Rv-2Re \9 IRC ; 98-1997 GUIDELINES ON ACCOMMODATION OF UTILITY SERVICES ON ROADS IN URBAN AREAS (First. Revision) THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS 1997IRC:98-1997 GUIDELINES ON ACCOMMODATION OF UTILITY SERVICES ON ROADS IN URBAN AREAS (First Revision) Published by ‘THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS Jamnagar House, Shabjahan Road, ‘New Dethi-110011 Price Rs. 72/- (plus packing and postage)IRC:98-1997 First published : January, 1988 Reprinted : September, 1990 First Revision : July, 1997 (Rights of Publication and of Translation are reserved) Printed at Sagar Printers & Publishers, New Delhi-110003 (1000 copies) 10. 2. IRC:98-1997 MEMBERS OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE AD.Nanint Convenor) ‘SC. Sharma ‘ember Seetary) GC Garg De. MP. Dhie RN. Malik GS. Tawarmslani De AK. Gupta HP. timdar MB. Jayawant KS.Neryanan PD. Agarwal Maj. CR. Ramesh Dr LR Kediyali Ninan Koshi (As on 313.96) 6 (RD) Mini of Surface Transpo (Roads Wing), New Delhi Git Enginoer (RS, Ministry of Surface Pranspon Roads Wing), New Delhi Engineer in-Chiel, Moncial Corporation ‘of Delhi, Town Hal, Deli-10006, Director, CSIR (Ret) A-1/133, Safdarong Endave New Delhi-f0029 ‘Giiet Engineer (Mech), Ministry of Surface ‘Transpor Roads Wing), NEW DELHI Adi. Director General (S&P), CPW, ‘Niman Bhawan, New Delhi-1 10011 Professor & Coordinator, Cente of Transport nag, University of Roovkes, Roorkee ‘Secretary othe Govt, of Gujarat R&B Depit Block No.14, Schivataya Complex, Gandhinagar-382010 ‘Symhetie Asphls, 103, Pooja Maal Road, ‘Chembur, Barxy-400074 (Qhir Enginoer (CCU), Mio. Environment & Forests (Red), £23, Cental Gov. Qi, ‘SUMartin Marg, New Dehi-110021 ‘Chief Engineer (4), UP. PWD, Cacknow 226001 Engineerin-Chief, Public Health Engg. ‘Ananda Rao Cielo, Bangalore-560009 (hier Constant, De. LR Kadiya & Associates, S487, lind Floor, Greater Kash, New Dlh-1 10048 GOD), MOST (Res), 56, Nalanda Apartment, ‘Vikaspuri, New Deth- 110018 "ADGIR) being notin posion, he mesing was provided by Shri A.D-Nrin, DGD), Gow of India, MOST @IRC:98-1997 15 18 vs. 21 2. 20. “The Diecor General, Dr. S-Raghava Chai, Vinod Kumar PHLRao Prof. GV. Rao Prof. C6. Swaminathan 1B Mepu MEK, Sarena Prof: DLV. Singh ‘The Dinecor ASen Prof CEG. fuse OP. Geel MR, Kachhwaha Neon Cor fo Caen & ling serial, 21, South Ext, Ri ‘New Deh 10009 os Trp Bagg, Seton, Dept of Ci Brat Regia Hoge, Coleg, Wag Diretoe& Head (Civil Engg), Burean of Tan Standards, Manak Bhawan, 9, Bohadushah afar Marg, New Dei 10002 Dy. Disord Gotcha Dron Cana Rend Reva nse, Bel tors Ron, Ne Be 1020 Prot of Civil Engg, LIT, Hage Khas, New Bebi-ti0016 “Dadi 50, Thinwvankadam Stet, HA Pura, Mads 600028 Chit nese ane), Aranacal Pradesh, PWD, Iunagar 9111 Directr, National Instat for Teaning of Highway Engineers, 174, Jor Bagh, [New Delhi HOO Director, Conval Rosd Research Intute, DalAathars Road, P OCR Okhla, New Delhi 110020 Highway Research Staion, Guindy, Madras 038 : (Chit Bgineer (Csi, Indian Roads Gonsruction Cora. Lid, 6, Core, 6th oor, ‘Scape Complex, Lai Road, New Delhi Chie Enginoer (FP, Ministry of Stace Transpom (Roads Wang), New Delhi Chit Engines Planning), Ministry of Sartace Transpon (Roads Wig), New Deli Prof of Civil Engg, Pacuty of E (Civ, Bangalore Civweray, Bangers 1B-11/8164, Vasant Kony, New Delhi 10030 Sid/R, Ministry of Surface Trmnspon (Rous Wing), New Debh-110001 Gi) 31 2 2. 36. 2. #8 2. ‘Maj. Gen. C7. Chari Pro. Ranganathan IRC:98-1997 D.GW., Bin-Chiets Branch, Aemy Har, Keir House, DHQ PO, New Delhi! 10017 Prof & Head, Dept of Tanspor Planing, Shoal of Planing & Architecture, 4, ‘Bock, Indrprstha Estat, New’ Delhi (Chet Enginoes, Dy: Diseetor GeaeralDS een te. General Border Roads, Kashmir House, Diigo. New Dstt AK Mis Dire (esi 08 Contain onan Fa, Caress, Sage Caples ‘Sfmtoa Aen, LR, New Deb 10008 Chief Conan, Eanes & Managemen ee ‘sence, 3)5, Kala Extn, New Del in Projet Dicer, ADB Prt, Kh No ee ‘iron Kan, Soctor-16A, Faridabad Preset, Us. Gin, Bx Offa Enlue Reads Congess Ch Emir, Pais PD, Si boy, Fae DORRD) A Hon Tens, —-AD-Nenin Be Ottio Incan Ronde Congress seen, SC. Sar tx oft inn Rings Congress CORRESPONDING MEMBERS LN. Narendea Singh RS. Shukla 1.36, Plot 86, Kekateeya Apartments Patpargsn, Dethi- 110002 B-190, Sector 85, Noida-201303, ii)CONTENTS Introduction Scope Guidelines 31, Planning 3.2. Considerations to Satisfy Specific Locational Requirements of Utility Lines 3.3, Depth of Laying Services Lines along Roads 3.4 Location and Space for Services 35, Design 3.6, Accommodation of Utility Lines Across Roads 3.7, Accommodation of Utility Lines Across Bridge Structure 3.8. Drawings of Utility Line 39. Co-ordination Page No, 16 18 18IRC:98-1997 GUIDELINES ON ACCOMMODATION OF UTILITY SERVICES ON ROADS IN URBAN AREAS INTRODUCTION 1.1, A draft on the Specifications for Reinstatement of Trenches Along the Sides and Across the Roads was prepared by Shri R.S. Shukla and discussed by Flexible Pavement Committee in its meeting held on 28th June, 1989 when it was decided thatthe draft would be modified by the Member-Secretary ofthe Flexible Pavement Committee inthe light ofthe suggestions ofthe members. The draft as ‘modified by Shri M.K. Ghosh, Member-Secretary was again discussed on 13th ‘August, 1990, After further modifications, ne Committee under the Convenorship of Prof, C.G. Swaminathan approved it for being placed before the Highways Specifications & Standards Commitee. ‘The Highways Specifications & Standards Committee, while discussing the above draftin its meeting held on Ist September, 1992 feltthat anew Standard ‘on the subject might not be warranted and the existing IRC:98-1988 "Guidelines ‘on Accommodation of Underground Usilty Services Along and Across Roads in Urban Areas" may be revised. Flexible Pavement Committee was, therefore, requested to prepare the draft forthe revision of IRC:98-1988 afer incorporating necessary pata for reinstatement of trenches. Accordingly, the draft was revised and approved by the Flexible Pavement Commice (personnel given below) in their meeting held on 69.93. Prof, CG. Swaminathan Convenoe PP.Nawe Member Seeriany Members SK Agaeval PK Lawia IR Aga KK Maden SK. Bhatnagar AD.Nayak KEM Chauerjee Dr BB Pandey DeAK Gus MO. Richer 55. Das Gupta VK Sanap SP. Gantayet RP Sikes MB. Jeyawane BR Tyagh ELCol RL Krire The Director, HRS, Madras (Selvanayngam Thome) Corresponding Members LN, Narendra Singh Dr. A. Veerategavan Ami PastIRC:98-1997 Exofficlo Members President IRC (MK. Agarwal) DGIRD) & Addl See, MOST Seoreary, IRC (DP. Gupta) (Winan Koshi). ‘The Highways Specifications & Standards Committe inits meeting held on 8th November, 1993 had considered the revised draft and formed a Sub-group consisting of $/Shri PK. Dutta, LR. Aryaand P.P. Nairto finalise the draft in light, ‘of comments offered by members during the mecting. ‘The draft, as prepared by Sub-group, was again placed before the Highways Specifications & Standards Committee in its meeting held on Sth April, 1995, wherein a number of comments were offered by the members. The Memiber-Secretary, Highways Specifications & Standards Committee had again incorporated the comments and sent to IRC for circulation to members of Highways Specifications & Standards Committee, Finally in the meeting of Highways Specifications and Standards ‘Committee held on 19th March, 1996, itwas decided thatthe ttle ofthis document be changed to "Guidelines on Accommodation of Utility Services on Roads in Urban Areas". ‘The draft was approved after incorporating the comments of the members. Later, the guidelines were approved by the Executive Committee in its ‘meeting held on 17th April, 1996. The Council in its meeting held on May 24, 1996 at Darjeeling discussed the above document and it was decided that the comments of the members be incorporated. Accordingly Mr. A.P. Bahadur, Director, IRC, Prof. A.K. Gupta & Prof. S.S. Jain, Convenor and ‘Member-Secretary of Flexibic Pavement Commitiee respectively, incorporatedall the comments of the Council Members. ‘The draft was finally approved by the Executive Committee in its meeting held on 21.12.96 and the same was approved for printing. 1.2, In urban areas, it becomes necessary to accommodate utility services along and across the roads. Such utility services include water supply lines, sewer lines, storm water drains, electric cables, telephone cables, gas pipelines, etc. As tility services grow, the frequency of occurrence for two or more lines occupying the same space or t0 intersect one another increases thercby causing problems of operation and maintenance for these services as well as the road facility. 1.3. It is, therefore, essential that location, laying and maintenance of the utility services and reinstatement of trenches cut would be planned and executed in a manner that it does not effect the operational safety and functional integrity Of the road facility and enables monitoring by a Co-ordination Committee at Periodic intervals. This document has been prepared to provide guidelines in this regard. IRC:98-1997 2. SCOPE 2.1. ‘These guidelines are intended for use by the authority responsible for urban roads in regulating the location, design, instalation and maintenance of Dublic utility services within the right-of-way of urban roads. The objective is to provide an uniform approach, based on mutual interest of the utility agencies and the road authority, which will minimise interference between the operations of various agencies and also to ensure safe and smooth traffic flow by reinstating the trenches aftr installation, 2.2, ‘These guidelines are intended essentially fornew roads or for cases where relocation of an existing service of laying of a new service along/across existing roads may be involved, 2.3. Utility agencies have various degrees of authority to install their lines within the right-of-way of roads. These guidelines are not intended to alter ot infringe on such powers, ut are suggested in the interest of developing and preserving safe operation of the road facility with least interference to it by the utility services, thus ensuring least inconvenience to the road users during the installation of ‘such services and after reinstatement of the wenches cut for installations. 3. GUIDELINES 3.1. Planning 3.1.1. For new roads, there should be advance planning to earmark the position Of each utility line expected along the road, and provide space therefore in such & ‘manner that it does not interfere with other services or safe operation of the road, For this purpose formal meetings and consultations with the concerned utility agencies should be held by the road authority to arrive at mutually acceptable loeations for the various utilities, 3.1.2. For existing roads, proposals for new utility line should be carefully ‘examined by the road authority to ensure that the existing service lines and future. road development needs are not affected adversely, nor does it lead to unnecessary expenditure. 3.2, Considerations to Satisfy Specific Locational Requirements of Ut Lines, 3.2.1. Utility lines can be grouped under the following four categories, each having distinct characteristics: (@_ Sewerand drainage lines; Gi) Water supply lines;IRC:98-1997 (ii) Etecwicity and telecommunication cables; and Gv) Gas pipelines and those carrying combustible materials ‘Some utility lines have interactive characteristics with other lines, and as such their relative location warrants careful consideration. Some others, ¢.8., telecommunication lines have certain specific requirements of laying as prescribed bby the concerned authority. All these are brought out in the following paragraphs, 3.22. Sewer and drainage lines have generally gravitational flow and are laid at substantial depth, the actual depth depending on the topography of the area ‘They normally require deeper and wider trenches for installation, and are provided with manholes at intervals. Because of the presence of manholes and possibility of overflow from these such lines should be laid in the reserve area Outside the carriageway limits ‘Storm water drains may be in the form of open channels or pipelines provided at the extreme edges of the right-of-way. 3.2.3. Water supply lines carry water under pressure, and any leakage causes damage to road pavement. Thes¢ lines should not be close to sewer lines to avoid {ntermixing in case of any leakage or pipe burst. Water lines should be provided (on one side of the road. 3.24. Electricity cables are of different types, namely, lighting cables (LT), and high tension (HT) cables. These cables should not be closed to water supply lines to avoid short circuit. HT cables should not be laid in the proximity of telecommunication cables because of possible electrical imeerference due to induced voltage. Also, the cables should be away from the tree line to avoid possible entrapment of these by tree roots. 325. The Communications Department has taken up a major project to accommodate major telecommunication lines in ducts. These ducts, depending ‘on the number of cables to be accommodated, vary in width from 0.7 to 1.1 mand height from 0.65 to 1.1m and are laid with & minimum cover of 0.65 m. 3.2.6. Gas mains and other pipelines carrying combustible materials should be far away from electricity cables and sources of heat and located at the extreme ends of right-of-way. 3.2.7. Wherever possible concrete ducts or subways should be provided to carry the utilities in groups either along or across the road at appropriate depth so as to ‘minimise the inconvenience of frequent digging of the road at different locations for repairs and maintenance (see also para 3.6.4,), 4 IRC:98-1997 3.3. Depth of Laying Services Lines along Roads 33.1. The depth of installation depends on the type of service line accommodated. “The minimum depth is from considerations of providing a ‘minimum cover to safeguard the Line from any superimposed loads or impact, or from erosion, and this should not be less than 0.6m. The different service lines are also to be located at different depths so that a cross connection of a service line is not obstructed by another line, 3.3.2. Gravity sewer lines, from operational angle are required to be laid at ‘substantial depth, from 2 to 6 m depending on the topography of the area, As regards electricity cables, H'T lines should be at greater depth than LT ones from safety considerations. 3.3.3. From the above considerations, broad recommendations about the depth of laying (denoting the bottom of the trench) ofthe various service lines along the road are given below: 6) Thnk sever toe 2w06m (6) Water sop tine Someete asiotm Sone 151m (i) Bsticabe creas 06101 m Hreaie iselm 69 Teeomeniion cae dress = 061m Pace ese (0) Gaia a ines + team caryingcombostiblemateral, 3.4. Location and Space for Services 3.4.1. Locationof the various utility services will depend on several factors such a class of road, the land width available, the size and type of utility lines to be accommodated and other related factors. Land width recommended by the Indian Roads Congress, vide IRC:69-1977 "Space Standards for Roads in Urban Areas" for various classes of urban roads is given in Table 1IRC:98-1997 Table 1. Recommended Land Width for Roads in Urban Areas Catgory of oad and width mp Expressuaye $060 ‘Arterial Streets 5060 Sateanerial Streets 30.40 Collector Siete 200 Toeai Streets 1020 ee aera ‘As far as possible, the utility lines should be accommodated in the space Specially earmarked for the purpose. The space required will vary depending on the type, size and number of service lines to be laid. For example, not all reags pill require to accommodate all types of uilty lines. Further, the space required for each utility line will depend on its size, but generally the utility lines follow the hierarchial system of the road. That is, service lines laid along major roads will be the main ones requiring larger space than those along minor roads. This ‘means, major roads will require to provide for larger space for Services than minor roads. Generally, a width of 5 m for services on either side of the road will be adequate in most cases. For cases where earmarked space for services is not available, the service lines should be accommodated under footpaths, and in their absence, at the extreme ends of the right-of-way. 3.42, Other considerations needing attention in the location of utility services are given below: (Utility lines shoutd be so located as to minimise the need for their ‘subsequent adjustment to accommodate future road improvements, at the same time the location should be such that it permits ‘maintenance of the lines with minimum interference to road traffic, Gi) ‘The utility lines should be laid on uniform alignment parallel to the road centre line. Gil) Service lines requiring frequent access should be loceted ina manner that the access is readily available at minimum cost. Gv) Some of the utility lines will require provision of manholes, controllers/regulators, etc. within the right-of-way. The manhole overs should not protrude over the road surface and should be fixed in level withthe existing road, In course of the subsequent renewals Of the road, the level of the manhole covers should also be raised to the level of the road. The manhole covers should be so maintained aS not to endanger the safety and environment. 6 IRC:98-1997 ross-sections are based on the recommendations given in IRC:69-1977, vents ees, roadside drains and street light posts are also shown on the cross-sections 1o ensure that these do not interfere with the utility lines (b) LOCAL STREET (OOUBLE LANE) Notes: Legend: 1 All dimensions are in metres LeLiphing cable 2 The locations ofthe services are suggestive only and will depend _Shnumber size and ype of vervce to be accammodated, w: space avalible for services, Telecomeable 3 Open drains shown for storm water drainage may be replaced ewes by closed dains/pipes a per station GG ine 4 Depth woold bein scordance wth pars 3.33, Fig. 1. Suggested locations for ulity services along lca streets 7IRC:98-1997 ROM. ROW. pts stop ns tg o—____| (0) COLLECTOR STREET=TWO LANES WITH CYCLE TRACK (©) COLLECTOR STREET-FOUR LANE DVMDED Nate 1. Forlagend oe Fig. 2. Thelocaton of service are suggestive only and wll depend on nunber, sie and type af services to be accommodated, space avaiable fr services, te, 3. Depth would bein aecondancee witpara 3.3.3. Fig. 2, Suggested locations fr uty services along collector streets IRC:98-1997 (©) ARTERAL STREET SOC LANE ODED WN SERMCE ROAD Nate 1. Forlegend, se Fig 2 The locations of services are suggestive only and wil depend on number sive and typeof {ervies tobe accommodated, space avilable for sevice, cc ‘3. Depth would bein accordance with pare 3.53. ig. 3. Suggested locations for uility services along sub-artril and arterial streets 35. Design 3.5.1. _ Design of utility lines to be accommodated within the road land is the esponsibility of the concerned utility agency, but this should be reviewed and ‘approved by the road authority in respect of location, method of installation, effect. on structural integrity of the roadway and road structures, ease of maintenance, and permitting free and safe flow of waffic. Where ducts or culverts are to be provided beneath the roadway along or across the road, the road authority should 9IRC:98-1997 be satisfied about their structural adequacy. Materials used should be durable, of adequate strength and conform to the currently applicable specifications of the Bureau of Indian Standards so that subsequent disturbance to the road is ised. Accommodation of Utility Lines Across Roads 1, _ Need for accommodating utility services across a road will arise in ituations such as road intersections where the lines along ane road will have 10 ‘oss the intersecting road, and for spur connections from a service line to reach the other side of the road. Several methods are available for effecting the crossing. «depending on the situation, but in all cases, the following principles should be kept in view: (The service line should cross beneath the road along a line normal to the road alignment Gi) In case of all major roads, the service lines shall be taken through ducts of sufficient size and strength in order to facilitate future epairs/addition of lines, etc. without resorting to cutting open of the road. ii) The installation should be strong enough to stand the superimposed traffic loads and earth pressure. (Gv) The installation should be such that it is possible to maintain the service lines without undue interference to traffic movement or ‘damage/disturbance to the road pavement/ structures, and. (©) The lines should be laid at such depths as o provide adequate cover beneath the pavement ‘Thedifferent methods of crossings of roads by service linesare discussed in paragraphs below: 3.62. Simple uncased crossing: In certain situations such as crossing of a ‘minor road, service fines may be installed without encasement. The minimum cover over the top of the service line should be 1.2 m. Where the service line is a Pipeline, it should be bedded ona layer of granular material free of stone fragments, and should be backfilled carefully in two stages, one upto the top ofthe pipe and the other upto the top ofthe road. The pipeline should be strong enough to support the superimposed loads when the pipe is operated under all anges of pressure, ie. zero to maximum internal pressure. AS this method will involve cutting ofthe road for any maintenance oF replacement, it should be restricted only to minor 10 IRC:98-1997 roads. However, to protect the utility and to identify it during subsequent ‘excavations, the uility line should preferably be provided with a sand cushion and ‘covered with brick lining. 3.63. Crossing through casing pipe: The casing pipe (or conduit pipe in the case of electric cables) carrying the utility lines should be of steel, cast-iron or reinforced cement concrete and be large enough to permit easy withdrawal of the cartier pipe/cable. ‘The strength of casing should at least be equal to that of a normal ‘cross-drainage structure on the road taking int account the overfill. The casing pipes should be leak proof and without joints in the case of steel casing anticorrosive paints be provided over its surface. If necessary pipes could be ‘welded to cover the full width of the road. Ends of the casing should be sealed {from outside so that the annular space between the earlier and the casing does not actas a drainage path. ‘The casing pipe should, asa minimum, extend from drain to drain in cuts ‘and toe of slope t0 toe of slope in fills. The top of the casing should be atleast 1.2m below the road level subject to it being atleast 0.3 m below the drain inverts ‘The casing pipe should be installed preferably by boring through the road embankment, Where trenching method is adopted in exceptional cases the casing should be bedded on a 0.15 - 0.30 m thick layer of granular material free of rock pieces and carefully back filled in two stages, one upto the top of the pipe and the second upto the road level. In general, the instalation of the casing pipe should follow the same procedure and observe the same precautions as are required for pipeculvertconstruction. A typical cross-section of crossing a road through casing pipe is shown in Fig. 4 Installation of service lines through casing pipes facilitates easy withdrawal ofthe carrier line in case of maintenance of replacement without need forcutting the road. Interference to traffic and disturbance to pavement structure are avoided. This method should be adopted forall important roads where separate ducts/subways exclusively for service lines are not available, 3.64. Reinstatement of trenches cut for accommodating utility services: Proper care and attention are required during planning and implementation of installation of utility services, so that the work of reinstatement of wenches is ‘carried out in specified manner right in time. Any neglect in adhering to a proper schedule can lead to serious traffic hazards besides recurring problem in road maintenance. nIRC:98-1997 BERR LLLL 4 [ESTING CRUST crust To et Reduut ‘ATER BACK FLUNG ‘e. “7ENCH soc ru eco ru Nate ‘The location ofthe services ae suggestive only and wll depend on aumber, size and ype of sericeriobe accorded, space walle for semen oe oe Fig 4. Typlea installation of easing pipe under road The following guidelines shall be followed for reinstating the trenches cut across the oad for accommodating utility service lines, @ Asa measure of abundant precaution against future setlement and ‘ther allied problems, use of only selected granular material in filling for reinstatement of trenches is recommended. ‘Where the depth of fill is more than 450 mm below the crust (e.g. depth “Y" in Fig.4,) the entire depth and cutting below the level of 450 mm may be filled either with coarse sand (with fineness modulus not less than 2) or the excavated trench material of tis also of similar quality and compacted in layers not exceeding, 75 mm when compacted by ordinary power roller/plate compactor. 2 IRC:98-1997 For the depth upto 450mm (e.g. depth *Y” in Fig.4), the construction of the entire formation width along the trench may be done with granular material Depending upon its location and level, each layer shall be compacted as ‘er the requirement of compaction of embankment and subgrade (IRC-36) and that ofthe relevant material constituting the road crus laid down inthe appropriate ‘code of practice of the IRC. Since most tility services may neod to be laid in deep and narrow trenches use of special compaction equipment like plate compactor, frog-hammer etc, may be essential ii) After filling the trench upto the subgrade level, road crust in the twenches should be provided as per the road crust in the adjoining reaches, Gii) With continuous traffic/rains, itis possible that certain amount of settlements may occur in the reinstated area. Necessary corrections/replenishment shall be carried out on such areas preferably after a wet scason, using compatible material after dressing up the edge of the trench to vertical for proper "Keying in" of the material. In the case of bituminous surfaces, a tack coat shall bbe applied to ensure proper cohesion and bond. (iv) Inall cases, safety fencing with coloured indicators, retro reflective sign boards/lighting arrangements ec. shall be erected along the line of trenching before start of work in order to caution the road users ‘and the same maintained althrough the duration ofthe work, (¥) It is important to keep the duration between trenching and its reinstatement to the barest minimum as trenching leaves the road structure in its weakest condition especially when the road is left open to traffic simultaneously. For cflective implementation, the road authority may stipulate a specific duration for reinstatement as a special condition while permitting the concerned agencies for installation of utility services. (vi) All works of reinstatement shall be the responsibility of the road authority for which the cost of such work shall be met by the agency ‘owning the utility services. 56:5. Crossing through subways: Major crossing of roads by service lines takes place atroad intersections where the lines along one road have to cross those ‘along the intersecting road. Further, intersections are crucial areas of waffic ‘movement, where any obstruction to the road for trenching, etc. wll lead tochaotic 1BIRC:98-1997 ‘conditons. For avoiding such situations both during the initial laying of the services and their subsequent maintenance, it will be advantageous to construct subway across each intersecting arm exclusively for accommodating the service lines. The scheme is depicted in Fig. 5. Levels of subways for the intersecting roads should be adjusted in such a way that there is no conflict between the intersecting service lines. eseRvE spact 1 1 1 y FoR Sekvces 1 ft 1 Ht f Fig. 5 Subways at oad intersections for accommodating service Ines For long road stretches without intersections in-between, conduit pipes/subways might be constructed at periodic intervals for facilitating crossing Of the road by the service lines. This scheme is shown in Fig. 6. ‘The conduit pipes/subways should be of sufficient size to accommodate the service fines expected to be laid and facilitate their easy maintenance. These should be designed as a normal highway culvert. Cross-section of a subway ‘showing typical arrangement of service lines is shown in Fig. 7. “4 ae ope IRC:98-1997 ‘Feet belgit denen subway shouldbe 1.2m fr faciting inspection and ‘Suitable arrangements for dung Jhelcalonr fhe vorvces ae ‘Spe of criss tobe accommoda pace avaiable for ses, ould be made. tive only and will depend on number, sve and Fig. 7. Crasssection ofa typcal subway accommodating wily services 15IRC:98-1997 ‘There are several advantages of accommodating the service lines in subways shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. One i, frequent cutting of the roads for ‘maintenance/replacement of the service lines is obviated and consequently the ttaffic is not disturbed. Second is that since the positions are earmarked for each service line, maintenance of any line can be carried out independently without affecting other lines. This system, no doubt, will be expensive in initial cost, but will prove to be economically viable in the long run if maintenance cost is also taken into account. As such, this system is recommended for major roads and ‘major road intersections. 3.7, Accommodation of Ut ty Lines Across Bridge Structure 3.7.1. _ Provision of utility services such as water mains, gas pipes and sewage pipes on the main bridge structures of important bridges should be avoided as far as possible, 3.7.2. _ In cases where the carrying of watermains or sewage pipes on any important bridge becomes inescapable, the following precautions may be taken so ‘as to avoid possibility of any damage to the bridge and its approaches. 3.7.2.1. The pipelines may be supported on the substructure of the bridge. In no cease it should be laid on the superstructure, 3.7.2.2. Only seamless pipes with welded joints should be permitted. C.l. pipes with S&B joints should not be allowed, 3.7.2.3. Location of pipeline on the substructure should be so fixed that itis easily ‘accessible for carrying out its inspection, maintenance and repairs and it may not, in any way hinder the inspection, maintenance and repairs of the super-structure bearings and sub-structure of the Bridge, 3.7.2.4. The pipeline should be so aligned that itis taken out of the approach embankment as quickly as possible with minimum embedment into it. The thrust block at the bends in the pipeline required for taking it out of the embankment ‘must be placed inside a culvert so as fo facilitate easy maintenace and ensure its functioning independent of that of the embankment. 3.7.2.5. Where there is any change inthe elevation ofthe pipeline while raversing the bridge length, air valves may be provided. 3.7.2.6. In order to take care of the effect of surge force pressure relief valves on the pipelines may be provided near the two ends of the bridge, as a measure of abundant caution, even though a surge arrester may have been provided at the Pumping station 16 IRC:98-1997 3.73, _Cesmala and nc cali combanble mail shld bo cared. on independent supports on the river bed from considerations of safety/pollution ig), Eecueay cables an tecom Ines cued ov ins be sould be suitably insulated, grounded and carried in protective conduits or pipes. ae, sa, mane nl one sme ws) 7] SRE SME cet aie nt 7e| (eKe) a SEWER UNE aun si ae main) Nate ‘Thelocatons of vervces aro suggestive ony and wil depend on number, sine and wpe of servoes to be accommodated, space avalable for services ct ig. Accommodation of uty services om bridges 3.7.4. _ Service lines carried on abridge cause additional load tothe structure and ihe road authority should be satisfied about the structural adequacy of the structure ‘before giving permission for laying the lines. In case of service pipelines running, under pressure, consideration should be given to forces generated on the bridge structure due to bends and surge effects on account of bursting of pipelines or sudden closure of the valves, 3.7.5. _ Adequate care should be taken to ensure thatthe service Tines are as far as possible hidden or camouflaged from the view of the motoring public i avoid distraction and that the environment is not degraded. 3.7.6. Forall new bridge structures, the road authority should consulta public Utility authorities to ascertain their needs so that appropriate provisions in the "7IRC:98-1997 ‘design could be made for the services that can be permitted to be carried on the bridge. 38. Drawings of Utility Line 3.8.1. Underground utility lines once Iaid alorg/scross a road may require to be relocated at a future date when the road is taken up for widening or other improvements. To assess the need for such relocation or for laying new service lines, it will be advantageous to create a bank of reference plans, road or arcawise, showing all the existing utility lines with their location and depth. Such drawings should be maintained by the road authority who should update these as and when ‘anew line is laid, 39. Co-ordination ‘The utility services are under the jurisdiction of different authorities ‘Cutting of the road is resorted to when a utility authority wants to lay, repair or replace its service line. Not infrequently, this followed by similar action by other uulity authorities. All this fesults in disturbance to the pavement, inconvenience to waffic and infructuous expenditure not to mention the complete lack of ‘consideration to travelling public. The number of road cuttings can be minimis by preparing a list of works to be carried out by each service authority once in six months through co-ordination meetings and then executing these simultaneously at particular locations. For this purpose, a permanent Co-ordination Committee ‘should be set up, chaired by the road authority. 18