1. Research on the History of the Philippines extension and who are the prominent people behind it.

Kindly
include the situation, happening, incident that made their contributions prominent.

The Philippines were claimed in the name of Spain in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing for
Spain, who named the islands after King Philip II of Spain. They were then called Las Felipinas. By the 1830's Spanish
culture and thought had penetrated into Filipino culture to the extent that the Filipino people began thinking about
liberation from Spain. The government of Spain developed Filipino agriculture to the point that it was self-sufficient.

One of the most famous of the time was Jose Rizal. He studied medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in the
Philippines and the University of Madrid. Rizal wrote two important novels that portrayed the abuses of Spanish rule.
Although the books were banned, they were smuggled into the Philippines and widely read. On the night of his execution,
on December 30, 1896, Rizal proclaimed the Philippines "the Pearl of the Oriental Seas". His death is annually
commemorated on December 30. Rizal's execution gave impetus to the revolution. Although the Filipino rebels, lead by
Emilio Aguinaldo, did not win complete independence, the Spanish were not able to end the rebellion. In December of
1897, negotiations with Spain resulted in the the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. All of the rebels were granted anmisty and the
leaders of the revolution returned in voluntary exile to Honk Kong. While in Hong Kong, Aguinaldo and his compatriots
designed what is today the Philippine national flag.

On April 25, 1898, the United States declared war on Spain and the commander of the U.S. Asiatic Squadron,
Commodore George Dewey was sent to engage the Spanish navy in the Philippines. Dewey attacked the Spanish fleet on
the morning of May 1, 1898 from his ship USS Olympia. The battle lasted only a few hours resulting in the complete
destruction of the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay. The American fleet suffered only minor damage.

The Treaty of Paris and subsequent actions by the United States were not well received by the Filipinos - who were not
even consulted. The Philippine War of Independence began on February 4, 1899 and continued for two years. The United
States needed 126,000 soldiers to subdue the Philippines. The war took the lives of 4,234 Americans and 16,000 Filipinos.
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was established by the United States government in 1935 with a view to granting
Filipino independence within 10 years.

After the war, the United Stated restored the pre-war Commonwealth government. By 1946 the Philippines had
transformed from a Commonwealth to an independent republic.

2. Taken into consideration the major role of the government, enumerate the Agriculture Secretaries/ Minister in
the Philippines history of the Agriculture Department.

• Secretaries Galicano Apacible (1917-1921), Rafael Corpuz (1921-1923), and Silvestre Apostol (1923-1928).
• Secretary Rafael Alunan, Sr. (1928-1932)
• Secretary Vicente Singson Encarnacion (1933-1934).
• Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr.
• Secretary Benigno S. Aquino, Sr.
• Mariano Garchitorena (1946-1948)
• Placido L. Mapa
• Salvador Araneta (1953-55
• Benjamin M. Gozon
• Jose Y. Feliciano
• Vice Pres. Lopez
• Arturo R. Tanco, Jr.
• Assemblyman Salvador H. Escudero III —
• Ramon V. Mitra, Jr.
• MAF Deputy Minister Carlos G. Dominguez
• Senen C. Bacani
• William D. Dar
• Edgardo J. Angara
• Secretary Luis P. Lorenzo Jr
• Secretary Arthur C. Yap,
• Secretary Yap
• Secretary Bernie Fondevill
• Proceso J. Alcala

3. Using your notes here as a reference, what is the role of extension in the Agri sector? what do you think are the
challenges that the farmers, the extension agents, and the overall agriculture sector are still facing? What will be
your proposed solutions for the said matters?

Agricultural extension (also known as agricultural advisory services) plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural
productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of pro-poor
economic growth.

These three challenges – feeding a growing population, providing a livelihood for farmers, and protecting the environment
– must be tackled together if we are to make sustainable progress in any of them. But making progress on this “triple
challenge” is difficult, as initiatives in one domain can have unintended consequences in another.

Sometimes, the consequences are positive. For instance, raising farm productivity can generate income growth in
agriculture, make more food available for consumers at lower prices, and – in some cases – reduce pressure on the

environment. But sometimes the consequences are negative and require balancing trade-offs. For example, policies to
increase the environmental sustainability of agriculture could impose increased costs on farmers and lead to higher prices
for consumers.