Instructions © Use black ink or ball-point pen. © Fillin the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. © Answer all questions. © Answer the questions in the spaces provided ~ there may be more space than you need. Information © The total mark for this paper is 80. © The marks for each question are shown in brackets — use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. © Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed - you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. © Candidates may use a calculator. Advice Scanned with CamScannerAnswer ALL questions. ‘Some questions answer, put our mind abo; ‘ If youchange y u i : Le ith a R cca eb you eoner ta cray chanisms. 1 Molecules are transported into and out of cells by several met " i e mechanisms, (a) Read through the following passage that describes some of thest chanism i rds to complete then write on the dotted lines the most appropriate word or wot the passage, 7 (4) Some molecules move across a cell surface membrane by passing down a concentration gradient, through the Phospholipid bitayer. The movement of some polar Concentration gradi pholipid bilayer. Molecules across the membr: involves carrier and channel molecules. When thisimovem@nt occursdown a bates nosey and adieht the process is called Scanned with CamScanner(b) A student wanted to swestenlsome STaWberts so she spri top of them, one hour before eating them. The student noticed that the sugar that she had sprinkled on them was longer visible and that there was some juice at the bottom of the bowl. — Appearance on adding sugar Appearance one hour after adding sugar The student thought that the juice was the sugar dissolved in water and that the water had come from the fruit. = . In order to test thesis,she weighed somelfresh strawberrieg and sprinkled them with sugar ‘One hour later she rinsed off the juiceand reweighed the strawberries. The mass of the strawberries before adding the sugar wis 77.8) The mass after rinsing off the juice was@OGS> (i) Calculate the percentage decrease in the mass of the strawberries. Show your working. — (2) Before > 2h, ee 59.397, oF a= * Fort? Ayeen » 22) x02 UF. OU X ceners + x10° 3+ = 4-09 5) 4 62.3% -Gbers 4.HZ | Answer .. Scanned with CamScannerld yt. cou! edure thal kc ee inthe nae less ives ntage em she value forthe perents @) Explain how this source of error: would affect decrease in the mass of the. strawberri Nea Be a cotiok -£ too. gba ee Source of error ..... 2; Then. Effect on value and explanation ..-.-L Re. ese: your knowledge of celltransport mechanismd and the properties of water, explain how thefjuic juice 's| formed fr from thé water that came from the fruit. aoe 2 son SURG IW, SPE hos partially neg akive._ i aK partialy..positie Heybrogern ae uber... tans react 4aith' apporitola Changed ond + Gather foot wn m Nacusos Sra berniny : {Total for Question 2 marks) Scanned with CamScanner2. Galactosaemia is a genetic disorder that affects an individual's ability to metabolise the monosaccharide galactose. saccharide lactose, If the galactose is kidneys or liver. Dairy products contain the di which is broken down into galactose and glucose during digestion. not broken down further this may result in damage to the brain, (a) The diagram below shows the structure of a galactose molecule and a glucose molecule. CH,OH CH,OH +O. ° HO. (OH H H H H OH H OH oH H (HN) OH H | On HOH () Inthe space below, draw a dia: yram-to-show the products formed when these two moleculés join togethe; to form lactose. a DR K-glulose (3) aisort dah vo io A? \ wr NSN Xe Ly a + thg 4 Scanned with CamScannerdisacchomfe \ction that joins the galactose and.glucose molecules (1) (iti) Name the bond that joins the galactose jalactose and glucose molecules together. vax Phen, Roache Bye azirdh- a) Scanned with CamScannerpedigtee diagram below shows the inheritance of galactosaemia in a family. 699 - : Unaffected male G © Unaffected female EB Galactosaemic male ©@ Gatactosaemic female Sasha Sahan Alina The normal allele is represented by G and the defective recessive allele by g. Place a cross B@ in the box next to the correct letter that completes each of the following statements. () AGallele isa Kalele ica a Jaf A form of agene B length of DNA fC partofagene D protein (i) IfJohn is heterozygous for galactosaemia, Jane's genotype must be —— a) A GG 8 c 99 3222O)impossible totell , Ga Gale AAA i) [Samir's\genotype must be ()_[4_ 62} 4 (1) & AGG @ Gg - G6 3B 99 ; “2 D impossible to tell Scanned with CamScanner0 Useagen © a Genetic diagra 66 child wilt béh, ee to calculate the Probability that Sahan and Alina’s first 190Us (a carrier) if Sahan is heterozygous. —— (4) {AOAC ne ote Scanned with CamScanner3 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that can affect many body systems, including the digestive system. In a cartier of this disorder, preimplantation genetic diagnosis can be used to detect the presence of an allele for cystic fibrosis, : *(a) Explain how cystic fibrosis affects the digestive system. (b) Explain how preimplantation genetic diagnosis is performed to detect cystic fibrosis, TT 2 Scanned with CamScanner' : : use of (©) Discuss either one ethical issue or one social issue relating to the Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, {Total for Question 3 = 9 marks) Scanned with CamScanner4 Inthe late 19505, Meselson experiments provided evid Semi-conservative replicati iments. These and Stahl performed some Boer NA Wi 5) athesieed by lence to support the idea that new DN: Paso o Bye. Paymencae | (b) Meselson and staht's experiments involv containing either heavy nitrogen (PN) o extracted from the bacteria. The DNA below, (2) Name an enzyme involved in it in culture media ed growing bacteria 1 light nitrogen ("4N). The DNA was then Was analysed as shown in the diagram Separating solution —___| wu! je Light DNA Separating solution —__| V3 Ke Heavy DNA Separating solution —__| Scanned with CamScannerThe table below summarises the three sta and their results, Complete the table by drawing, in the appropriate molecules and mark the position and size of the L iges of Meselson and Stahl’s experiment ” : boxes, diagrams of the DNA INA bands in the tubes. (6) Experimental-stage Diagram to show the strands in the DNA molecules of the bacteria 7 Position and size of DNA bands in the tube of separating solution Stage 1 Bacteria grown for several generations in culture medium containing heavy Heavy strands oné more generation in culture medium containing light nitrogen Loach "ay ty nitrogen Stage2 Heavy The bacteria from the end strand | of stage 1 were grown uy for another generation in Light 7 culture medium containing — strand azn} "SM 5 light nitrogen > Stage 3 The bacteria from the end > y A) of stage 2 were grown for (Total for Question 4=7 marks) Scanned with CamScanner5. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) tan be reduced in several ways. Lowering blood cholesterol levels and lowering blood pressure are tio ways of reducing CVD. - (a) () Complete the diagram below by giving three other ways in which the risk of, ‘CVD may be reduced. Write your answers in the empty boxes. - 3) Lowering blood cholesterol levels reduce alcoho Consumption. Lowering blood Pressure (ii) Explain how lowering blood cholesterol levels can reduce the risk of CVD. Reducing the risk of CVD Srohing. Cgputle sey etree 1 here Pane, (2) Ligh bord Cholaybrot teyoy Car Preduce the Bors Yow inthe orton ee _ Scanned with CamScannerjill develop Jerson will des i ility that 2 Pee Tey of the lators can be used to estimate the probabi ean genderor tne ‘CVD. Many of these calculators & rt by asking for th 29274 neg feris impor : Person using them, Explain why information about age and ge" 5 Pay ind in estimating the risk of developing CVD. tortie & OOF POL TI Ollom. ( Ptenes econ. Las He Conta Boonen SSE 4o_dowetap ED. Ker © Oertrge in some countries in (©) The graph below shows the relative death rate from CVD in som Western Europe. 24 Finland UK Germany Denmark Portugal =[59 aa / Sweden| Spain Italy France 0 2 40 6) 80 Relative death rate Compare the relative death rates front CV pare the relative death rate in Finland, Denmark and ‘Sweden. Scanned with CamScanner(i) The map below shows the fumber of in one year in Western Europe. I 500 000 and above I 100 000 - 499 999 FB 10000-99999 2 1000-9999 less than 1000 @ no data Describe-twa differences between the data 2 presented in the map and the data showin the graph re - suk al @ 1-TD..8ON. nap German! hen. degiesb uber. of Leith. drome CD Buk On Graphs. Finland ha Inafere deat, nate a) 2 OA gyreph. Finland. kal Shores debe neltive deill, rape = Hen esodm gyith Seeder Bul ong. doesnt. Shoes huge Layenence. + Eoanee dos = hot have fh Num. 24 eats . boevexe Scanned with CamScannereae e eee ea ere aera Van — (Hi) Suggest one re; inthe 'ason for the differences between the data presented in ™ap and the a: . lata shown in the graph. a) Haye. oe daa Kap Collected BrP oon —— . “Hoe ap ee Dexgirenn Byaphennn toes Collected ees by M.A Lo be, ~Peopt...... Cathe cf. (Total for Question 5 = 13 marks) eup oF people Chge. Gerba) ‘ne Cateected Ly pectic Scanned with CamScanner3 = aS 6 The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the sequence of bases in DNA. This-sequence of bases is used as a template to synthesise messenger RNA (mRNA). : (a) Describe the structure of an amino acid, — phosphate... tele Cubed doined_fonethen Lo. nnn naight.... hain, By al BR £97 ANB Coiption.” 2A Btrands ane untwinded Nia helicase — se te Mydrogn bord Beteeens hermes dre Broker 2ONE DAR Dtnyed “ack 03...0,...hempdate, Bh rond fon ~Lnee waronucleatides Barer Em... Complomented Th3 Meackion Gams i 8..inibs MBB donee alithe ever Out of lytopte _naclone . (aun def Aero wi) Scanned with CamScanneroa (0) The table below shows the amin ~—Fhree-letter codons of mRNA and th ve. ti, in mRNA. js coded for by the codons o! 1o acl Famine acids specific’ UF Tyros oy ratic acid tne yrosine oer — d by the codons ] \U istic Me asparagine AY FL Histiaine ’ Mis i Ga . oon ‘sine? GA ctucamine Ga Glutama' us Threonine Ia) ( (ertne SEI alanine UE serine eG é ca ve uGI vec Cysteine Mee FSerine cou : ‘ Sot KK Arainit GC ; AGA con K Arginine” Gn Fé Glycine ‘agg Arginine § = cag I~ ee Usk stop u Tryptophan CUA AUU oe AUC i: he AUC Fsoleucne Cie Leucine AUG —Methionine UG Gu uu cuc |’, poe Phenylalanine cua | Valine GU uu: oo uugt Leucine ; = The diagram below shows messenger RNA molectile, Part of me nger RNA molecule, a CCA are AAA (OC YC GG AL Scanned with CamScanner() Place a créss 62 in the box next to the complementary sequence of bases found on the strand of the DNA molecule, from which part of this mRNA molecule was synthesised. - Wa 6s6@anccecett HB GGUAACGCGGAA fc AACGGAUAUUGG Bob AACGGATATTGG Gy’ Place a cross Blin the box next to the sequence of amino acids found in the Pa bplypeptide chair that is(oded}for by this part of theimRNA molec gy Reg BKB. proline phenylalanine alanine vaing!™- : NY € Si ne FID proline lysine alanine glutamine (1) q) EA proline lysine alanine valine glutamine ili) Placea cross & in the box next to “GOV is the last Codon for arvai Vahiiy al codonjon this mRNA fholecule if oe ws a) FI -A~AGU (Total for Question 6 = 9 marks) Scanned with CamScannerheir nutrients. 7 When vegetables are cooked in boiling water, they may lose some of t mins and it The graph below shows the effect of cooking on the content of three vita two minerals found in carrots. 863 5 ett Be bem carrot oO Cooked carrot -@) Nutrient content of carrot / mg per Zinc Vitamin C Vitamin A Vitamin E Manganese Nutrient type (2) Using the information in the graph, compare the effects af Cooking onthe content of vitamins and minerals found in carrots. of vitami ninerals found in ¢ (3) cme 2Raw. Corrat® have higher. Vitamin content Cnpaned Ae..Secked Covet. (ooking dorrearor We Farman) Both Cooke? & naw. Commat...h> tomo Zinc. arrbent Scanned with CamScannernutrient content of foods by as much as.cooking in boiling vater. A student wanted test this idea on the(itamin € éontent of carrots. Describe arfinvestiaatio} that the student could carry out to compare these tv/o methods of cooking on the vitamin Content of carrots. ~ oti crowaye 6 piecer oh Connots SPAR... CAN... ECRORE Nay SLM Coen bert ake oatany Bc Copp alae _ » place each. bert tube “Ot Crater Bath fo Copkoot fetnp (Total for Question 7 = 8 marks) Scanned with CamScanner “ fy > btio — *(b) It has beer[suagesteg that cooking food in a microviave oven does not reduce the( : ) ; Sire ‘ NN pere Is aot ft. TI 1o want fo lose weight. Ca wht ay 8 Many dffereht dietsare available for people a Sreonfusion over the merits of each One reas sfass™” et e effects AOe ee ‘Assclemtst carted out af investigation t© compare the S=——— volunteers se diets were i ———— The changes in mass of two grou! ps of voluntee’s. monitored over af 12-month period The graph below shows the mean changes in mass die mon' ae Length of tim 4 6 foreach group of volunteers: Diet P Diet Q (Compare the mean change in mass, groups of volunteers, ;, over the figst 6 months, for : a ae” Ss Diet fi. has Mahar Chon : Scanned with CamScannerGi. Suggest why there was arfincrease in the ~ both diets between 6 months and 12 months. | Smonths ed 12 ments hea ee ae Fe. Dlg sccel _Schiv ae (b) Suggest why exercise is usually included as part of a weight loss programme. (3) 2 Bince epencse he a hase Amput ore Cuties APZ —Exencite con _inCrcuse N28 of tutte, > BR bike Ge Phoebe, Change 3} Loeiyit Bud thes. 13 heorare on the boly fat pencentige Jo be a < Body to Li, eratio — £ st Fhtan prnating Peruse edito borg Do Lasigt 25 heathen ay bo fore tucigt 2 pert ilhte aA ee ho a sin _e2tishh after the Deh {Total for Question 8 = 9 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS" we arterae, the, BB clenci2e. , wore Chem ted * LIP 5nC 02D betabohisn Scanned with CamScanner