Hasnain Mujeeb

2019-DVM-015
Assignment Vet.Pathology
Submitted to Prof. Dr.Ghulam Mustafa.

•Hepatic Leision Scoring in Rats.

Histopathologic score:

Histopathologic scoring is a tool by which a semi quantative data can be obtained from tissue.
Initially a thorough understanding of the experiment al design, study objective and methods are
required to allow the pathologists to examine tissue and develop lesion scoring approaches.

Principle of scoring
● Masking
● Examination
● Lesion parameters
● Scoring detect ion
● Interpretation consistency

Once a liver lesion has been detect ed ,a radiologist will need to identify the type and nature of
lesion ( cancerous vs. non cancerous).

Histopathological criteria:
1-Steatosis:
Severity. Description. Score
Absent <10%. 0
Mild. 10_30%. 1
Marked. 31_60% 2
Severe. >60%. 3

2-Inflammation:

Severity. Description. Score

None. 0
Moderate. Scattered 1
Marked. Foci. 2
Severe. Diffuse. 3
3-Necrosis:

Severity. Description. Score

Absent. 0%. 0
Mild. <10%. 1
Marked. 10_50%. 2
Severe. >50%. 3

4-Fibrosis:

Absent. Description. Score

Absent 0
Mild. 1
Marked. 2
Severe 3

Type of liver lesions:

1-Benign liver lesions

•Hemangioma
•Focal nodular hyperplasia
•Hepatic adenoma
•Liver cyst
•Liver aabces

2-Malignant livet lesions

•Hepato cellular carcinoma

•Hepatoblastoma
Rare Malignant

• Fibro sarcoma
•Angiosar coma
•Lymphoma

3-Hypervascular lesion
•Benign
•Haemangioma
•Adenoma
•FNH
•Malignant
•HCC
•Hypervascular metastasis

4-Hypovascular lesion

Hypvascular liver tumors are more common

5-Fat containing lesions ( microscopic and macroscopic fat)

•Focal hepatic steatosis

•Hepatic adenoma
•FNH
•Hepatoellular carcinoma
•Angiomyolipoma
•Lipoma
•Lipo scarcoma
•Metastases

Tumor promotion in rat liver

To evaluate tumor promoting activity of pheno barbital, rats were administered

diethylnitrosamine , 2 mole/ kg followed by phenobarbital in their drinking water.
After 6 weeks of phenobarbital promotion , rats had increase incidence of foci as compared to
non phenobarbital treated rats.

Rats liver lesions _ Neoplastic

Normal rat liver

1 Hepatoellular adenoma

Nodular and compressing

Loss of lobul structure
Different in cell size

2. Hepatoellular carcinoma

Cellular pleomorphism
Loss of normal lobular structure
 Increase mitosis , necrosis
Locally infiltrative

3. Hepatoblastoma

Discrete nodular growth with variable structure often with in hepatoellular adenoma or
carcinoma
Cells often small strongly basophilic
Cells arrange d radially and concentricity

4. Cholangioma

Variable size and shape glandular acini. Cells mostly in a single layer with out surrounding
stroma.
Slightly basophilic cytoplasm.
1-Cholangiocarcinoma;

Locally invasive glandular, solid and rapidly growth pattren.

Cells are single or multiolayers with large nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm.

2- Hepatocholangiocellular adenoma
Combined merged featuiof hepatoellular cords and single layerd biliary ductules.
Hepatocytes may form ductules that resemble biliary cells

3- Histiocytic sarcoma
 Single or multicentric nodules composed of uniform population of round to oval cells with foamy
cytoplasm.
Multinucleated guants cells may be present.

4- Haemangioma

Blood filled paces lined by a single layer of uniform endothelial cells with out atypia.

May be nultifocal and associated with angiectasis.

5-Hemangiosarcoma

Pleomorohic multiolayers or cluster ed pleomorohic endothelial cells.

Various poorly formed and infiltrative vascular growth pattern.

Undifferentiated areas and mitotic figure often present.