2.

The costs might not be measured in money (unless you assign a certain dollar value to an
applicant's time) but could be quantified in terms of some other unit you might invent to measure
success or satisfaction, some sort of "fruitfulness factor." Potential employment that has a high
fruitfulness factor, that is, a strong chance of being offered to a candidate and a strong chance of
being accepted, is far better for a job-seeker to pursue than employment with a low fruitfulness
factor.

4. By analyzing her comparative advantages rather than absolute skills, she might recognize that
she has other, less common talents she wants to leverage, something like proficiency in Spanish or
a sophisticated knowledge of film production. There is also the matter of the worker's own
comparative advantages in terms of skills, a calculus that looks very much like what economists do
in figuring a nation's comparative advantage.

5. Ricardo concluded that even if a country-he postulated Portugal-were more efficient at producing
both, it made economic sense for it to concentrate on the product where its advantage is greatest
(wine, in Ricardo's example) and to buy the other product from elsewhere. In fact, David Ricardo's
first exposition of the theory (1817) involved the question of which product(s) Britain and Portugal
should produce and which they should trade for-wine, cloth, both, or neither.