North Western University, Khulna

Department of Law
Program: LL. B (Hon’s)
4th Year 3rd Semester
Course Title: International Migration & Refugee Law
Course Code: LL. B - 4303
An Assignment
On
The real scenario of Refugee and Asylum Seekers all over the world

Submitted To:
S.M. Hayat Mahmud
Assistant Professor of Law
Khulna University
Khulna

Submitted By:
Jahidur Rahman
ID No- L.L.B 20173018106
Department of Law
4th Year 3rd Semester
North Western University, Khulna

Date of Submission: 31 August 2021

Introduction
The issues of refugees, forced migration and internally displaced persons are in
much focus nowadays. The protection of the rights of refugees, who are without
national protection, and the prevention of conflicts, between the countries of origin
of the refugees and the asylum countries are matters of national and international
concern. In the twenty-first century, forced migration and its management are
increasingly being identified as one of the major challenges for local, national,
regional, and global governance. In addition to international and regional
conventions, there are a number of inter-governmental declarations that deal with
general or specific refugee problems in different geographical regions.
Who are refugees, migrants and asylum-seekers?
The terms “refugee”, “asylum-seeker” and “migrant” are used to describe people
who are on the move, who have left their countries and have crossed borders.
There are many reasons why people around the globe seek to rebuild their lives in
a different country. Some people leave home to get a job or an education. Others
are forced to flee persecution or human rights violations such as torture. Millions
flee from armed conflicts or other crises or violence. Some no longer feel safe and
might have been targeted just because of who they are or what they do or believe.
These journeys, which all start with the hope for a better future, can also be full of
danger and fear. Some people risk falling prey to human trafficking and other
forms of exploitation. Some are detained by the authorities as soon as they arrive in
a new country. Once they’re settling in and start building a new life, many face
daily racism, xenophobia and discrimination.
The main reason why people become refugees, asylum seekers, or migrants
When we hear about refugees, asylum seekers, or migrants who are fleeing their
country and pursuing home in a new country, we often use broad generalizations
for why they are leaving: escaping persecution, fleeing war, or seeking better
economic opportunity. But the real reasons people leave run much deeper. They
are more nuanced, specific and often surprisingly relatable.
 1) preserving safety
2) preserving family
3) preserving normalcy
4) Religious/National/Social/Racial/Political Persecution
5) War
6) Gender/Sexual Orientation
7) Hunger
8) Climate Change

Real scenario of Refugee

Around the world, 82.4 million people have been forcibly displaced. That’s the
most since World War II, according to the U.N. Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Since
most people remain displaced within their home country, how many refugees are
there in the world? About 26.4 million people worldwide have fled to other
countries as refugees. Another 4.1 million people are asylum-seekers who have
applied for refugee status but have not received it yet. Over the past decade, the
global refugee population has more than doubled. More than 26 million refugees
currently live-in host communities, many of which are in neighboring countries.
We are now at the highest population on record. 68% of the world’s refugee
population comes from just 5 countries. Since we began keeping track of the
world’s largest refugee crisis last year, the number of people forcibly displaced
around the world has continued to grow at an alarming rate. Beyond official
refugees, the UNCHR has gone from being concerned about 36.4 million people in
2009 to over 86.5 million people at the beginning of this year. Just a quick note
that we’re focusing specifically on refugees and listing them by country of origin
for this accounting. You can check out our breakdown of migrants, refugees,
asylum-seekers, and internally displaced due to key differences.

covid-19 situations of Refugee and asylum seekers

Around the world, refugees and asylum seekers are suffering from the physical and
political effects of COVID-19, which are compounded by the circulation of
misinformation, provoking fear and uncertainty. Refugees, migrants, and asylum
seekers are amongst those who are particularly struggling with pandemic-related
instability. They face unique challenges due to their legal and immigration status,
precarious work situations, and restricted access to public benefits and health care
systems. Their experiences are complicated by language and cultural barriers,
xenophobia, racism, discrimination, stigma, and exclusion. Organizations like the
International Organization for Migration (IOM) are raising the alarm about a
secondary pandemic one of misinformation, hate speech, and scapegoating of
foreigners and people perceived to be outsiders, which leads to further rights
violations and violence against people seeking safety.

The Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh

Since August 25, 2017, over 1 million Rohingya refugees have fled ongoing
violence in Myanmar. Many of the stateless Rohingya have wound up in what is
known as the world’s largest refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Together
with UN agencies, over 130 local, national, and international nonprofits (including
Concern) have supported the Government of Bangladesh adjust to this increase in
capacity. Safety and security remain serious concerns for the Rohingya living in
Cox’s Bazar, especially in the wake of COVID-19 (which reached the camp this
summer.

Every day, all over the world, people make one of the most difficult decisions
in their lives: to leave their homes in search of a safer, better life.

Most people in the world have had the experience of leaving the place where they
grew up. Maybe they will only move as far as the next village or city. But for some
people, they will need to leave their country entirely sometimes for a short time,
but sometimes forever. There are many reasons why people around the globe seek
to rebuild their lives in a different country. Some people leave home to get a job or
an education. Others are forced to flee persecution or human rights violations such
as torture. Millions flee from armed conflicts or other crises or violence. Some no
longer feel safe and might have been targeted just because of who they are or what
they do or believe – for example, for their ethnicity, religion, sexuality or political
opinions. These journeys, which all start with the hope for a better future, can also
be full of danger and fear. Some people risk falling prey to human trafficking and
other forms of exploitation. Some are detained by the authorities as soon as they
arrive in a new country. Once they’re settling in and start building a new life, many
face daily racism, xenophobia and discrimination. Some people end up feeling
alone and isolated because they have lost the support networks that most of us take
for granted our communities, colleagues, relatives and friends.

Conclusion
The refugee problem continues to challenge the international community. While
refugee-receiving states should maintain their commitment to the protection of
refugees and encourage tolerance towards diversity, refugee-producing states have
the duty to prevent acts that produce mass exoduses of their populations. At the
same time, the world needs to reach an agreement on how best to prevent new
flows of refugees. The root causes of these situations should be further studied and
rectified. If poverty is the major cause of refugee flows, some solutions could be
found in development aid or technical assistance. If human rights violations are the
principal causes of mass exoduses, solutions may lie in continuous monitoring by
United Nations human rights bodies, condemnation of violations by the
international community, and the appointment of Special Rapporteurs to study
specific situations and to make suggestions. If violent conflicts are the cause of
flows, solutions may be found in preventive diplomacy, in the promotion of
mediation as the means to conflict resolution, and in respect for provisions of
humanitarian law. Refugees and displaced people are not welcomed positively
around the world. They are not confined to one country and can have a detrimental
effect on neighboring countries as well which requires an immediate response.
Even though the issue of refugees and displaced people is not afforded the priority
like economics but for long-run global and regional security, the state and
government should consider it a priority because it overwhelmingly incapacitated
millions of people in camps. It is also unfolded the background story of refugees
and displaced people once they have been treated as the by-product of economic
and military war in different countries