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Technical English for Water Engineering Students

Book · February 2013

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Authors Biography

Mustafa Goodarzi was born in Borujerd, Iran in 1983. He got his

BSc degree in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering at Tehran
University in 2006, MSc in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering at
Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, in 2008 and at the present he
is a Ph.D. student of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering in
Isfahan University of Technology (IUT). He has done and still
working on different research projects in water science and
engineering. Also he has worked as part time lecturer and has
taught different courses of water engineering since 2008.

Prof. J. Abedi-Koupai was born in Isfahan, Iran in 1959. He got

his BSc degree in Irrigation Engineering at Isfahan University of
Technology (IUT) in 1986, MSc in Hydraulic Structures at Tarbiat
Modares University (honor), Tehran, in 1989 and PhD. in Water
Resources at School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia in 1996.
He became a member of academic board (lecturer) in Isfahan
University of Technology in 1996. He supervised more than 72
post-graduate students (60 MSc students and 12 PhD students) in
different aspects of water engineering so far. At the present he is
director of "Water Quality" committee in Water and Wastewater
Research Center (WWRC) in Isfahan University of Technology.
Also he appointed as Editor in Journal of Science and Technology
of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Water and Soil Science and
Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. He
published more than 230 research papers in international and
national journals so far. Prof. Koupai selected and awarded as the
best researcher in Isfahan province in Dec. 2012.
Preface

English as a global language is the language of communication and technology

around the world. Therefore a good knowledge of English has become a
requirement in a number of fields, occupations and professions. Recognized
scientific literature is mostly written in English. If a scientist wants to take part
in academic societies, to read, write and speak in English, she/he should be
familiar with technical terms. However, not only scientists need to be sufficient
in English language knowledge, but also professionals working on international
projects or working abroad in any discipline.
The book “Technical English for Water Engineering” is intended to
contribute to the acquisition or improvement of the English language as a
language for specific purposes, in this case for the vast area of the Water
Sciences. The information for this book came from various international
organizations, books, journals and government reports. Topics of each unit are
chosen with special consideration from the vast field of water sciences.
This book is organized in six parts including: Introduction, Soil water,
Irrigation and Drainage, Hydraulic and Fluid Mechanics, Hydrology and
Environment. Each part has its own Lessons and Tasks. Texts are taken from
various literature sources to enable to deal with real texts from the real scientific
world. Lessons can be studied separately according to students’ special
interests. They are sorted by content, not language difficulty. Since the book is
designed as both textbook and workbook, it is suitable for classroom use and for
self-study. The book also has a great appendix that will help the readers in
academic presentation and writing and a glossary of technical terms of water
sciences.
The authors welcome both comments and constructive criticisms to
promote the quality of this book.

Mustafa Goodarzi (Mustafa.goodarzi@ag.iut.ac.ir)

Jahangir Abedi-Koupai (Koupai@cc.iut.ac.ir)
2012
Table of Contents I

Table of Contents

Introduction .............................................................................................1

Unit 1- Origin of Water ...................................................................................2

Unit 2- Water Properties...................................................................................8
Unit 3- Water Importance ..............................................................................17
Unit 4- Meteorology ......................................................................................24

Soil Water ................................................................................................37

Unit 5- The Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum ..........................................38

Unit 6- Water Storage and Movement in Soil ...............................................50
Unit 7- Infiltration .........................................................................................63
Unit 8- Evapotranspiration ............................................................................76

Irrigation and Drainage ...............................................................89

Unit 9- The Early History of Irrigation .........................................................90

Unit 10- Surface Irrigation ..........................................................................102
Unit 11- Pressurized Irrigation ....................................................................116
Unit 12- Agricultural Drainage ...................................................................133
Unit 13- Urban Drainage .............................................................................146
Unit 14- Drainage Accessories and Auxiliary Structures ............................159

Hydraulic and Fluid Mechanics ..........................................169

Unit 15- Fluid Mechanics ............................................................................170

 II Technical English For Water Engineering Students

Unit 16- Pumps ............................................................................................182

Unit 17- Dam Engineering ..........................................................................194
Unit 18- Hydraulic Structures .....................................................................207

Hydrology ..............................................................................................221

Unit 19- Surface Water Hydrology .............................................................222

Unit 20- Groundwater Hydrology ...............................................................234
Unit 21- Wells and Boreholes .....................................................................245
Unit 22- Flood and Drought ........................................................................257

Environment ........................................................................................271
Unit 23- Water Pollution .............................................................................272
Unit 24- Desalination of Saline Waters .......................................................285
Unit 25- Nanotechnology and Environment ................................................296
Unit 26- Water Quality ................................................................................307

Appendix A: Academic Presentation and Writing ...............................319

Appendix B: Glossary ...........................................................................331
References .............................................................................................353

Index ..........................................................................................................361

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