS-8110 Part-3 Refer Isolated Footing Since all the variations are within ac Hence the same can be used for de siign sptable limit of 5% the excel sheet is validatedClent :_.... PBO a JobNo : Th-182, Page : at _of Projec Arwes, Cluster Pud Fac Prep by: HR Date :_ Subject: Pare OLeerar Desian. ck’'d by ~.. Date VAuipation OF Excen Can. SHEET : Eo2_of Page : 8 Date Date Prep by Ck'd by,Client Project : Date Subject ae Date 2 | Petrofaca of Page Job No Client: ~ Petrofac Prep by: ck’d by : Project Subject_ Page :.a5_of Job No Date Date Prep by: Ok’d by PetrofacJopNo + Page : 06. of Client: : = Project : H _.. Prep by: Date + Subject: Ck'd by: Date con sy. benal ke Yehopoteadk rot Ferrera) Akemi) (OK)|Petrofac Client: Project : Subject + Ciel F100; t G ps CL? oe Bit rei 3 Age ska fet Fete Ch mm a | & (8 coe gS cA & 19 oh oS z i So z ee See i = of | 6. 2 Ht Al o | de} uv tei é * 8 s— = 3 re]Client Project Subject: gon Fok Monetr 0 Sue Ao| Here to 4 bl _ JobNo : _ Page :.03 of Prep by: Date : ck'd by: il tt Nomen PetrofacClient Job No _.. Page : .99._ of Project Prep by: Date 2. Subject : Ck'd by: Date Ae ee CET { rf i] L Pebimeler ob Rededtal face, f DT b= pxzaoo an it Ld L I rt iT i r tokio | Hlowibree Abus, 2. = Vt Peet Haale | PEG Sod wh? S 0:05 noe” (010), “Petrofact Petrofac so x (0 428 412) ooxe@oot ont ~b8 BB SSD 33Page : 11. of. _ Date : Clent : Project : Subject —}hPetrofacClient + Project : Subject : ~|Petrofac-suuwntad verniuezsay foes Part 3 2Uw/N- 2UG/W a 2 w OF 6B 8 £ Chart No. 35 BS 8110: oh EG cy t PART#3 85 BM UL24bb7 022390 6 BH 8 z 3 s i 28 “BST BS*8L10 sy nd i Iata'Spox technolo msSleeper Design HAR-BMS-EN-VSS-C-1800 0 Spread Sheet SLEEPER DESIGN Petrofac E&C Business Management System Doe No. HAR-BMS-EN-VSS-C-1800 Revision lo bate 18/10/2006 s1182_Sleeper_Ver 0 x's, 1. Front / Page 1 of 1Sleeper Design HAR-BMS-EN-VSS-C-1800 0 Revision history Rev Date Description of Change 0 18/10/2006 |For Design under JI-182 Approval Authority: (Enter Role Title) Owner Developer Reviewer Approver Indrajit Chowdary | Sanjay Kumar Goyal K J. Rao Indrajit Chowdary Records of approval are retained in the BMS/Quality Department summary [The spreadsheet is developed for design of Isolated Footing As per requiren, ats of BS-8110 to be used under project JI-182 CONTENT Worksheet Front Page Control Page Index General Sleeper Input Details Footing Design Pedestal Summary Schedule Fos wervausuns 3 4i182_Sleeper_Ver O.xls 2 Control / Page 1 of 1Client: PDO JobNo: Ji-182 Page: of Doc No : HWLX-XXXXXXX-1D-4, Rev-0 Prepared by : SKG Date : 18/10/2006 Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper Checked by: PCP/KJR Date : 18/40/2006 CONTENTS GENERAL Introduction Assumptions/Design Considerations Methodology References Sleeper Input Details DESIGN DATA Material Data Geometrical Data Load Data FOOTING DESIGN Check For Stability Against Sliding & Overturning Check For Net Bearing Pressure Check For Moment & Shear PEDESTAL DESIGN SUMMARY OF RESULTS SCHEDULE OF SLEEPERS Loading data shestClient: PDO JobNo: JI-182 Page: of Doc No : HWL-XXXXXXXX-1D-4, Rev-0 Prepared by : SKG Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper Chockod by : PCP/KIR. 1.0 GENERAL 1.4. Introduction The scope of this document is Design of pipe sleepers, The design calulations are carried out in different parts 1 Calculation of stability of foundation 2 Design of foundation 3. Design of pedstal 1.2. Assumptions/Design considerations 1. Seismic load is NOT applicable inthis project. 1.3 Methodology ‘This sheet is used for the design of pipe sleepers. Piping loads, foundation dimensions and pedstal dimensions are given as input. Stability ofthe foundation in bearing pressure, over tuming and sliding is checked, Reinforcement required in the footing is calculated Fooling is checked for ene way shear and punching shear Reinforcement required in the pedstal is calculated All the results are tabulated in the summary sheet 1.4. References 1, HWL-0-0002-003 CivivStructural design basis 2, BS8it0 Structural use of concrete 3 Geotechnical investigation report 4 Piping load data sheetOry 9 ze 007 oF 002. Ob b svo| ez | Vb | sz £0 $0 zat _joc'r8 joo NI PLS + Buzeds| 60%] £9 |-son |S fouveds| 2 fouseds| £2 | twa fiwia] wa] wrfwraa|wro|ano] 2 | 4 | x4 | soqumy | aiosa Tes fot 30 ee Tmo uoddns edig| * an Ped og [us atatso, [i420 JONLL0O4 40 az || wasaaaa | fe | (wy) avoT acta JOYS [29xq JO UOHEPIEA! oe + S00z/0H81: APG | 105 sadaaIg odid 40 ubiseq :roelans| sg. ot ilnaaenih ; Hi za kaXd VE | PE | YE [soy siosoey peor ‘STIVLAG LNdNI Hadas1S $bJob No: JI-482 Propared by : SKG ‘Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper Checked by : PCPIKJR For Validation of Excel Sheet 2.0 DESIGN DATA suwkd eta 2.4 MATERIAL DATA: Grade of Concrete F, 35 Nimm? Yield Strength of reinforcement = 460 Nim? ‘Unit Weight of Concrete Te = 24. KNim? Unit Weight of Soil y. = 18 KNim* Unit Weight of Backfill yy = 18 KNim? — [S.8.C.= 78 KNim® Net allowable bearing pressure = 75 KNim? —_ [Stress increase factor = 1.00, serene tamer | al eee oe eae a 2.2 GEOMETRICAL pe : af clb3. Fy oe ee a] Fos 8 \ “Water Tab) { a th of Footing, Peas} jm 23 LOAD DATA (+ve value of FY implies compression In Pedestal) Projection of padestal above ground (a) Load for Stability (Seeper Hos LIC FY x FZ Wx wiz ea NA Wiss a Taz (b) Utimate load combination for concrete design. [sor Lic FY x Fz wx wz eTaN Doi] T1382 o 2288. (€) Load combination for bearing pressure check: piowr luc FY x FZ] WK] we Taina ai] 8r D ia T 7JobNo: Ji-182 Page Client : ‘Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper Checked by : PCPIKJR For Validation of Excel Shoot of Propared by : SKG Date : 18/10/2006 Prep 3.0 FOOTING DESIGN Lb 3.1 CHECK FOR STABILITY AGAINST SLIDING AND OVERTURNING Pa (@) ising F2=1 62 F=162 ‘Sing force in X direction = Fx = ON Siding force in Z dection = F 162 KN Resultant force = F = (Fx°+Fz")?* 162 KN 10° 0 +1 6271 62)95) Resisting fetonal force = Py 6209 KN (21852204) F+Footing weight + Pedestal weight +Soll weight- Buoyant force = 15522 KN FOS against sliding = 38.33 (6200162) (OK. as value greater than permissible value (6) Overturning about 2 Foroes acting at botiom of footing about Z FY 81.30 kN Mag = (M2 #Fy¢(101D) (0.00 kN-m —( +0*(125+025) Seif Weight of Foundation = 18.48 KN 26°71 1"28*028) Weight of Pedestal 2520 KN, 24°03 "28"125) Weight of Backfi 3024 KN, arc r2eas"28y( 1925) Buoyancy force (000 KN ——_{Wlor Tab Seow Founda) 05 “Taking moment about P paiss22 | ‘Overturning moment due to Tension = 078 ‘000 kN Overturing moment = lng = LAN ] 0.00 kN-m 025 055 Total overturning moment DOO} 0+ Restoring Moment BSSTIkNm — (8 teases 20 A708) Factor of safely against overtuming = 85 37 /0: NA (O.K.as value greater than permissible value (6) Overturning about x Forces acting at bottom of footing about X F 81.20 kN Mxtot = (Mx +F2*(lo*D)) = 2.43 kN (e #162"( 125 +025) Self Weigt of Foundation 148 KN (20"11"28°025 Weight of Pedestal 2520iN (2003928125 Wight o baci = S24 kN efbe(s12803"20)11025) Buoyancy force 200 HN (era nlowFoeon PHS 07 Taking moment about P Qverturing moment due to Tension = Vv wie TT opin = Cverturning Moment = Mix 14 2s kn Totalovertrning moment = [2aSfiatm 0-24 Restonng Moment BATAAN (481368425 24024408 7 3112 4 Factor of safety against Overturning = restoring Moment / over turning Moment 99.43 ‘OK. as value greater than permissible valueClient: PDO. JobNo: Jl82 Doc No : HWL-X200X-XXX1D-4, Rev-0 Prepared by : SKG Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper ‘Checked by : PCPIKJR: For Validation of Excel Sheet Page: of Date : 18/10/2008 Date : 18/40/2008, For Validation of Excel Sheet 3.2. CHECK FOR NET BEARING PRESSURE Gross vertical load Py = Fy Weight of Fotng incucng pedestal Wright of back Total Moment about X = Mg, = Nit F(lo*D) 2.43 kN-m Tol MareaboutZ= Mee Ms sor) ooo Km eet MpiPy= 0000 Mee No Tomion noting we Wepre 200602 eB, No Tensonin Fst : ge SP gy Bee 5 Oe LB L B . 5255 5258 4824 «4824 Knim? A 185.22 kN. (0 +162"(125-+029) (0+0°(1259028) (201185 22) (02483155 23 pt pe eS pa (If there is negative gross pressure then it will be corrected 7 Mx? 43, using Teng's Chart) ra ev = 0.00 eB = 0.01 ’sign Convention From Teng’s chart value of k= Maximum Gross Pressure = K*P/BL = 52.56 |KNim® — (=1049°15522/(28°1 1)) Net pressure intenstes under the footing is given By Pli= 3458 KNimt PSpa = 9028 KN? P= 3456 KNim? Poe 3024 KN? ‘Maximum net pressure intensity = 3456 KNim® << 7Shence OK.PDO JobNo: J4182 Doc No: HWL-X-XXXXXXX1D-4, Rev) Propared by : SKG Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper Checked by : PCPIKJR For Validation of Excel Sheet 3.3 CHECK FOR MOMENT AND SHEAR, Net pressure generated below footing due to utimate load Gross vertical load Py = Fi Weight of Fecting indcng pedestal Weight of back fil = 21731 KN Total Moment about X ket E{lo¥D) = 340 kN — (-04227*(125 +028) Total Moment about Z = Mos = Mz+ Fx(lO+D) = 000 KN-m — (040"(125 +025) ee MapiPy= 000M. ‘e 1 [ors pees tt p= —1 a0 Pe s0105= “25 0m) 5492 5523 5492 FACTOREDPRESSUREISIRBUTIVATALIENTPOKTS ORICA SECTIONS FOROUENT AND rene Moment atthe Cite! secon 1 TOON mim Width of (28 2apar os sAep Footing Shear atcteal secton 1 TO iN easuanny0s200520>11) Sheer at ctcal secon 2 NAIN Tensile Reinforcement: 00188 aieesras2y 18500 mm ——_(rfB5YO 6SORTIOZ54010 9) 17575 mm 95°85) Hence z= 17575 mm a (1 1757) A= M0 95, (000 maim (0°10 (09545071575) Minimum Reinforcement 0 13% = 325.00 mmf (© 13100070 251000109) Regd Spacing of 10 mm dia bar 242 mm. 00's. 409740325) Provided Spacing 200mm —— [Aasprodes 393 mmm Refer Clause 3.11,3.3BS.8110 Dasign Concrete shear stress v. = 0.514 Nim? (ReterTetie9 60188 8110) Segion 1 _Ulimate shear stress v. 0.000 Nimm? —— @0/(1 1185) Max. allowed 0 6vf,, or 5 MPa= 4733 Nimm* OK (Clause 3552) 0000 Nimm? = 0) (OK (ease 345102 Tae3 16 ‘Secon? —_Utimete shear stress v Maximum allowed »,= 0511 Nim?Client: PDO JobNo: Jk82 Page: of Doc No: HWL-XXXXXXXX1D-4, Rev-0 Prepared by: SKG Date : 18/10/2008 ‘Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper Checked by : PCPIKIR Date : 18/10/2006 For Validation of Excel Sheat Te Gheckfor Punching Shear ‘Refer Olause 317.5 BS-B110 LEGeNps — Footing — Pasestal = = Punching Perimeter (15d From Pedestal) cBrad= MINeé30 1328) 2.800 CLe8d= nNo3+ 301911). 870m Area Outside Perimeter Ut= (1128-28 "087 0644 sqm Ay Pressure Outside U1 = [5497-45492 +8018+5019)4 S26 KN'sqn Punching Load for Ut = overt 33.85 KN d= average of effective depth in two directions = 490mm 95 4059/2) Up =2(CB*CL} = 15600 mm (-2128-0371000) U =U, #120= 5600 mm (0°2428"2)*7000 For Us For U; Maximum ultimate Vertical load on column Fy = 113.82 KN 33.845 KN timate shear stress for Us *113820 1 (6800"190) 01070 Nene? Max allowed 0 vf, or 5 MPa= 4733 Nimm? OK Utimate shear stress for U; = 33845 / (800190) = 0.082 Nimm* Maximum allowed ve 0511 Nimm? OK.Client: PDO JobNo: Ji182 Page: of Doc No : HWL-XXXXX-XXX1D-4, Rev-0 Prepared by : SKG Date : 18/10/2008 Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper ‘Checked by : PCPIKJR Date : 18/10/2008 For Validation of Excel Sheet ‘4-0 PEDESTAL DESIGN Size of Pedestal Cl= 300 Width of Pedestal CB 28m Length of Pedestal CL = 03m cB= Height of Pedestal, lo= 125m 2801 x Design Parameter: Clear Cover to Reinf 78 mm THe Grade of Concrete F. 36 Nimm? Zz Yield Strength of reinf. Fy = 460 Nimm? Pedestal Cross Section Unit wt of Concrete yo = 24 kNIm® (einforcements are indicative only) Young Modulus of steel, Es = 205000 Nimm? Coverd 91. mm Gnctudina sirup bor cia 12 of main bar dia) 42mm No of Bar on CL Face = 2 32 No of Bar on CB Face 16 Depth considered in calc, h = 28m \Width considered in calc, b = 03m Effective depth d =(2 8-0 091) 2.708 m Ultimate Design forces Load Combination nos = 201 ‘Axial load Pu = 149.10 kN. (yet Pedestal) — 138242809" 26TH 4 ‘Shear along X direction, Fx = OKN Shear along Z direction, Fz 2.268 KN Moment about X axis, Moc 2e4kNm — GheFet) (-0+-225801 25) Moment about Z axis, Miz = 0.00 KNm —(erexio) 0+07128) Design Calculation : ‘Axial & flexural load capacity check Effective lenath of Pedestal, | 275m (22%) (Ref Table 3198 3.20, 856110) (Ref 0138130i883t10) leICB 0.98 < 10 short column lelCL = 92 < 10 short column (RofCI3845,8S8110) = 10 Conservative (Ref Tle 322 BS 8110) Enhanced Moment Mu 2.84 Nem o44sFe fe Ref Ci 384 5, BS 8110 (Mu=2 8447 8-0 091}(0 30 091)0) Strain in compression reinf, esc= 0.000958 Strain in tension reint, est = 0072187 2708 Stress in Comp. rein, fsc = 196 30 Nimm? Stress in Tension reinf, fs 438 10 N/mm? a Depth of NA from comp face,x= 1283 mm Total Area of reinf provided, As 3619 mm? Strain Diagram Stress Diagram 3360 mm? (refer Table 3 25 of BS 8110) {= 0004"28 703" 10%) As > Asmin, o.k. For Axial load Pu 149.10 kN Moment capacity M! 2287 25 KN-m > Mu hence OK Total Area of min reinf , Asmir Provide 12 mm dia bar Nos 32 equally distributed on each faceClient: PDO Job No: Ji-182 Page: of Doe No : HWL-X-XXXX-XXX-1D-4, Rev-0 Prepared by : SKG Date : 18/10/2006 ‘Subject: Design of Pipe Sleeper Checked by : PCPIKJR Date : 18/10/2006 For Validation of Excel Sheet ‘Shear capacity check Ref Cl 31271838468858t10 ‘Shear Stress developed ev = 0.003 Nimm” <0 8(fou)"2 ok rofer CI3.4.5 201 BS 8110) Area of reinf for shear check = 904 8 mm? (Aste = 2619/4) Allowable shear stress ra = 0.228 Nimm? > (RefTabe38, 288110) 2 Minimmum Sear Relat 10mm ok, nos Spacing of Stirups= 140 ‘Area of shear steel Asv = 471mm = AsviSv= 337 >=027,0k Spacing required Sv 1716 mm 04" 300 /(095"480)= 0.27 Spacing provided Sv 140 mm <= 144, 0k Provide 6 Leg 10mm dia Stirrups @140mm cle Check for Clear Spacing between Main Vertical Bars Clear Spacing Bet'n Bars on CL Face= —(300-2°91)/1-12 4108 mm Clear Spacing Bet'n Bars on CBFace = (2H0-2°81)/15-12= 162.5333 mm Allowable Minimum Glear Spacing = MAK (25 +5, 12)= 30 mm Consider Maximum Size of Aggregate 25 mm ok. Estimated Service Stress in R/f Bars = (2/8)°F "AS awed Spee) ofr Eq B8S-8t10 fs= 2731480 °3 (2087) = 0.4 Nimm* Allowable Maximum Clear Spacing = wn (4700004),300}= 300.0 mm Refer Cause 31211 24 85-8110 ok. ASeqiee & AS proves €7€ proportionate to Actual Momemnt (Mu) and Moment Carrying Capacity (M1)nae aa ara pore — [rT ffs Talares [esas | ea TA Pawn | ganna te fan ano [sina [sud snd sous | oth, | oe ron ine janwen| on [ace | 210 | x10 fuss | onsen Se Lae — aT eegENG EAR, —| Bae @ seer areacrpocc ona rong horas men aren ap ere sums so snmne 0wmupyr® Bor leat ace| coz Oeil [oo Seip; L ozo [ee |r ez £0 50 Enis Tr 0} 140) DH | (wa | (wa | (wh | (wes | ( (ua aaquinn, srevnss — | yarns | OMEN | BUC | BION entoos so snoay | uoddng | AO HAG” SNILOOd 40 3ziS_ fvisaaad 40 azis| 4HOGH edid {INaNZONOANIau 9 3216 NOUVaNNOd JO AUVNINS aE SEE 4 6 a 9 ote} 4 aia M SS 4343518 40 31NG3HOS 09 ‘S00zrOvaD ea TUrodod + Ra poNsaTD Tedoaig odig yo ubisoq 3aeiqng ‘OnS : Aq pavedaig O-A8Y PCO 000K TMH | ON 900, zebir ON Gor Odd WeldFactor of Safety for Serviceability Check : Nos of Load Gaso=