UAT =F oO x What ip an alga: Seb Ae abystiin, wo Huse Sek of uuabruchirs -thak ia pollo aceomplishes a poxbicutar tack. Gn additin , al algorithms must Aaliny tre following criterion. . at Gopul: Zao @ wole quoutilin one enteawably Aupplod - Calput: delat gus quaulily we prduead: * Aifinitines: Good iwliueltdn in as oud wsombiguous- + fully Yh we tote out he iwubuckions ef oo bgt thera 4pt all cases ths olysilinn Ciuniualis afbr o ivi Wot Alaps - % Bdtectivevy: Einy walructtn must be very baie 60 soak tt cor be cawsisd & Ou. uw pavciple » kyo powsos asivy ody pu) aud papa St wit enough traf sack operabin be defavite ap uv vulva 3; it lO ust be feanble be Culaia fond Wileria 2 At “tno cur abgdtilbann ee ov @ mad Oulpuls oud have 3010 pens ne ° aly Auppliad * Accatdivy “to ocdiata 3, eae puealon must be debi . meaning cinok it must be perpelly clea wha phoudd be dowe . directions puth on “add 6 @ 1-01" O° compute. Slo oxs wot pouuitted pecan iE vn vot qhuox whic of tae hwo posibililas prould Ye dove @ har tne seal WS dou vulinion det abgctillirns da bines thot The Hue fi cdghibion Assyeivation Arowd be guanonally phat For evaryly Gun obgaiiny could be devired wat qlecider yobulber amy giver petition inthe game of chum iw a winning potitton. * wailtion 5 segue —fyot ath epowktn be effective + each Ap must be puch tok tt Cam atlead a principle, be dare day a Pevron wing pond oud paper ura ori awaouual oh time -ax| Algal) Speceft cabin: ~ HH Pigdibirrs tok ont definite oud afte ox alao called Comp- be the atudy ok abgatilhrns enetuds wramy impethaul ond active Oro Of staneaxch. thor at fou qistsuch ortean ob ALi ove car tdouify - 15 How to davine abgetiliy: vuakiy on algciillan in an ont which way vaver be fully auloralid . Gy mastiatyy design traliyirs will betome eanier to dove vad aud udeful abgchilliny - 8 How +5 valida adgcrithins « One or algotillin in clined, it i vucemary to Ahow thot ib Comput he couch gunwor for all possible. lagal tpuls. WE GEHL to is prow ay algetillim validation, - B ow to analyse abgehillinns : Frabypis ob algctithims gujes to tie tare of daléiusiniug me temputivg tvs aud Abhage ow algotillinn Sagres «Thiol Bealy, OF Bea which pomehwes depiied quale wallamatical 4 thu to wl a program : Tebug © program comists of two phanea be Debugging Be progtliyg , Lebuging Wt ce ne gis prow of eaecthy programs on pany i‘ ne sna solalhier fauthy suults ceur oud af Ao, ad them « Profiliug +e prow of oxseuting cotiect TALODUSGUY tna iUAa ound Apa tk taker to z aes Compule tre xesel Uchtow : : : ee eine an lOO” i amy was «we ea we a palaxal Janguage Qiher English «alltoush ef we select twin opin we must make Awe Hak tus Kells wuabyetroma one daft Graphic Seproentabos eatld Fuwehort are uollit possi’ lili,@ tn ynost of algstiliny we att olprretvy untuy Preudocode Htnar surembbles c od Parca - commuls begin esills Maud continu usstil -te oud of line 8 Blokes ox gditatid willy matchivy brow: f oud 3, A cortpoud Aralaww Cees a collecbion of imple Aralawauls) cour be suprerentad wa block. salcweuls ome etimmiled Joy ; Bd An idaaiyr beans wilh o Nabtrr the dala Jayme of vosetaloler one “ explicitly dactowd. Compound dato per cau be qorwed willy sue o vied = suedtd on dote—| dalaliype dato; eee 3 “ 4) Asignmast ok values to variables vo dous watug the avirgnmenl Arokiuwn . Lvaxiabl.> . = " S) thou aw two bookau valur Lae aud fale . The Srogica) od cel Aokivnal youiabls file 2, 2=, +.2,> ax produced. 6) Elan of muttidiuemdiona) ways ae attesed univy L aud alr 7) Looping Arateumsls ilo fet. ushile «Sepak. wall oe ued «© while do eet F ‘ee sociable = valet yalue2 slap slip do T sabia 5© Sapeat — Arabimonls cust Condition) 8) A conditioned staliuunt har Ha followivy forms. Y < condilion> tun ay < condutlton> -taun estalausssl 1> abe A) Gopur avd oulpal osu dou univg the wrsbuebdrr owad and whe « to) Tree w only ous Type of procedwer : Alggilbvn An alli commn't ok a heoding aud a body Aho Weodiiug alee “tax form Algotlkm — Alome Cépoxowaltr Just >) Cary Algetilin, Max (A 1) all A wv or aay of AZO at AD Routh v2 A075 SD) yh t= 9 4on do 6) te ACI) > Routt tran Routt += ale) 1) Rb Qoult > @ ¢ Gn tin olgetilhn Cromed Mor), A ad 1 aXe porawulirs Routt ad § oe Qocal vasialoler & Rawuaive Algdtilhiny :— in algelidiin vo paid to be Secwnie tb the Aame abjaiy & dnvolted in the bodly An algotillin tral calls wad to diaseh Sucwnsive . Algorillinn A vy Aoi to be indirect deeuroive th OF calls auollitr algctilin wolich ba Gurr calls A. £8 ty palgotilliin Town dgtancl Cn. x, 4,3) 2 IE Mow the top n disks from town % ‘Db hwy. ag4) ik Cn 21) aren of 6) Booz) ML KR ys D wttht ¢° 8) Towen0f a) 4 w) § %|_Pertotinonte —Anabysin :~ Thee axe many vulowa “Pen uohech ue car djudye our algorilhin . For Uataute + - we ~& Pew it do what we woul eb -to _ nik, i x Gow et wot eotuctly aeutdiug to The ctigival Apeeificationn of x on douuneatation “bak dunxiber how fo ue tk aud bow a yoortts? ARAL proudel? oualed du eabielr auch a Way tab ta0y podprn shagical Aabojundion 7 * Gs. code ouadalole 7 ae it come bo Wy ie vilrio are all wily wate Achhwort , most mpecially for Sosge Ay . 7 4 Af Cgpace Miure Complenily]. The Apace Complensli of a “ the omowut ch mumetg er wads use to comp 7 “Bune Commplnilf of an qlycrilln vote omouh ob compulir “ewe af yuads to guia -to complabinn . Pexfrmauts evaluadsin Cour oe Jooihy tivided gals to vrajot phaner: 1D a proti ectimalis aud a.) a posit Mating Space complesily s— Algorillym ab Carbie ) Z BOE Tp dick om tower "ya, thy top of hua y ); ‘Hanoi (m4 20ssul arbtbee+Catb-c)/Catb)+ 4:02 t 4] athe pate Suaguearnt cP) Of omy olgesitom Pong Te be wollen on str) = CS, (dmbanee chwadirishe ) eohoa’e is a combout Fo the giver olgdiilhin , tne problem wnoheute io characliniged ty the Apeaific valu of aylo, avd ¢ Time Complxaly : The Hime TCP) “taken by a program Pip the Aum of ths. Compi te we aud te KU (ad execution) time - The compile tee diser nok dapurd on “We water chanadbisiohis « Statewweul” cle |fupey | total slips Algciilim — Surn(an) ° - 0 { o | | ' S!>0-0, \ \ 1 fer tis 1 to n do ' ne} nel si= Stalil: 1 n n elu S> t " ' 4 © _ oO Tote) 7 : ant3 Tabk : Slep table . Asymphotie ntotabin CO. 1,8) AY'~ LBigoh") he quuchion $n)= O(a¢n)) Ceod an “b ob n in bip oho 9 of n*) ah tue entals positive constants ¢ aval ng Auch hol $y) 2c tgtn) for atl OD: NZN- we wiki OC) +o mean a Compuliy -time cha iy a Conoteuk OM) in called Sinsan Ont) w called quodiatic ee ne cubic Ola) w called eapouential.© Auf Lomage)] “te foackion $hn)> 2 (gcny) (asad an” of 0 in oval ae ad ah tae exist poslive contents ¢ ard no Auch tal’ ZI ze agla) frail 1 NZNo. sou! Chaka] stan fuuceen fin) = OGen)) Cuad an “h ob A io teate BH gab n') Ah Awe anise positve constants cry oud np ruch Hat e,ginyedinScraln) i oll ™ Qividle oud Conquer N2N0 Gaussal Meltxo d : a Gio o Husson to compullt on n inputs stax divide ~ usd —ton | quer srraligy dug genta Aplittivy se wpuli ile K dishuel Auvlesels , lek en. eldivg K dulbprobluns. Thane Aa pmblma must be rolved , aud toon a mulled mut be found to combi Avlsolubrona Wha o Aduubion oh “ha whol. Tk tia Aub problems ox Ah) sulabrvely large, “tan he divide — aud - Conguer Abralagy com possibly be seapplied offiy Hs Avloproblas Senuttiny fem o divide -aud- Cnguer deriyn are ely Hrs dame bp ad -the Big iva! problem . (3 twsse Caney he deapplicalidyy Oh “ME disida ~and—conquer panciple in ndimally erpremed buy a Seeurvnin| abgotiim. Now Amalia qud Amaller pubpmblms of ta dame leiud ore quoted until sentially culproblems pak axe paral auough to be AoA wlo /plittig oe paved: control Ainghattiory fot Mivide aud conguer Algorithm: Algcrillin, Daud CCp) i th mall (P) stron nolan SCP) abe aan P wile malar wtened Pree Ae Apply Davde to each Aub Problem Sebun combine Chad (R)} + Rawle C6 > wy Dande(Pk))4 nee te sulaon UW epremed ad Tene OLY) mw N4EC aT(nlb)+ Din) + cn) dlkunvxse = inpal Aize a> Nook Avbpmblmy D\v= impul Aize of tus Aub problomy. x} Bunosy Scare». tr ap 1eten be ao dak Ob camel thar axe Autted in wonder Y9 tder tia problam vo daliauiusug valet, @ Glue eluent pe bo preoent WA he dist 35 1 in prenub, we axe to dabiwine o vast J Auchlbal Oro. SE * Ww nok ta en Disk tun g vw to be Ade by 20. > in problem Divide — owd- Conguer car be und +o Aout “hin PF A Seawsive anion of Gwar Sor vw! Aljaulkin BanGreh Cas te So) WG-2) tha * tasati) Anan Subir i, rdoe Sulior 07 4 ebe i mid c= (CHI) |2J> YF Aucenofel Sean | HES atid) tian sulien oye | ale tk (x20 (med J) than ; diel fp) or Sebion BinSichCo sf mid 1, x) ne ily coud - 4p Uppar Phe SlEAN GusSmh (a. mid 41 Sux); Sew coded THs ! TU perk vig wows» Ls NOM Seuuive vowion of BuasuySeaseh in! shasitin BunSearh Carn.)dow t= 1; hght= n> while (Low & high) do Mid += CClow + high) fs. ; 6 (hea tmd)) hen hgh t= mid -1; doe if (eetawy) ten tussemeans abe sutionm mid: Sabin 0) Jd EE 15,610.09, 23,5082 101,10, 195, Si, bea, orl GMume 4: 151, 4M aud 4 Ke 151 tao high mid XH Cows high raid 1 1 7 \ aq 4 & yout i 6 3 D ty 13 t 2 i ty ty ty a me a und i A found SEQ i high mid ie ~ mk fe toy 4 Te compleuliy fpr auccagspal rxarehes 1 6 3 Or) OUsyn) — OLtey n) 4 6 peed Buk anvuye wor duce ful Acarehors © (ey 9) beak nage, wetst Lardivy cts maximum oud wiisni mum s- Whur the dumeuli im aft] ose polynomials veers number od Abivys of characte jhe cost of ou Compaxasory MH musel Wigher haw the cast of he oltis operations. Peace the Haat BW datumacd manly twy are total eosh of re olauenl comparisons, vey lageShraighlMoaMiun igus 20n-) alewwul compariaom ia tre beth, auerage aud weil cane An wwudial impnuame’ tr post dny sualigy thar the comporinon Li] Emin VW wiconany ouly wher ali) >max & fobe. { Coli)>mor) tran moris ated: ee if Cocijemin) thew min se acid! The bot cage oc use the datinls or tu trouadiuy dor. FPL no: oh gteuuuk tomparinon? 19 PATKL welsh cane oes hin THe ati gu ar deouoniug oiler Sn “thin Coe tke no-of elevreut comp oxrom wy gtn4) Algtilhm Straagh’MaxMin (orniman, min) Torts Mini=alry; fet sam a do 4 ip lalid>max) arermorrs atid; if Co Cid Emin) trer mute atid; j ? 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Algotillim Meyeserk (tou . high) Mo Cows sbagh] in o.global oxsoyy “to be avid tf [tow < high) tro Hib Huse oxe ware tow Our eteweat {Majid P slp Alorrobloms Fad whine to opt tna rch. mid emma mid = Chow high Yo) 3 im Meese Cina smc em Got Omi eh): _ Tee apt vu atin Mug (tow wid Latgly : ) \ 423 Sel 954,450, $20) a : Jaacliaa] esr, 351l 423 S8l Ssomple'- ali:to}= Glo on Vedio) baw wdicolitts bousdaties oly nubouays Roe o Afr) an waryed Lo yidd «(aes, aco [tral sot, asil 23, g6tasy, uso, 820) ton als) » warged wilh alt:Jad (139 oer atolosrk, 31 (td, 861 adsu 4050-20) D prduead Alar eels af4) oud als] oe worged. C194, a8¢, 310 fast 6s [493,367 c25u + USD S20) Ab hin pow ths algctibim hos vulinned Fotis youl inven Of MargeSat aud i» clout to prow ts Aatond Secusaive call Repealid SMeuive Coll are wvokad productuy the qollousig Aub - Oras : (19, 266, 810, 351, 652 u>3]861 [su] uso, 520 ) Clu a6) al ou wang sThawals) w rged wails ale: (149, 285, aid, 351,652 [2541 423, 86) | USD , S20) Neth aladovd alto] au urged oud tun ale: 84 and alaio} > (13-4, 285,310) 351 621 284, Yrs, 45D, G20, 661 ) fives Aduid seul (C134, 25u, 285, 3. 351, Grd, USD 920 SP, BEL) de Sab: te wage. 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