Contoh Logical Fallacy

1) Strawman
 Aku bermain gadget agar lebih pintar dan update situasi terkini, ayah.
 Sewaktu kita unfollow teman di media sosial, karena dia jarang posting, tapi
dia berfikir kita seakan tidak mau berteman
 Ketika kita ada hajatan, karena pandemi kita hanya mengundang keluarga.
Teman /tetangga yang tidak kita undang, merasa bahwa kita anti sosial dan
tidak mau bertetangga.
2) Slippery slope
 Laki laki yang sudah mapan akan memilih wanita yang cantik karena dia
memiliki kuasa dalam memilih pasangan
 Kalau kamu memberikan minuman gratis untuk satu orang, maka kamu perlu
memberikan perlakuan serupa untuk semua orang.
 Kalau di Indonesia banyak tenaga kerja asing, maka kita akan kembali dijajah.
3) Hasty generalization :
 Karena sering tersakiti maka beranggapan semua cowok itu brengsek.
 Semua cewe yang suka pulang malam dianggap habis melakukan hal buruk.
 Ayah saya merokok 2 bungkus setiap hari selama 20 tahun, dan dia tidak
memiliki masalah kesehatan. Merokok tidak berbahaya!”

Constructing arguments :

Point 3

a) Abortion throughout pregnancy is legal.

a) Abortion during pregnancy is legal.
The rise of abortion cases makes us confused whether abortion is legal or not.
abortion during pregnancy is legal according to article 75 paragraph (1) that, everyone
abortion is prohibited. However, in Article 75 paragraph (2) there are provisions
regarding the exception to the prohibition on abortion with certain indications,
namely:
1. a medical emergency detected at an early age in pregnancy, whether
threatens the life of the mother and/or fetus, who suffers from severe genetic disease
and/or congenital defects, as well as those that cannot be repaired making it difficult
 the baby lives outside the womb; or
2. pregnancy due to rape which can cause psychological trauma for
rape victim.
Article 76 of the UUK provides details that abortion can only be carried out:
200
a. before 6 (six) weeks of pregnancy calculated from the first day of menstruation
lastly, except in the case of medical emergencies;
b. by health workers who have the skills and authority to
have a certificate determined by the minister;
c. with the consent of the pregnant woman concerned;
d. with the husband's permission, except for rape victims
e. health service providers who meet the requirements set by the minister.

b) Abortion throughout pregnancy is criminal.

The act of abortion is not in accordance with the norms of decency and
religious norms. The act of abortion is said to be criminal if the perpetrator performs
an abortion that is not in accordance with medical regulations, intentionally kills the
baby in his womb that is more than 6 months old, and is considered a crime if it can
harm the perpetrator. Article 347 of the law is as follows:
1) Any person who intentionally aborts or terminates the womb of a woman without
consent, shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of twelve years.
2) If the act causes the death of the woman, she shall be subject to a maximum
imprisonment of fifteen years.

In the explanation of Law no. 23 of 1992 article 15 stated as follows:

Paragraph (1): Medical action in the form of abortion for any reason is prohibited
because it is contrary to legal norms, religious norms, moral norms and decency
norms.
So we should avoid bad actions that harm ourselves and embarrass ourselves.

c) The death penalty for serious corruption is humane.

d) The explanation of Article 2 paragraph 2 of Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning
Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of
 Corruption states that corruption crimes committed during natural disasters, economic
crises, and so on can be punished with the death penalty.
e) The death penalty carried out by corruptors who harm the state is entitled to be
sentenced to death because their actions harm many people. The explanation of
Article 2 paragraph 2 of Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law
Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption states that
corruption crimes committed during natural disasters, economic crises, and so on can
be punished with the death penalty.
f) The death penalty carried out by corruptors who harm the state is entitled to be
sentenced to death because their actions harm many people. The explanation of
Article 2 paragraph 2 of Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law
Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption states that
corruption crimes committed during natural disasters, economic crises, and so on can
be punished with the death penalty.
g) The death penalty carried out by corruptors who harm the state is entitled to be
sentenced to death because their actions harm many people. harm the country and
even cause the death of others

h) The death penalty for serious corruption is inhumane

The Executive Director of Amnesty International Indonesia, Usman Hamid,

said that the death penalty for corruptors is inhumane. Either way, such as lethal
injection to beheading, this method is considered to have violated human values and
violated human rights in international law.
Public anger at crimes of a serious nature, such as corruption, and hopes that
the perpetrators will be punished severely. However, he considered the death penalty
not the right solution.