ANATONICAL LANOHARKS

Anatomico ondergros Pr the rol

Irailing Jo

a ruchutes . lobial frenung

b. labial Veslbule Cuctal Prenum d Dutial vehicule e Harulor nolch F Past Palatal
seal

9. Supporting structures ) Dnboar, stress

(Abearing ove'a

postero-lateral slopes of residual alveolar widge B 120 - stress beaning

Hard

Polale

Mallory tuberosity Rugac

Limihing 1. Labidy

glisafold of mulous membrane Present in the midline that extends from labial aspect
of the Tesi dual noge to the lipi gt

structures Frenum

contains

no musule or achon of its own 91 ps allommodated by pro Provid G notch in the a

labial Plange of the denklere

2. labiol Vestibule lo (P18)

According ridge bounded

The

On one side by

Poi hor of oral cavity that od olveobt the

is B

the teeth, gingi lips

on the bullal frenum. sides frono labial Frenurs to buccal and

extends on both -frenum and hoses the labial Pla Flange of the denture lip.
Obicaanis on Forns
. The main muscle of the the labial Vestibule.

the outer surface of by 맵 the support given

on the labial denture clonge and posteno teeth. From the Sunction of congenic to
the teeth and not from The main support from Hot the upper lip is obtained the
periphery

It's tone depend depends

3 Bullal Frenum

91 separates the labial and butia l vestibulo and overlies the levator anguli on's
muscle

lgt has attachments of the follow beneath the trenum muscles a levator anguli on's
Attache pulls the frenum in a forward

b. orbiculan's ons direction. back

C. Buccinator - Pulls the frenum in the forward

derechon.

4 Buliai Vestibule - gt extends from the bucal frenum to the homed on of the
derture:

notch and house & the buttal flange

945 size Vanes Loith: o contraction of buccinator o Posillon of mandible o Amount

of bone lost from maxilla.

Harular Doich

91 Ps a depression Present between the maxillons and plerygoid hamulus.

rosity tuberosit

It is the distal termination of the denture. The denture should never extend onto
the Pterygoid ha mulus modeup

The mucosa bontains o thick Submulosa loose area lor Hissue: This can displaced to
achiev a be safely

Posterior palatal seal - Pterygomondibular ligoment is attached to the hombus and

provision made for its rollemen .

5.

6 Posterior Palatat seolAccording to PT. The soft tissues junction of the hard and
soft

of op along the Palates on which pressure coithin the physiological limits of the
hissues can be applied by a denture to aib in the retention

of the denture. 10

-Postenior Palatal seal is identified as the area between the anterior and postenor
Uploroihing lines

. vibrotin g line line armss the postenor

. vibrotin

line An

line across the posterior part of plate barcik the drursion betroen

mbuable and immovable Whissues of the Bofl. Palole this can be idenh'fied Lohen the
movable los ore

(HPT 8). Antenor vibr line 2 vibrating

NA imaginong line the

at of

the hard junction of the o Hached tissuel overlying Palate and the immediale
movable hasue the soft Polate..

- The anterior Vibrating line is not a straight line, . but fakes the shape of
cupid's bow.

-gtpo located by: • Valsalva manoeuvre Patient is

asked to hold

good blow through the nose This Low Plate the soft pola tev in periorly of the
sunction of the hard Donate and the sunction con ke marked.

both nostals and

It can also be located lah' In short say by instructing the to s the patient
Agorous .

- com oleo be located by instructing the pohon м in Ghar Igorous beasts

lo

say o posterior vibrailing

le

line at the Junchion Of Weaponeurosis Op the ensor Velipo Hip muscle and the
musculature of the sot Palale. yginary

An

car con be toca ded by inshuching the patient Io lo short bursts buto nomal,
to unere ggerated manner. The seal also consists of Foo separate but con Flugh

say

Creaplengomoman • pest phtotal slal exteride through the hamular notch for 3-4 mm
anterola: opproximating the mucogingival junction

Post Palatal ceal extends medio tuberosit From one rosity medionly Ho Onother

Functions OP Poslenat palatal seal (a) impression Hay - Establishes Politive

contact

posteriorly and prevents Impression cash material from Sliding down the Pharynx.
wuides the OF Impression tray soft tissue positioning

- creates slight displacement of Hells vent retention and seal of Potential

denture border.

(0) Lomplele denture

Function is relention of monary denture Reduced pahent Oloorene reflex by reducing

of this area beneath the gag

Prevents Food accumulation Posterior aspect of denture. discomfort when contact

Redules Patient's occurs between dorsum of of tongi tongue

and posterior

Part of denture compensates for volume mic Shrinkage that eoccurs s - les rues
during polymerization of mothy nethoogle

resins.

Supporting Shichures Made Up Or too maxnlae and the Palatine bone.

1. Hard Poole

The mucosa

Ps berolinized throughout the hard nalale posterolater and the horizonti pornon
lateral to moraline provides

least behoort at it also undergoes support 1 resorption

the

a. Rugae Raised areas

of dense connective tissue present in antenor one third of the palate

support to the monia denture. 9V resists Anterior displacement of denture. This
provides the secondary llarg

A)

2. Besidual widge - The Porto of the residual bone and Pts Soft tissue that remain
ople the removal of teeth LAPT8) lovening

The crest of maxillam residual alveolar ridge suppor 10 os it is subject resorption

Prourdes good can bes d

but

to secondary stress- beaning

2. Moxillan, Tuberosity bulbous extendion of the Isa

residual ridge In the second and third molar reg . Tosterior Port of region

tuberosit resorbs and therefore ly the forel is

support to the maxill denture among illary

most important oreas providing roviding

Limiting 1. lobid frenum

Otisafold of mulous membrane Pies midlin

in the

be

+ Relief Areas These areas

resorb under constant lo ador how contain Progile structures within. d. In G'sive
Papilla

-gt is a medline structure situated behind here

(entral locsors. Og should be relieved if not, the denture

will compress the bonessels or nerves and lead to nerosis of the distributing oma:
The naso palahine nenvies and bloodu&sels Pass Houg

the foramer sub. Mid-Polotine Rophe

and between

he

b. Mid-Palotine Raphe

This is the median suture area a thin submulos a. Lgt should be relieved during
denture most sensitule part of
sered by covered

Fabrication, This area is the the

Palate to pressure. , is in the

In the lealth the result that the mulos a layer close Foy Pa Polo ting entact with
the underlying bone. in the drests

Fovea Polo ting contact co

Fovea is Forro ed by coalescence of the dues of several mucous g. Non Hands... Put
Palatina also influentes

Position of the border of

Forrea

the position of posterior the denture. The den Hure an extend 1-2 mm 1-2 mm beyond
the

Poveo Palatina. - Thist acts as C cinct bitton guide to locate the

Posterior border of the denture

of the fovea spreads as a thin film on the denture there by oiding in retention.

The secreton

d Cuspid Eminenle gt is a bony elevation on the residual .

forme d orled

extraction of

alues torridge the canine

-lgt is located

between the canine and First plemolar

region.

Anatomical landmarks

in the mondible:

() Cimiting structures # Lir Lobidi frenuro

Lobial vesh bule Buccal frenum Qucial Vestibule

lingual Menum Aldeolo lingual Sullus Retro mula pads Pterygomo go mandibular

raphe .
ting structures Bullall shelf area Residual cilveolar hidge supporting

Relief Areas

west of the gesidual Olveolar wedge

(62

*C

Mental Foramen Genial tubercles Tonis

o mandibulan's

# limiting structures 1. Labid Prenum

The mandibular Tobial frenum contains a bond

of

the orbiculans this o

labial vestibule

11.

1. labial Vestibule This Po the space between the residuol aluecht

ridge length

and the lips.

nor the lobial Flange of the denture se limited interions that are inserted close
to the crest of the by isrue lobi

ridge.

31). Bulla) Frenum Buccal frenum forms the divi the

dividing line between H labial and bucal vestibule. Frena may may be single or doul
diurding

Overlies depressor anguli ons and moves verwony and tally wide clearance Clearance
must be provided

2on

needs

in the denture. to avoid dislodgement Cucco vestibule :Bucal vestibule extendo

posteriorly from the ballal aspect of the Ftenge frenum to the posterior latesa

re homolor Pad

The buccinator muscle Pn Fluentes the extent of the flange The denture is very
coide in this area
The distobultal area of the buliol Flange must conta ropidly to accommodate the
anterior fiberes of the mosselel muscle Lohich pass outside the buccinato in this
region. illnmmodated and Telor de regi TER

region. cohen pöperly coulommodated and recorded this result in a notch in the
denture called masse tenie notch 5. Retromolar pada The retromolar Pad is a of the
distal end of the residdel hidge. mangular pad of hissue The antenor portion of the
triangel lel is keratinized

tissu molar

e of the rem nont gingiu a of the third

in this

Colled Pear-shaped pod.

le is composed The posterior Ospect of the mong epithelido;. loose

of thin, Donkerohinized Connechive tissue; glandular tissue; fr bers, of the tem

porolis tendon and of the buccinator and superior constrictor muscles, and the
plery go ndibular raphae.

-The denture should cover the retromdar pad because of the support and lack of
long-term Cortical bone resorption .

Anidhor attachment of the tongue and Overlies Cinques Frenum geniogiocous muscle.
usually, occursa nomow 9+ should be accommodated notchin the mandibular denture.
Extremely resistant and active has

single band. as a

vii) Akeolo lingual sullus between the

91 is the space tongue and Tes idual bidge and extendo the lingual frenum to the
the retrom omylohyoid certain

from

divided into three regions. ouommodates the vengual Flange ondes

(0) Anlenor region Also called Fold legion

sublingual

sublingual gt extends from the li lingual frenum to the lohyoid

Premy 6)

eminenle

Gescent Oreo or

Middle Extends from the Preroy lo hyoid Fossar to the distal end of the mylohyoid
Hage Wring medially from the bo dy of the handible Hiddle region

is made to The lenguol flange of the mylohyoldridge towards the tongue and can
extend below the in this area .

slope level

(Dicholingual segon The Flange Passes

in to te mo may lohyoid turns latera laterally the ramus.

oid tossa and

iso shape of the Flange combination of of lingual side of the mandible and as

- The plange in this legion completes dictated the by

orch Form retrom Fossa. retromglohyoid Foota.

They

Plerygo mandibular raphane Prolet of the medial pleny goi Oltached to the my
longold ridge go mandibular rophee Oriero d superior

From the har

Plate and

gets

Conto chor 16 inserted Posters medias

the bullinator is inserted

conterolaterdly,

Prominent in some patients where a denture

94 PS notch live relief

may be required on the .

Gupporting strutture

yang

UPP)

structure A Shelp onea

Supporting Cuccal

91 is bounded by: Medially 8f

the Edge lateral Extend oblique Frenum

ridge Anteroly Distany buctal retromblar Pad is the

crest

Buccal shelf, are between the mandibular buca) Frenum

mulle

The shelf Ps dense cortical. bone and lies at night angles to Vertical Occlusal
forces, there are Eet o Prime Primary stress bearing area for He denter.

e Residuoi cilveolar The

slopes OP Provide mole Guppor

the Occidual than the

. dud to the bature of the underlying better and the crest in the Ordilute.

The west of the residual alveolar ridge lissue

But the underlying bone Ispongy tra by fibrous connechve Fra berulde

is covered PS (ancellous made up

of Loithout a good cortical plate covering

Henle, e is not the rest of the mandibular ridge suitable as

a Stress Primary bearing

Relief Areas

Relief Areas 11. Crest of residual

olueolor ridge This area con sometimes be or lonifeedge d

Then it needs to be relieved

present as sharp, sping

(0) Mylohyoid Ridge - Mylohyoid ridge the andible is a lingual aspect om the
mandible

prominence along the

Adleniorly the wage lies Close to the inferior border of mandible wokile
posteriorly. It lies Flush with the residual ndge.

with Peophon and

Prominent
, by the destur base Relief may be necessing

the mylohyoid video e sharp easily

con beton

Houten

Yo such

may necessary Nental or men

Below the alveolar Du + continued with

hinge mentol foramen Wrest of the Edge and Lan betonne be

11. Lauses The denture Mental rendes ond is provided blood

Pressure On He nenie of lower lap.

iv. Genial tubercles:

odline

corpion of we da Poor Honed tom pressed by 병 Loin then to

at the

the denten

press the vessels unless tehef

Cause numbness

benigl Hubercles are o dense cortical prominente of the in fenor border of the
mondible at the lingual

- They re present the sous le attachment of the fogods us vouscles in denture

border

They only become relevant When there is extensive resorption of the

residual ridge.

yes

Relief

herbe

SUCH

Relief

may y V. Mandibular 'ton

be necess setes

Nordibutor ton are lingual bila lesai proces spanies of

they may They may They require can be Fabricated on they be usually Loveled Loith
Keral nized roodblesse removal before a denture

extend Poslenor to the

Oreo

Gamaller tor require relief in the denture

may only