Cae en te) Knowing Our Numbers Numbers in Our Daily Life We ive wth nmmbers init on oraggraonto my v0 Thin how many tines + ay you nen You g toa shop tty bon,» gomery bos, some rile of stoner and a pen. How do you we numbers there when you make \Q | ‘Guetes about the prices of things you wish obuyand when you make the payment. Doyo sy sing aber whi plying asda won temas by 6 rans RUBS tnd’ wickets alt sod fat by scoring te maximum marks, Thoosands of people CABBIE wrt led inthe earthquake. Abou! 25000 people watched the mach between India and Pakistan aul Dovid sored 262 rns. Al Kunble tock 3 Wickes Natural Numbers Look at the pictures and answer these questions. 1. How many birds are bere ? 2. How many persons are there ? 3. How many tres are there? ‘he answers to these questions are respectively 1, 2 and 3. But what are 1, 2 and 3? They are Symbols representing the frst three counting numbers. Counting numbers are also called natural ‘Bumbers. Natural numbers have been used by man for counting for over 4,000 years. Different people Fave writen different symbols for the natural numbers. Roman symbols for the natural numbers are: I, I, IL, 1V, Vy VI, Vil, VIN, IX, X, XI, XI, | Hind symbots for the natural numbers are: 2) 8, ¥s 4, &) 8, 2, By RO, RE RR Hindu-Arabic symbols forthe natural numbers are: 1,2,3,4, 5,6, 7,89, 10, 11, 12, 12 Composite Mathematics ~ Vi The three dots atthe end mean “and so on”. A natural number is simply an idea that we associat with collections of objects. We may use the word ‘set’ in place of collection. ‘A symbol like “5” used to write th satural number five is call a numeral [ae aot] Hindu-Arabic Number System The number system used by us today has taken hundreds of years to develop, Originally developed, in India by ancient Hindu mathematicians about 1500 years ago and carried later to the West by the Arabs, gives, it the name Hindu-Arabic mumber system. In this system, any auraber can be written withthe help of the symbols 0,1, 2,3, 4,5, 6,7, 8,9. ‘These symbols are called éigits. As we already know that number is an idea or concept but the representation of a number by a eroup of digits is called a numeral. Expressing a number in numerals is called urnumeration systerr uses ten basie symbols, 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7, 8,9, (called digits) and the idea of place value. Each place represents ten times the one which is ima inely to its right. T [oxtoxo| oxo | 10 | 4 assigned to symbols in the various place value positions The number expressed in the above table is 8 * 1000+ 0% 100+ 4% 10 +3 x 1 =8000 +0 +40 +3 = 8043 Consider the following exemples 1. Inthe mera 44,444 the ist a the righ repress ola eat asthe valu of 4 in the Units place Itmean 4 tens The tid 4 fom the Fight means 4 hundreds The vale of 4 in hundreds ee ree place is ten tmes ax great atthe vale of 4 ints cas 4 housands, The value of thed inthe thousands place ten times the valeof ‘ones or 4 units, The value ofth is ten times as sa4es ‘tone, i, 40 place. The fourth 4 4 thousands, 2, 4000 Laem housands i, 40000 the 4 in hundreds plaze. The value of 4 in ten- thousands pla times the val 2. The diagram below shews that each digit in the numeral $7,843, has a certain place value [3 Stahds for 3 ones or units, 4 stands for4 tens o¢ 40 8 stands for 8 hundreds or 800 stands for 7 thousands or 7,000, 5 stands for Sten thousands or 50,000.RowunnowimintiersynoD 0 “Read the sum. Its “Fifty seven thousand eight hundred forty three.” Conpuse the sam withthe numeral in the figure. Thus, $7843 = £0,000 + 7,000 + 800~ 40 ~ 3. Ex.1. Write the following numbers in words: (9 6539 32986 1] Sot, (6539 is writen as (i) 32956 is writen as azese aa Bones (fie Stes, te, 50 | ates, 20 Shunde, $60 Shunde. 00 Lp inusands, Le, 2000 LA stnowsans, 6000 Lien vsends ie, 20000 7 The number is read as ‘The number is read as “Six thousand five hundred thirty nine”. “Thirty two thousand nine hundred fity six” Ex.2, Write the follow bers in numerals: () Six thousand six hundred sixteen. Gi) Bighteen thousand two hundred fifty four. Sol. () Six thousand six hundred sixteen means. Six thousands, six hundi fone tens and six ones, ie Thousands Hundreds Tens 0 i 6 6 1 6 = 661s, [REIT (ii) Eighteen thousand two hundred fifty four means eens (One ten thousands, eight tho Ten Thousands Thousands Hi ds, two hundreds, five tens and four ones. \dreds Tens Ones fem inaTo] ‘compari anid Ordating Large Nuri fis] ‘To put large numbers in ord ‘numberof digits and the gre wech the numbér of digits in them, the smallest having the least st having the maximum number of di Ex, 3. Find the greatest and smallest numbers? 2856, 69345, 101, 4533, 620, 18 Sol, Looking at she number of digits inthe given numbers, we can sec that 18 is the smallest and 69345 is the largest. ‘Comparing Numbers with the Same Number of Digits same number of digits starts from the left hand side 34537 1293, Comparison ofthe number ‘We start the comperison by the with first digit from the lft Thus in 3453 and 1293, on com of 3453 is greater tan I of 1298. > 1293, aring their let most digits, we can see that 3Composi pee Freee plator the Teh ee equal asin 4799 and 4996, ten we proceed io te second Sigel and compare then, tens {Asvongs 4789 and 496, 8 of 4896 inte second place fom the lef i greater shattered in <8 0 896> 4789 Agnin teen gs |g fomie le ara cq i enamine raced etd di and 0 | yg #96 on, ill we find unequal digits at coresponding places. The greater digit athe conesponing lace gives greater number, Ex. 4, Compare 45967 wal 4586. Sol Stating ffom the ft hand side, we notice that 2 digs are the same, So we examine he third igs fom te left On comparing the dg a the hundreds place both ths nares ea that 9 in 45967 is retr than 8 in SECT 45967 > 45861 Successor and Predecessor Who isthe senor oD. Manmohan Sigh as Pine Miniter fn? ae Who was the redecorate Naren Mod as rime Minit of indi? | Successor and Predecessor of a Number The sucessor ofa given number is the number jus following it ‘The successor of 16 is 7 95 is 96 599 is 600 na 158 95+ =95 | 1587+ 1= 1588 Can you guess now, what will be the Predevessors of 17, 96, 600, 1588 from the shove example? 16 i the predecessor of 17, 1e, 17 1= 16 ‘The predecessor ofa number the number | 95s the predecessor of 96, e, 96 -1= 95 IuatbetoreManditle obtained bysubtracting | | 599 5 predecessor of 600, Le, 600 1= 199 | | from it + [1587 isthe predecessor of 1588, Le, 1588.1RfownigiOentimbesomo> 1. Answer the f (i The counting numbers are also called (i, The largest digit used inthe Hindu-Arabic (i) Inthe number 6743, 4 stands for4ones. True or Fase. loving questions (iv) The predecessor of « numbers obtained by (The succestor of 9999 1000 2, Write te following numbers in words = 2050 Gi) 40023 i) 29001 (iy) 80203, (w) 73506 rue o False 3, Write the following numbers in numerals 1 thousand four hundred forty four Sixty four thousand eight i} Ninctoen thousand four hundred fity seven, (iv) Seventy thousand four hundred three. () Ninety thousand eight, 44, Fiitin the blanks with < or > sign (34512_S4s1_ Gi) 63458__ 63548, (Gi 96785 95793 Gv) $8934 _Se943 (9413 24007 (vi) 4001740007 5, Arrange the following numbers in ascending order (i) 31586, 35816, 3581, 36819 (i 29435, 43592, 29463, 54396 42315, 23145, | 6. Arrange the following numbers in descending order (i) 6234, 6324, 6432, 632 (ii) 90403, 99304, 90406, 9046 iy 82416, 84126, 86142, 82641 | 7. Write the successor of : | ow 1388 (iy 10889 (iv) 79999. ing Numbers 8, Write the predecessor of (80 (ii) 7890 ii) 13586 (iv) 10000 ‘Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 9, The number “fifty nine thousand nine hundred eighty six” in oumerals is (2) 59896 () 58996 (©) 59986 (@) 5996 10, Which of te following set of numbers is ar ranged in ascending order 10006, 19600, 16000, 10060 bj 10600, 10006, 10060, 16000 ©} 10006, 19060, 16000, 19600 (4) 10006, 10060, 10600, 16000 11. The sum of the successor and predecessor of loo is (@ 101 @) 199 (©: 200 om 12, Inthe number 43256, the digit 3 stands for (@) Shundreds (6) 3 tensthousand (€)3 thousands (4) 3 tens High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) 13, Tama five digit number, My ones digits is 3 My hundred digit is 2 times My tens digit isthe sum o' y ones digi ones digit and undreds digit. My thousands and te thousands digit is one less than hundreds digit (3) Whatoumber am 1? 4b) Writemy successor ©) Am [ateater than or less than the number, “fifty five thousand nine hurdred thirty Ayushree has thre balloons with digits 3, 6, 8 written an them. She wants to make differ repeated in 8 number. ee digit numbers from these digits such that none of the digits isCan you help her? Think I can make 6 numbers fom these thee digits, Lets ee how? Keeping atthe hundreds place the number formed ar 68nd 386. Keping 6 atthe hundreds place the numbers formed are 683 and 638. Keeping 8 atthe hundreds fl &/ sia the numbers farmed are 836 and 863. So, the required numbers are 368, 386, |W 683,638, 836 and 863. Here we ean see thatthe largest numbers 863 and the smallest number is 368 {In 863, the digits are arranged in descending order, i. ftom the largest to the smallest, and in 368, the digits are arranged in ascending order, i.e, from the smallest tothe largest. Ex. 1. How many different 3-digit numbers ean be formed by using the digits 0, repe: 5 without Sol, Keeping 0 atthe hundreds place the number formed are 0<<2—5. But these ae ty digit <2 rumbers aN So 0 cannot be put tthe hundred pace oe 22 Orato nay If we have 2 at the hundreds place, the possible 3-digit eee ‘numbers formed are 205 and 250. inthe bor 9. The number, whose expanded form is || ev a 900+ 40,000 = 2000 100+ 7a word | i) 1623,168]3.63.516 (Sith ory ve sd ns ni iy 164817.345] 164 (Sink ory two thousand onehundred | Gin 30,17 894[ 24.29.1784 (e Sint furlakh wo thousand one hunted (iv) 86,60,000[_ ]86,59,999 | (d) Sixty 8. Rerrangenenmtesincahpertomte| gh Ode Thinking skills (HOTS) largest tothe smallest skh forty two thousand one hundred | [ 10, (i) Write the smallest 8-digit odd number using | (17800 17,903; 17,308 all odd dats. i) 590,672; 509,262; 795,072; 907.652 (i) Write the above number in words in Indian si 60,09 320; 89.79.61; 90000013 (i) Write the successor of this numbet inthe 9,00,00031 expanded frm | ‘The International System of Numoration Inthe International system, starting from the righ, the group or periods are called ones, thousands, millions, billions, trillions etc, Here, we will limit our study upto billions only The places in different periods areas under Ones Ones, tens, hundreds Thousands ; Thousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands M Billions Billions, lions Millions, ten millions, hundred millions en billions, hundred billions jets ome tons ‘Toowtands le oisehe, Papen emieytial | wo lw | ow | wl iw | «| w w sy comparing the two systeuss oF aumeration, we find that ‘One Handed thousand = TK if One million lakh Ten milion aisscere | 1 trillion is 1000 billions, . 1 million One billion 100 core millions (10a iin) ake | ‘Ten billion = 1000 croreKnowing Our Numbers _ ‘To write a numeral in the International system beginning from the right, co every three digits. Thus, the number 28643501974 is written as 28,643,501,974 In the latest convention, instead of using commas to separate periods, space Is left between the different periods. ‘Thus, the above number may be written as nas are put after [ 28.643 501 974 =H) leave space 28 643 S01 974 ‘between periods Ex. Now look at the following table : Rion: Mlons ‘Ones | 7 | 8 | |™ |» |un |r | m | mw | rt | o 3 2 8 7 2 Vestal 6 3 nee 1 ¥ fag ES 6 1 2 3 q 9 3 | | ee 6 «| o | a4 € sled, Leer h ee 4 2 nite pw 3 Sol, The numbers in the above table are read as under 328.712 - Thee hundred twenty eight thousand, seven hunered twelve (632,681 Seven milion, six hundred tity two thousand, six hundred eighty-one, 56,712,302 Fifty six million, seven hundred twelve thousand, three hundred two, 983,566,304 Nine hundred ei four. Eightbillion, four hundred sixty seven milion, three hundred forty seven thousand, six hundred ity ESS en Bx. L. Give the successor of each ofthe following numbers (@ 10,00,906 i) 13,32,45,199 Sol. (i) Successor of 10,00,906 = 10,00,906 + 1 = 10,00,907 (i) Successor of 15,32,45,199 = 15,32,45,199 + 1 = 15,3245,200 Ex.2. Give the predecessor of each ofthe following numbers: 7,00,800 i) 18,00,93,100 Sol. (i) Predecessor of 7,00,800 = 7,00,800 ~ 1 = 7,00,799 i) Predecessor of 18,00,93,100 = 18,00,93,100 ~ 1 = 18,00,93,099 Ex.3. There does not exist the largest natural number. Give arguments in support of this statement. Sol. It is always possible to find the successor of a given 6+ Lie 1003008. hty three million, five hundred sixty six thousand, three hundred natural number. Thus the successor 0 Le“ ‘This provess continues infinitely and never comes to an end. Think of any number, as large a {your imagination reaches you and you can find its successor, just by adding | tot. Thus we cat never have & number whose successor is not possible, Hence, there does not exist the larges natural number. Ex. 4. Answer true or false : i) The smallest 6-digit natural ling in Sis 102345, (ii) The smallest 5-digit number isthe successor of the largest 4-digit number. Of the two given natural numbers, the one having more digits is greater. (jv) Ifa and b are whole numbers and a 95, (jv) True Thus 52< 54 and 5 Ex. 5. Write the greatest 7-digit number having three different digits. Sol. Since we have to write the greatest 7-digit number having 3 different digit, we will pickup the three greatest digits 7, 8, 9 out of the digits 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8,9. ‘Therefore, the greatest 7-digit number is 9999987, Ex. 6, Write the smallest 7-digit number having four different digits Sol. Taking the four smallest digits 0, 1,2,3, the smallest 7-digit number having four different digit js 1000023 PsS44 1 Ex. 7. Find the difference of the place value and face value of the digit 3 in 613728. ‘Sol, Face value af 3 in the numer 61979R is 4 Place value of 3 in the number 613728 is 3000. Required difference = 3000-3 = 2997. (ii) Five hundred nine million, eight thousand, he following numbers in the Interna- al system and write in words. 8,671 (ii) 230.086 (i) 68,823,761 Gv) $00,002 (©) 1,369,864,002 (vi) 70,112,005,458 2, Write the numerals for each of the following (iv) Twobillion, sghteen million, nine hundred ‘one thousand, seventeen, () Eighteen billion, five hundred nineteen rillion, nine hundred thirteen thousand, seven hindred wo, numbers, (@) Four hundred six thousand, seven hundred | (¥?) Thirtynine billion, fve hundred thousand, aah forty eight. 3. Write the compact numeral for 8000000 + 0000 +90 +9 using the Internationa sytem of numeration Also write the number name, (i Seven million, cight hundred thirteen ‘thousand, three hundredjowing Our Numbers. the contents of column Awith those of column B. Column A. ‘Comma 6 | @ Twohundred thousand (i) Twotillion (ii) Tveaty milion ai @ Twoerore (6) Twenty lakh (©) Twohundred erore Gv) Twomillion (© Two lakh ‘5, Write down tree consecutive whole numbers just | 8, ‘The number 999, 999, 98 canbe read in the preceding 729,001 Indian system as 6 Write in numerals and words the largest digit number having four different digits i (i) Indian sytem a numeration Gi Intemational system of numeration Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) | 7. ‘The smallest digit number using thre different digi canbe read s (© Nine crore ninety nine lakh ninety nine |G) Tenmillion wo thousand nine hundred snety eight (6) One million v0 (©) One hundred nillion two (@) One hundred thousand two Use of Numbers in Everyday Life "Numbers ae used immensly in our everyday life, such as measuring the length ofa small object as pencil, the distance between two given places; the weight of an orange, the weight of a ship, the ‘amount of juice in a glass and the amount of water in a lake, (@) Nine hundred ninety nine crore nine Jhundred ninety nine thousand nine hundred ninety eight (©) Ninety nine erore nine lakh ninety nine ‘thousand nine hundred sinety eight. (Ninety nine crore ninety nine lakh ninety nine thousand nine hundred ninety eg ‘Small lengths are measured in millimetre (mm and centimetre (em) while larger lengths are measured in metre (m) and kilometre (km). ‘Metre (m) isthe sandard unit of length and we define it as Tm=100 em = 1000 0 1em=10mm 100m 10010 100 mm A [Pen = 0@00%m = 16005 am Similarly, the units of weight are as under: 1000000 mm 1gm=1000mg and 1 kg~ 1000 gm 1 gg = (1000 gm « 1000) mg = 1000000 mg For capacity of volume, T= Too mb and TELS TOO0L KL = (1000 L « 1000) mL 1000000 mL. Ex. 1. Atin of biscuits has 14 kg of biscuits, Express the weight in milligrams. Sol. Since 1 kg = 1,000 gm and 1 gm 1,000 mg, <2 Lkg= (1,000 * 1,000) mg = 10,00,000 mg = 14 ke= 14 10,00,000 mg = 1,40,00,000 mg.16 2. Thepo ‘What is the combined populati Sol. Population of Rajasthan ~ 5,64,73,122 Population of Karnataka = 5,27,33,958 Population of Goa = 13,43,998 Total population of three states = 5,64,7 = 1105 Le, Biever Ex. 3. What must be added to 34, Sol. 6 crore ~ 6,00,00,000 R 6,00,00,000 ~ 342,629 = 56547371 ized numbes Ex. 4. There are 785 students on rollin a residential public school. Ifthe annu rnually by the sehool ? Working is 762,606, What isthe total fee collected Sol. Annual fee of one student = 62,606 Number of students = 785 Total Annual collection of fee Ex. $. Find the number of pages in book which has on an average 207 words on a page, and contains 201411 words altogether. Sol, Number of pages = 201411 + 207 Thus, the number of pages in the book = 973. 1. How many milintre oe thei in 17 ken? 2. 12 drums of milk have 8¢ ies of mil in them. Find the eapacity of one drum in mili. or potatoes, 2 kg of tomatoes and 1.5 kg of ctable vendor has 15 kg of onions, $ ke 122, of Gonis 1343,998 and of Karnataka is $.27.33,958 F the three states 5,27,33,958 + 13,43,998 ore five lakh fifty one thousand seventy eight 3,629 to make it equal to 6 crore ? the two years? ‘Composite Mathematics - VI Working $64t3 122 5,273,958 133.998: i 11,0551,078 [weir] 3 9999 9910 6.00,00,000 _34,52,629. | Sasa7.71 1 fee per student 62606 313030 5008480 43824200 49145710 Working Es on 207 JOST or 1863 pe w Mulifower. What isthe total weight of the ‘egetables in rilig The Delhi Development Authority built 63,85,195 fats in 2010 and 23,48,967 fats fe 2011, How many flats in all were builtin | | oyywing Our Numbers 3 The number of candid 1O board examination conducted by CBSE was 14,58,937 in year 2008; 16 93,487 in year 2010, 24, 13,468 in year 2011 and 40,05,093 ix year 2012. Find the total number of candidates who f= appeared forthe examination in these four years, 6 The number of scooters produced in year was 25,43,163. Out of these 16,4 How many were stil left? 7, A garment factory sold goods worth eight lakh twenty tree thousand five hundred six rapees in the month of March, The sale proceeds for the first two weeks were € 2,03,456 and £193,234, What were the sale prooteds a the last two weeks 48, A mill depo sells 657 li How mac mille wilt (Take es of milk ever day in| year? yoar= 365 days) 9, 3,16,160 people visited a park in 256 days. How ‘many people visited the park in| day? 10, The students of class VI of a schoo. collected £3,37,875 for Prime Minister's Relief Fund. If cach child sontributed £255, how many children fare there inthe schoo! ? 11, Convert 800 kn 25 ‘numeral in the ndian sy (a) 80,02,545, ©) 8,00,25,085 rm 48 cm into em. As a () 825,045 (©) 80,00,25,045 112, A shopkeeper bad ® 12,00,000 with him. He placed an order for 55 air conditioners at £20,825 each, What will be the amount le with him ater fre purchase ? G@ 85,0425 2466 13, Aakash sold 144 From the money he bought I50V. sets Find the cost of exc TL. set (a) 89236 (29362 High Order Thinking Skis (HOTS) ators, ot of given free sale of 14, Atarock concer which 750 wer er $500 spe ites, who we ion from iekets was € 593,750. What was the cust of 1 ticket? imation Can we exactly tell how many people watched the cricket series played between India and Pakistan, ‘or the number of people enjoying the popular ‘Indian Idol’ show aired on television, or the number of people injured and killed due to the devastating earthquake in Pakistan? No, In such cases it is not ‘convenient or possible or necessary to give an exact coupt. So we give an approximate count or number. We give a number which i close to the exact number. This is called estimation, We estimate or guess approximate values by rounding off the numbers. Estimating a Number to the Nearest 10 Suppose we have to round 33 and 37 to the nearest ten. To do this we must know whether itis nearer to 30 or 40. Hatway "ho dom & oe GH oS dr ds do 40” Itis easly seen in the above number line that 35 is halfway between 30 and 40. 3 is nearer to 30 than 40, so we take 33 as 30 when we round it to the nearest 10.18 Composite Mathomaties - VI i Also, 37 is nearer to 40 than 30 so we take 37 as 40 when we round It tothe nearest 10, is conventionally rounded to 40, Role: To round to the nearest 10 : Look ai the digit inthe units Columer. [Fis less than 3, round) down. [fir is more than 5, round up. ‘A number that is halfway between 2 multiples of ten i usually rounded up, Hustrations [Replace by 20 Replace by zero g1Se—towe mens Rounded offto, 2519 57H nearest 10 2910 tL Leave unchanged Rounded offto 46 84—More than 5 470 titnerease by 1 Estimating a Number to the Nearest 100 To round a number to the nearest hundred, we take the nearest multiples of 100 for that number. For example to round 457 to the nearest hundred, the multiples of 100 that we consider are 400 and 500. Hatt way 423 as7 400 410 420 430 Jaco 470 480 480 500 450 is halfway between 400 and 500 and 457 >450 which shows that 457 is nearer to 500 then 400, So we take 457 as 500 when we round off to the nearest hundred. Also, if we consider 423, then we find that 423 < 450 implying that 423 is neater to 400 than $00, So we take 423 as 400 when we round off to the nearest hundred, ‘Rule: To round tothe nearest 100; Look ai the ligt in at ons place. Ifr isles than 3 round down. [ft ® 5 or more, round up tilustrations Replace by 2208 Leave unchanged frome Fg—tes than s z O Rounded oft uh Rounded off, 499 Page pear Top” 2509| 0° nearest 100 t= More than § nearest 100 ie a Increase by 1 [_ terete ty zeros Estimating a Number to the Nearest 1000 To round off a number o the nearest thousand, we consider the nearest multiples of 1000 for that umber Rule Look af the digit the Monde place: 17F 5 or mare, en round Wp 12 ep tones, tens and hundrais place by 0 and add Ito the digit at thousands place. {ivi les than 5, then round down, i, replace the digit at ones, tens and hundreds place by zeros and | leave the digit at thousands place unchanged. ace te diteWe erinic ee (| PReplace by zer0s i 7993 Rounded off to the, nfore man 5 Rounded of th so PBisccssty nS racy by: ames ea Rounded off 0 : Fier mad j Rcunded of Rounded of - 1000 (ii) $264 wed of is 5260 5264 >» is 5300 To nearest 10 To nearest 100 Rounded off ‘eo nearest 1000 5264 Round to nearest 10 2, Rounding off tothe nearest 10, what numbers ‘ould be estimated as oe [stint $5, $6, $7, 58, $9, 60,61, 6 63,64] (40 Gi) 130) 780 (9) 1600 (vi) 4000 3. Round off each ofthe following tothe nearest hundred O46 GS Gi) BA uy 2687 (7765.0) 28481 i) 6008 (iy 60705 am @ ——.. ne is S000 14, Round off ¢o the nearest hundred, what ‘numbers can be estimated as (600 [Sol, Numbers from 550 to 599 and 601 10 649] i) 900 (ii) 1300 Gv) 6300 (v) 2000 Round each ofthe following numbers tothe nearest thousand, 3939) 6139 Gi) 5789 6x) 893 (9) 2 (wi) 40086 vi) 18589 (vill) 3,18,500 (ix) 2576 (3) 15,65,680 6. What number will be rounded to each of the following numbers to the nearest thousand? €0) 1,000 i) 20,000 Gi) 4000 Gv) 68,030, 7. Givethe estimation tothe nearest ten, hundred | and thousand’ 235i) 8265 (vy 920 Composite Mathematics ~ VI Estimating Sums and Differences. Mr. Dua owns a sports goods store. He has 48 tennis rackets on display and another 97 in the imate how many tennis rackets he has inthe stock. storeroom, He wants t0 es ae +97 = Mr, Dus has about 150 rackets in the stock, ‘a number that is near the sum, To estimate a sum, you fi To estimate the sum of 37 and 52, you use only tens te 1030 oF 10407 40 Es — 1537 nears 1050 oF 1960? > +50 $52isnearto40+50 —s 90 TB Tocatimate the sum of 421 and 167, you round the given numbers tothe nearest hundreds, z To the nearest hundred 42 1rounds to {00 and 167 rounds to > | +200 Then 421 + 167 iene » | 600 1 To esimate the sum of 1234 and 796, we ound the given num ds. ‘Tothe nearest hundred, 1234 rounds to 1200 796 rounds to. 800 796 is nearer to 1200 + 800 = 2000 Bx. 1, Estimate : 7.345 + 18893. Sol. The smaller number 7,345 has place values up to thousands, so we round off to the nearest thousand. 15,893 is rounded to 16,000 7,345 is rounded to 7,000 Estimated sum = 16,000 + 7,000 = 23,000, Ex. 2, Estimate : 663 —2 Sol. Both the numbers have place values up to hundreds, so we rou 665 is rounded to 700 213 is rounded to 200 ated difference = 700 ~ 200 = $00. 7,789 539. Sol. The smaller number 539 hae place values wp to hundreds, so we 17,189 is rounded to 7,800 is rounded to 500 .. Estimated difference = 7,800 ~ 500 = 7,300. e off to hundreds off to nearest hundredsKnowing Our Numbers PA escmate net, ten name ene sum oF work. 1, 41437 2, 428461 3, 13442724. 1521 +425 5. 33278+ 192 6, 9893--SI64 27348-12678, 1597-290 8001457 __10._ $5662 — 3465 Estimating Products _____ ae B, Choose the correct answer foreach ofthese. Rounding off wil help you. 1.1678 + 2051 + 1356~(1835,301 66995 — 3068 = (3927, 1927, 2927 2008 « 3~ (5048, 4048, 6 5898 ~3 = (1966, 1066, 2966; 5085). 4 ‘Suppose you need toknow about how many play booklets to have on hand fora theatre performance, Ifthe theatre has 188 rows of 31 seats, about how many booklets should you have on hand ? Since an exact answer isnt needed, you can round each factor to its greatest place value and multiply in your head to get a mental estimate. ‘You should have about 6000 booklets. ‘To estimate the product of 39 and 5, 39 tothe nearest tenis 40. 5 40 is 200 [tiie eee nog hea x30 _6000 (300 ‘To estimate the product of 317 and 4, think: | 4 317 to the nearest hundred is 300 oe i200 = 43008? 30 a ‘To estimate 48 * 73, estimate each factor tothe nearest en. 79 ae (i) An approximation for 48 » 73 is 50 = 70 = 3500. i. a (i) The product of 48 « 73 = 3804, Thus your answers sesible, | 3500 3501 1. Choose the best estimate from the possible 7 {a) 3 52 = (120, 150, 180) Oa eaes 7150377 &) 7% 31 = (210,250, 280) (6) 2 698 = (1000, 1200, 1400) x 8 » (150, 180, 200) (e) 2 79 =(140, 190, 100) (9 4 196 =(700, 800, 900) 2. Estimate the product and verify by actual caleulation : (45 «07 @) 38% Answer the following by estimating 5 The headline read “A MILLION VOTED “TODAY.” Actaly 9,018 people vored each Inout for 12 hours. Did the newspaper give a ‘sensible account ofthe number of votes cast in the election?2 ___Gomposite matnemates - vt Estimating Quotiens Rekha is marketing executive, She often travels while doing her job. Last week she drove 548 km in 7 days. About how many kilometres did she drive each day ? You can answer the question by estimating the quotient. It you round tothe greatest place value, ‘estimating the quotient mentally may be difficult. Incases like this, itis easier to estimate the quotient by using compatible ‘that you can divide easily. Choose a number close to $48 that is easily I 0 | | instead ot 7500 consider 7)560 umbers, thats, numbers ivided by 7. She drove about 80 km each day. Now, consider the following examples Ex. 1. Estimate the quotiont for each ofthe follo ()92+29 Gi 15876 i) 4379 +385 Sol. (i) ‘he estimated quotient for 92 + 29=90 + 30=3. 60 = 8 (Gli) The estimated quotient for 4379 «385 = 4400 + 400 = 11, (i) The estimated quotient for 158 + Ex. 2, Estimate the quotient by rounding off each number to its greatest place. (5598 + 689 (i) 7982 = 812 ‘The estimated value of $598 + 689 is $600 + 7008, Gi) The estimated value of 7982 + 812 is 8000 + 800 = 10. Sol or _—_§ 1, Copy and Complete, O oops ap 0) sAFRT 5 (© Ry + 1300 a o (@ 267928 > 307500 (© MTETI > «0}i600 (© 6SYERTE + 7072106 2, Estimate the quot ent Verify by actual calculation, oar © ome © aT 0 oT © 2758+ 56 © 1B. @ 2158+96 5294+ 28jowing Our Numbers, 29 POS Like or Hin. Arahie system of numeration z another ancient system of numeration is the Roman system, The Romans used a different set ‘of symbols a: their numerals. The following ‘drawings show how the Romans, might have ‘developed their number symbols. There are seven basic Roman Numerals, Ronansymbom] =r | v | x care eed) ‘Meaning 1 bs | 10 | 50 | 100. | soo | 1000] There is no symbol for zero in the Roman system and also it does not use the concept of place value ‘These days the letter “K” is used as a symbol for 1000, Thus, SK. denotes the number $000, The following rules are observed in writing numbers in Roman numerals. XXX =10 +10 +10=30 2 same symbol, i not repeated more than 3 CC» 100 + 100 = 200 times together COC =100 +100 + 100 =300 2, The symbols V, ‘MM = 1000 + 1000 = 2000 1. [When a letter is used more than once we add its value each ti 2, | When a symbol of smaller value is written tothe right ofa symbol of larger value, its value gets added tothe value ofthe larger symbol. Vi=5+1=6 XI=10+1=11 XXXVI=10 +104 10454141237 LXVI=50+10+5+ 1-66 3, [Wea yl oF eal vale writon Tote Te OF a Syibol a anger aloe he wale? Vala subtacted from the larger vale, V=5-1=4 X=10-1=9 XL=50-10=40 XC = 100-10 =90 CD = 500-100 = 400 €M = 1000 - 100= 90024 Composite Mathematics ~ Vi 2, [ean be sublracted ivi V and X once only. X ean be subtracted from L and C once only. C ean be subtracted from D and M once only Thus T or Vis never writen to the left of L or C. Lis never written tothe left of C. 3, With the help of the symbols I, V, X, L, C we can write numbers upto 399, 1. V, Land D are never subtracted. a | “Thus, we have “Ones ; oe findwAnoesem|: [2 [3 [4 [so 8 9 [Roman System 1 fo j[miwi|v|w fw jvm | 4/50 |60 [70 | 80 [90 [100 XL |L [x fix [pox [xe | c 10 x Ex, |. Write the following in Roman numerals: os ass i858 we 9 Sol.) L+1=Ln (1) 44—404 4~ XL +IV= xEIV (ii) 85 ~ 80+ $= LXXX+V=LXXXV_["49= 50—1= IL is wrong as cannot te writen to iv) 49 = 40-+9- XL+IX= XLIX the left of L a (v) 99 = 90+ 9= XC + IX= XCIK. Ex. 2. Write the following in Hindu. Arabie numerals XLV (LXM Gil) LXXVT iv) XCHL () XXXVI Sol, (i) XLV=XL*V=40+5=45 or (50-1) +5 =45 (i) LXMI=L+X+I1= 50+ 10+3= 63 Gi) LXXVI= L+ XX + VI= 50+ 2x 10) +6 (iv) XCH=XC + = 90+ 2= 92 or (100-10) +2 =92 (¥) XXXVIII= XXX + VIII = (x 10) +8 =30+8=38 ——— ars —__—_— 1. Write the following numbers in Roman | 2, Write the following in Hindu-Arabie umerals 5 numerals on a) 2a xv iy xXV w 37 WB (i) KXXIX Gy Lx Gi) 4 il) 59 Gx) 66 svi (LXV x15) BT (ni) 89 (vil) XXXV_—_ (il) XCT (i) 6 iv) 87 ww) 79 ix) XCIV (x) XCIXKnowing Our Numbers 25 J Tnsert 5 =f he ven Done 5. Explain why XXXX, VX, IC, XVV are not ) xv ]xut hie? @ xcvi[_]xcv ‘Multiple Choice Questios (MCQs) iy LOCK xc 6 Which of the following sets of numbers ate fay seven ]L2000 ‘written in ascending order = @V.LXI © LV.Lx ( XIV XLIX pe ©) LYK (8) XNLL oo) Ek [sx 7. The Roman numeral representing the leas four 4, Answer True or False, by writing Tor F ‘igi tienes ie @ W-x. ae fe (ii) 000K s an acceptable Roman nureral » i) XL means 50 ~10 @D we {iv) When thesame symbol isepeatedin 2oman | High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) numerals, such as X in XXX, each of the symbols names the same number? ) 1C~ 100-1 = 99, 8. Las Roman numeral, am CMXCIX Break me up and then can you recogni ‘Summary of Key Facts 1 “The set of natural numbers is N= (1.23, The set of whole numbers is W~ (0, 1,2, 3, Both the above sets are | 3. ‘The smallest natural number is | snd the smallest whole number i 0 47 loses, i, there is no greatest number successor ofa given whole numbers | more than the given number, e.g, the succesor of 25 is 26 S. The predecessor ofa given whole umber is | less than the given number, eg the predecessor of 100 is 99. 5. Every digit in numeral has two values — the place value and the fae value. The face value of ad does not change while its place value changes according to its position inthe number. Each pl represents ten times the one whict is immediatly to its right The patie of values is as shown. The number $7,32,198 is 5% 1000000 + 7 100000. 319000 :+2 « 1000 + 1 x 100.49 «10+ 8% 1 ie, $0,00,000 + 7,00,000 + 30,00) + 2000 + 100 +90 + 8 = 57,32,198 8. The con ~the Indian and the Internationa 9. “Toround tothe nearest ten; if the digit atthe ones place is ess than 5, round down. If is more than or ‘equal to 5, round up 10, To round to the nearest 100, ifthe digit atthe tens place is less than 5, round down, If is equal to or han S round up. rest thousands if the digit atthe hundreds place is 1. To round tothe than 5, round down I tis ‘equal to more than 5, round up. 12. The basic Roman numeral are c D MK) 1 v x L s 10 50 0026 ‘Composite Mathemati —____—_—enEms— ur ofthe firs four even numbers ‘whole umber is «natural number. (Gi) The whole number 1 has O38 predecessor. (ix) The difference of ny “0” coneetive whole amber 2. ieee ——_ Emme — con cce Panern) Concept Review 1. Flin the blanks: (0) The ales even ub of Sigs i (The umber name forthe predecstor of AG) The largest umber formed by th Civ) Repetto (©) Thenumber "Four mille, four hundred forty four thousand four hundred forty four” writen in the expanded form is gis 4 3,0, 9, rounded off to the nearest thousand is of «symbol in Roman numerals me 2, Answer true (1) er False (100 milion is equal tot crore (id) Inthe Inaian system of aumeration each period has thee places s one’s period has Ores, Tens and Hundreds, Gil) 4 kg 4000000 mg Gv) 123456 i the smallest 6 digit number using distinc digits. () The Roman numeral for 4 is XLIV. ‘Multiple Choice Questions (NCQs} 3, The number 99089049 inthe Indian system is read as (a) Ninety lakh ninety nine thousand forty nine. (Q) Nine crore nine lakh ane thousand forty nine (@) Nine crore ninety nine thousand forty nine. (Ninety crore ninety nine thousand forty nine.jowing Our Numbers or 4, The product ofthe place vale in 75352 is (@ 2500 (025 (© 25000 The diferenve bwen the layest Sgt mune ual the lange! Sigh be! wilh ver Utne digitsis @ 10 (10012 1 6. Which of the follwing (@) Ten lakh seven (©) One million two (6) One million one hundred thousand (8) Twelve lakh 17. The Hindu ~ Arabi numeral forthe Roman numeral CCCXL 3504 ) 190 (© 120 (e) 340 Long Answer Type Questions 4, Find the estimated sum of 4,380 and 18,765 tothe nearest thousand 9, A.vessel has 5 lites and 120 milliliters of mango shake. Into how many glass each of 40 mi capacity, «an tbe filed? High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) 10, The sum of my digits is 12. When rounded off to the nearest hundred, am S00. Rounding to the nakes me 330, What am}?