1. Differentiate catabolism from anabolism.

 Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to gain energy while

anabolism is the synthesis of compounds needed by cells. In simple
terms, catabolism breaks down complex molecules to simpler ones
whereas anabolism produces complex molecules from simpler ones.
Also, catabolism uses energy to breakdown while anabolism
requires energy to build complex molecules.

2. What are the health effects of excessive consumption of carbohydrates?

 Excessive consumption of carbohydrates can lead to weight gain
due to low metabolic rate. There is also an increase in cholesterol
that can build up in the walls of your blood vessels leading to an
increased risk for heart disease. There is also increased risk for
cancer. Lastly, it causes to high blood sugar leading to diabetes.
 Excess carbohydrate intake places a large metabolic load on the
body. When the body constantly has high levels of blood sugars
(the end point of food sugar and starch) to deal with over time,
this leads to weight gain, poor metabolic health and an increased
risk of heart disease.

3. Why is protein increased in the diet of postoperative patients?

 Surgical procedures may potentially damage and manipulate one’s
muscles as to which it needs repair. Therefore, protein is increased
in the diet of postoperative patients because of its functions
specifically, repairing worn-out body tissues and building new
tissue by supplying the necessary amino acid.
 Following surgery, your body needs a high amount of protein and
iron. Your muscles have been potentially damaged, moved and
manipulated during the surgical procedure and now needs to
repair those muscles. Amino acids in the protein help repair muscle
damage by regenerating tissue and speeding up wound healing.

4. Why should trans fat be limited or avoided in diet?

 Trans fats are to be limited or avoided in one’s diet because these
are a form of unsaturated fat that raises your LDL or bad
cholesterol levels and lower your LDL or good cholesterol levels.
Thus, it increases the risk of developing heart disease and stroke
making it unhealthy for the body.
 Trans fats are a form of unsaturated fat associated with a number
of negative health effects. Trans fats raise your bad (LDL)
cholesterol levels and lower your good (HDL) cholesterol levels.
Eating trans fats increases your risk of developing heart disease
 and stroke. It's also associated with a higher risk of developing
type 2 diabetes.

5. Why is there a need to get water-soluble vitamins regularly from food?

 Water-soluble vitamins are needed in our regular intake of food
because it is not significantly stored in the body as excess of it is
excreted in urine.
 Water-soluble vitamins are those that are dissolved in water and
readily absorbed into tissues for immediate use. Because they are
not stored in the body, they need to be replenished regularly in
our diet. Any excess of water-soluble vitamins is quickly excreted in
urine and will rarely accumulate to toxic levels.
 Shortage may lead to fatigue

6. What are the effects of heat, light, or method of preparation on vitamins

and minerals?
 In this study, the influence of four cooking methods (baking,
boiling, microwaving, and frying) on the nutritional value of
rainbow trout was determined. Proximate, fatty acid composition,
vitamin, mineral contents, and nutritional quality indices of rainbow
trout were investigated (i.e., before and after cooking treatments).
In all samples, there was reduction of total n-3 than raw fish fillets.
Considering overall nutritional quality indices, vitamin, and mineral
contents; baking and boiling were the best cooking methods
among other methods used in this study.

7. An increased need for the mineral, lack of the mineral in the diet, or
difficulty absorbing the mineral from food are some of the more common
reasons. Mineral deficiencies can lead to a variety of health problems, such
as weak bones, fatigue, or a decreased immune system.