BMS 280 - CNS Neurology and Neuropathology II

Course Outline

Course Description:
This course is a continuation of the topics covered in BMS 180: Neurology I: PNS that builds upon basic
knowledge of nerve structures studied in Anatomy and Physiology. This course explores the intricacy of
the Central Nervous System (CNS) and emphasizes the innervations affecting musculoskeletal health and
pathology.  

Course Prerequisite:
BMS 197, BMS 198
 
Learning Outcomes: 
Curriculum References:

Guidelines for Foundational Pg. 86-91, Organization of the Nervous       System, Central Nervous
Knowledge (GFK) System, Sensory Nervous System, Special Senses, Physiology of
Somatic Motor System, Higher Functions, Behavioral Functions

Pg. 96, Clinical and Pathological Considerations

Practice Competencies and    

Performance Indicators (PCs
and PIs) 
 
Instructor(s):
James Kakulavaram B.P.T, M.Sc. Anatomy, M.D
 
Textbooks Required:
Anatomy and Physiology.  14ed. (Tortora & Derrickson)  
Atlas of human anatomy (Netter)
Pathology Implications for the physical therapist. – 4e Goodman, Fuller.
 
Textbooks Recommended:
Clinical anatomy for medical students (Snell)
Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (Taber)
Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy (Merck & Company)
Pathology for Health Professions - Damjanov

Equipment Required:
Index cards (1 pack) for class participation
Course Duration:         
15 weeks, 5 hours per week = 75 hours total
 

Delivery Method:        
Onsite lecture - Classroom

Evaluations:
Clinicopathological case presentation           5%
Quizzes 2 @ 7.5%                                                 15%
Assignments 2 @ 5% 15%
Midterm Examination                                 25%
Final Examination                                           40%
 
Course Calendar:
Week Topic

1, 2 & 3 GROSS ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN (Chp.14, Tortora 15e PPG’S 477-506,
521-525)
Medical terminology 522
14.1 Brain Organization, Protection, and
Blood Supply 478
Blood brain barrier 481
14.2 Cerebrospinal Fluid 481
Hydrocephalus 483
14.3 The Brainstem (medulla, pons and midbrain) and Reticular
Formation 486
14.4 The Cerebellum 491
14.5 The Diencephalon (Thalamus, hypothalamus & epithalamus) 493
14.6 The Cerebrum 496
Basal nuclei 498
Limbic system 500
14.7 Functional Organization of the Cerebral Cortex 501
Association Areas 502
Hemispheric Lateralization 503
Brain Waves 504
Brain injuries 506
Aging and the Nervous System 521
Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances 521
 Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
 Transient ischemic attack (T I A)
 Alzheimer’s disease
 Brain Tumors
 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

4, 5 & 6 Quiz #1 during week 4 class 1 (Topics: Week 1, 2 & 3) – 40 minutes

SENSORY, MOTOR AND INTEGRATIVE SYSTEMS (Chp.16, Tortora 15e PPG’S 548-575)
Medical Terminology 573
16.1 Sensation 549
 Phantom Limb Sensation 553
16.2 Somatic Sensations 552
 16.3 Somatic Sensory Pathways 557
 Syphilis 560
16.4 Control of Body Movement 562
 Paralysis 563
 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 564
 Major Somatic Motor Tracts and Pathways 567
 The Basal Nuclei and Motor Control 568
 Disorders of the Basal Nuclei 568
 Modulation of Movement by the Cerebellum 569
16.5 Integrative Functions of the Cerebrum 569
 Wakefulness and Sleep 570
 Sleep disorders 571
 Learning and Memory 571
 Amnesia 572
 Language 572
 Aphasia 573
 Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances (Parkinson’s Disease) 573
Assignment #1 during week 6 class 2 (Topics: Week 4, 5 & 6) – 1 hour

7 Class 1:
Midterm review

Class 2:
Midterm (Topics: weeks 1-6)

8 INFECTIOUS DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (Chp.29, Goodman &

Fuller, 4e) 1405
Class 1:
 Infectious Disorders of the Central Nervous System
 Meningitis 1405
 Encephalitis 1409
 Brain abscess 1414
 Cerebral Palsy

STROKE, (Chp.32, Goodman & Fuller, 4e) 1507

Class 2:
 Stroke 1507

9 STROKE, (Chp.32, Goodman & Fuller, 4e) 1507

Class 1:
 Ischemic stroke 1512

DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (Chp.31, Goodman &

Fuller, 4e) 1455
 Class 2:
 Alzheimer's 1464
 Dementia

10 Quiz #2 during week 10 class 1 (Topic: Week 9 & 10) – 40 minutes

TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (Chp.33, Goodman & Fuller, 4e) 1535

Classes 1 & 2:
Traumatic brain injury 1535
 Pathophysiology
 Management & treatment

11 TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD INJURY, (Chp.34, Goodman & Fuller, 4e) 1556
Classes 1 & 2:
Spinal cord injury 1556
 Pathophysiology
 Management & treatment
12 & 13 Assignment #2 during week 12 class 1 (Topics: Week 10 & 11) – 1 hour

Clinical and Pathological Considerations (Goodman & Fuller) 

Student presentations:
 Parkinson's disease (hypo- and hyperkinetic disorders) 
 Multiple Sclerosis
 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease) 
 Tumors of CNS 
 Focal & global dysfunction of frontal, parietal & temporal lobes 
 Epilepsy 
 Toxic deficiency and metabolic disorders 
 Huntington’s disease/chorea 
 Friedreich’s ataxia 
 Spinal muscular atrophy 
 Demyelinating diseases 
 Schizophrenia, bipolar, depression 
 Polio and post-polio syndrome 
 Upper motor neuron lesions and Lower motor neuron lesions 

14 Review

15 Final examination (Topics: Week 1 & 14)

Completion Requirements 
All assignments, quizzes, participation index cards and clinico-pathological case presentation must be
completed
All tests and assignments must be completed
Students must achieve at least 50% on the final examination
Students must achieve an overall grade of 70% in the course

Policy and Procedures:

All policies and procedures as outlined in your manual apply.

Attendance Policy:
 90% attendance required for all didactic courses
 100% attendance required for all clinical courses

To successfully complete the course students must attend a minimum of 90% of classes for didactic
courses and 100% for clinical courses. 

In accordance with the Canada Student Loans Program and the maintenance of the College’s
Memorandum of Understanding as well as according to PTIB bylaws, it is a requirement that
instructors take hourly attendance in ALL classes.

Failure to meet the minimum attendance requirements:

For clinical courses, students must complete make-up hours and incur the associated fees (see student
handbook). For didactic courses, students will be required to complete make-up assignment(s) and
incur associated fees (see student handbook) at the discretion of the Program Director (in consultation
with the course Instructor). 

The attendance policy may be waived in extenuating circumstances (i.e., illness or family emergencies)
under the discretion of Program Director and/or Registrar.  The College will require documentation in
the form of a doctor’s note for illness within 7 days of the illness and may require some alternate
form of documentation to validate other extenuating circumstances (at the discretion of Program
Director and/or Registrar).  For absences due to a medical or family emergency, reasonable effort
must be made to notify the Administration promptly.  This notification will be recorded in the
student file.  In such cases where the attendance policy has been waived, the student will still be
required to complete make-up hours and/or assignments if attendance is less than 80% and make up
fees will be applicable.  In the event that attendance is part of the course grade and attendance falls
below 80%, the course grade will reflect this.

Failure to meet the attendance requirements and/or make-up requirements (to be determined by the
Program Director and Registrar) may result in academic probation and/or failure to complete the
course affecting the ability to advance in the program.

Tardiness, Lateness and Leaving Early

 It is the student’s responsibility to explain the nature of the tardiness/lateness/leaving early to the
instructor.  

Tardiness:  Arriving any time after the start of class will be considered as arriving ‘tardy’ for that half of
the class. Five ‘tardy arrivals’ to class will be equivalent to 1 credit hour of absence from class. i.e. for a
3-credit course, 1 credit hour will equal 3 hours.
Lateness:  Arriving more than 15 minutes after the start of class will be considered as arriving ‘late’ for
that half of the class. Two ‘late arrivals’ to class will be equivalent to 1 credit hour of absence from
class.  i.e. for a 3-credit course, 1 credit hour will equal 3 hours.

Leaving Early:   Leaving more than 20 minutes before the end of class (without prior arrangement with
the Program Director and instructor) will be considered as being ‘late’ for that block of the class.  Please
note that any provisions made for a student are subject to satisfactory academic performance.  Two
‘lates’ due to leaving class early will be equivalent to 1 credit hour of absence.  i.e. for a 3-credit
course, 1 credit hour will equal 3 hours.  

Due to unforeseen circumstances such as emergencies, traffic etc. that may affect your arrival to class,
please contact and inform either the school’s Administrator, and/or the instructor as soon as possible.
Tardiness/lateness may be waived by an instructor/administration due to unforeseen/extenuating
circumstances.  Please contact and inform the administration and/or the instructor as soon as possible
in such circumstances.