Trends of Future E/E-Architectures

How new Architectures change the Automotive Industry

Dr. Andreas Lock, Robert Bosch GmbH

1 Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2019. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Future Mobility
Electrified, Automated and Connected

costs hybrid e-motor legislation driver assistance electronic horizon

eBike power electronics emergency braking autopilot smartphone integration

electrified automated connected

highway-pilot eCall cloud
plug-in eScooter range sensors
redundancy services fleet management
fun-to-drive battery electric steering
charging infrastructure
valet parking car2car augmented reality

4 Automotive Technology | Dr.

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Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
Challenges and Bottlenecks
Functional Complexity Flexibility
Wide diversity of cross-domain Future E/E systems need to allow
functionalities need to be handled swift introduction of new
and distributed innovations & SW sharing

Scalability External Communication

Many segments, markets and Leads to higher data traffic and
technologies leading to complex, significant security risks
and expensive variant handling

Communication Bandwidth Computing Power

Inter-domain and cross-domain Serial computing in embedded
communication bandwidths not systems is hitting the technological
sufficient for future data traffic limits

4 Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31

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Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
BOSCH view on E/E-Roadmap
Vehicle Cloud Increasing number of vehicle
Vehicle Centralized E/E Architecture Computing functions in the cloud
domain independent
central vehicle brain(s)
Vehicle Fusion Domain independent
“(Central) Vehicle Control Computer” with potential “Zone ECUs”

Domain Fusion Domain overlapping

(Cross) Domain Centralized E/E “Cross Domain Control Units” / “Cross Domain Computer”
Architecture
increasing cross domain functions Domain Domain specific
Centralization
“Domain Control Units” / “Domain Computer”

Integration
Functional Integration
Distributed
E/E Architecture
Modular Each function has its ECU
(“Function Specific Control Units”)

typ. state of the art automotive ECUs (function specific) Optional ECUs (e.g. Central Gateway) Sensors/Actuators ECU = Electronic Control Unit increasing SW amount
Performance ECUs e.g. (Cross-)Domain Control Unit,
Domain independent Zone ECUs Domain specific Zone ECUs (e.g. todays Door ECU)
(Cross-)Domain Computer, Vehicle Control Computer

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Functional & E/E Architecture - A Change for the Automotive Industry
Increasing Market Share of Vehicle Fusion EE Architectures
Model 3

≤2018 ~2019 ~2021 ~2025 ~2030

*: initial assignment; Target Architecture is TBD and may Time
 (Cross-) Domain centralized E/E-architectures still differ from associated picture

considered as mainstream 2021 -SOP for E/E architectures

 Increasing number of major OEMs envisage introduction of vehicle centralized E/E-architectures until ~2025

 Suppliers need to adapt their product portfolio for vehicle fusion architectures
(Integration Platform Vehicle Computers, Zone ECUs, Application-SW, MW, ...)
Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31 *: initial assignment; Target Architecture is TBD and may differ from associated picture
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2019. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
High Complexity Meets Automotive Safety And Reliability
Embedded Vehicle Computer AI Computer Cloud Comp.
ECU Supporting ARM and x86 Performance Platforms
Integration Platforms 6

High 5 SOP: 2025

Mid 4
3 SOP: 2021
1st SOP: 2019
2 1st SOP: 2020 DASy 1.0
enhanced
1 1st SOP: 2019
MAP ECU

1st SOP: Body DASy 1.0 Head Unit DASy 2.0

computer base PT ECU
2019 DMIPS: 260.000 DMIPS: 500.000
DMIPS: 1.500 DMIPS: 3.000 DMIPS: 10.000 DMIPS: 14.000-34.000 TOPS: 300 TOPS: >300
RAM: 6 MB RAM: 16 MB RAM*: 16 MB-1GB RAM*: 512 MB-3GB RAM*: 32 GB + Cloud
µC µC µC µC µC µC
µP µP µP µP
HW acceleration HW acceleration
Autosar Classic Autosar Classic Autosar Classic+ Autosar Classic+ Autosar Adaptive Autosar Adaptive
Adaptive Adaptive Posix OS Posix OS
Posix OS Posix OS AI AI
13 Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31
2019. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2018.
* ROM: Extension by eMMC possible
Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
Vehicle RunTime Environment: Software enabling Vehicle Computers

VC building blocks

Data / Service Provider

VC SW Domain Structure
Classic Applications SOA Applications & Services
App1 App2 App3
Well Defined Well Defined Flexible Safety Flexible Safety Defined QM
Safety Safety

API RTE RTE ARA ARA Misc APIs

VRTE
VRTE
Linux
VRTE * Vehicle Computer Platform

Continuous update
Hypervisor

Base VC configuration Special type

HW
3-4years LifeCycle

14 Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31

2019. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
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Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
Hardware Acceleration for Central Gateways
DLC

Etherne
t
Central
Gateway
Diagnosti
CPU
Gateway Security
cs

Flashing

ETAS Data Engine

➔ “Any to any” interface, non-blocking bridging with low latency
(< 2 µs) and low jitter (< 1 µs) , high bandwidth (> 20 Gb/s)

CAN (FD)

FlexR
ay
Ether

Ether
net

net
➔ Operates on OSI-Layer 2-4 (incl. TCP, UDP, CAN TP, FlexRay TP,
1722)
➔ Offloads the CPU and reduces the interrupt load
➔ Supports typical automotive interfaces: CAN-FD, FlexRay,
Ethernet, PCIe
➔ Configurable, flexible and extendable by dedicated software
and hardware functionalities

8 Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31

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Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
Energy consumption depending on E/E-Architecture
CO2-emission for
Vehicle Fusion
1 kW powernet loads
z.B. Vehicle computer
VCU-P 80 80
Integration type
70 70 Konstantfahrt Power (Konstantfahrt)

CO2- Emission [g/km kW]

Performance type
KPI VCU-P:
60 60
Performance 14000 DMIPS
Memory µP 8GB Flash 50 50
Memory µC 16MB Flash
Ethernet, CAN, LIN 40 40
• Growing functionality w/ higher computing & communication performance 30 30
drives the electrical power demand (up to 4 kW)
20 20
• Tightening CO2-emission (ICE) regulations and range requirements (BEV) 10 1017 g/kW
limit the overall power consumption
0 0
• Future E/E-architectures have to become more energy efficient 0 0 25 25 50 50 75 75 100100 125125 150150 175
175 200
200
(e.g. HW/SW co-design, local HW-accelerators, …)
Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit
velocity [km/h] [km/h]

In city cycle, 1 kW Powernet-Load increases CO2-Emission by >30 g/km (cf. Japan. Citycycle JC08)
Assumptions acc. Premises vector 2.0: CompactClass-G5.1, DI/TC 1.0L, 3zyl, 90kW, Efficiency_BRM = 0,85
vehicle weight (Veh+EM+Bat) = 1490 kg, cross section = 2.13 m², cw = 0.248, rolling radius = 306.5 mm, roll friction = 0.008
9 Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31
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Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
Security: Holistic Approach
5
4✓ 5 Intrusion Detection System Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
3
✓ Monitors data communications
2
✓ and logs abnormal events
Cyber Security
1
✓ Backend
4 Connected Vehicle ✓
Vehicle firewall and security
standards for external interfaces
Event Security
Logs Update
Smart ✓ 3 EE Architecture
Antenna Protected and separated domains
✓
CGW by E/E architecture and gateways

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 In-Vehicle Networking 10011

1101
Integrity protection of critical
in-vehicle signals and messages
Firewall Firewall Firewall
Domain Domain Domain Domain
IDS IDS IDS
Controller
Powertrain
Controller
Body
Controller
Chassis
Controller
Infotainment
1 Individual ECU IPS IPS IPS
ECU software and data
10011 10101 11001 10101
1101
ECU 1010
ECU 0110
ECU
1100
ECU integrity protection
ECU ECU ECU ECU

11 Bosch Engineering
Automotive
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Technology
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reserved,
All rights also regarding
reserved, any disposal,
also regarding exploitation,
any disposal, reproduction,
exploitation, editing,
reproduction, distribution,
editing, as well
distribution, as as in as
well theinevent of applications
the event for industrial
of applications property
for industrial rights.
property rights.
Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
Multi purpose camera Front radar sensor plus

Safe perception through an algorithmic multi-path approach Impresses with improved precision, wider range and
opening angles

large high angular artificial scalable immune high

field of view resolution intelligence performance
construction kit to adverse
for detection of crossing with increased range for robust perception weather conditions with advanced Bosch
vulnerable road users at the center and behavior prediction
chirp sequence modulation
scheme

FEATURES
FEATURES
Bosch system-on-chip for ultra-high performance algorithms (flow, classifiers, disparity) with
low power consumption and low thermal dissipation NCAP (AEB City, AEB Inter-Urban, AEB Vulnerable Road Users)

Reliable full scene understanding for increased safety using algorithmic multi-path approach Improved comfort for Adaptive cruise control (ACC) up to 210 km/h
Semantic segmentation based on deep learning and optical flow for model-free video processing Partially automated driving (supports traffic jam assist / pilot, highway assist)
Optical path optimization for advanced driver assistance systems Multi-object tracking
Handles complex traffic situations

11 Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31

© Robert Bosch GmbH 2019. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Trends of Future E/E-Architectures
Summary
 Automated, Connected , Electrified & Shared (ACES) drive …
 … the tremendous growth of cross domain functions and system characteristics like functional safety, cyber security and
energy management and hence system complexity
 … the functional centralization and introduction of vehicle integration platforms and zone controllers

 In future, vehicle functions can / will be re-allocated to vehicle computers according to changed requirements
and constitute the separation of SW from HW

 New architectures require high computational power and communication bandwidth but need
simultaneously high power efficiency leading to the use of HWA for selected applications

 Higher AD level (> SAE L3) need large numbers of number of sensors with technological diversity

Vehicles become the internet devices with the most complex software and highest
computational power
12 Automotive Technology | M/NEE | 2019-03-31
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2019. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Thank you!
The Revolution of
Automotive Architectures
has started

Dr. Andreas Lock

Tel. +49 7062 911-6057 | Mobile +49 160 90451373
8 Intern | oneM
Automotive Technology
| 2018 | M/NEE | 2019-03-31
andreas.lock@de.bosch.com
2019. Alle
© Robert Bosch GmbH 2018. All rights reserved,
Rechte also regarding
vorbehalten, auch bzgl.any disposal,
jeder exploitation,
Verfügung, reproduction,
Verwertung, editing,
Reproduktion, distribution,Weitergabe
Bearbeitung, as well as insowie
the event of Fall
für den applications for industrial property rights.
von Schutzrechtsanmeldungen.