3A.

Prepare a Master plan for the whole project period, using actual activities from
inception up to the point of submitting the plan and forward-looking activities up to twelve
months rectification period.

Steps involved:

1. Preparing a construction site:

The local government must approve and provide permissions for everything from the zoning and
grading (change of land contour to house and drive) to the septic systems, building of the house,
electrical work and plumbing before the construction work is permitted. Physical construction
can start after permissions are received.

The same team frequently does site preparation and founding work, but with a forested lot, it
may not be. The workers removes rocks, rubbish and trees off their site for the home and, if
relevant, the septic system using a backhoe and a bulldozer. The workmen level the land, make
wooden forms for a foundation template and dig the troughs. Footings are installed (structures
that support the house interact with the soil). It's going to be excavated at that time if your house
has a well.

The pit is excavated, the bases are made and dumped, the foundations are created and the walls
are dumped. The floors are excavated, formed or dumped when they are slab-on-grade; the space
between them is lifted and equipped with lines for utilities (e.g. electric plumber drains and
pipers); and the sheet is dumped. When concrete is thrown in the troughs and trenches, it takes
time to cure it. There will be no activity on the building site during this timeframe.

After the concrete has set, the team will apply the waterproofing membrane to the foundation
walls, build drilling lanes, sewers and water taps, and any plumbing needed on the first level of a
dome or basement level.

Point of inspection 1:

Once the process of curing is completed, a municipal inspector checks the site for a correct code-
free installation of the components laid for the foundation. Depending on the foundation type this
check may be repeated. Your builder then removes the forms and starts the coordination phase
No. 2 framing.

2. Rough estimate of framing:

Foundations, roofs and walls were built. This is collectively known as the skeleton of the house.
The boards are fitted with sheets of exterior walls and windows and external gates on the roof
and windows (OSB). The sheets are then covered with a house wrap that protects barrier,
limiting the water to be infiltrated through liquid water and allowing water vapor to escape. This
reduces the chance of mold and wood decay.

3. Rough plumbing and electrical HVAC

In this process the following things will be installed:

 Wires
 Pipes
 Sewer lines
 Vents
 Lines for water supply
 Bathtubs
 Shower units
 Ductwork for system of HVAC
 Vent pipes for HVAC

When the shell is complete, it can be fitted with siding and roofing. At the same time, pipes and
cables run through inner walls, ceilings, and floors by electric and plumbing contractors. For
each fixture, sewer lines and vents are built as well as water supply lines. Bathrooms and single-
piece bathrooms are being installed as there is more room to manage bulky, heavy items.

Heating, air conditioning and ventilation (HVAC) and maybe the oven ductwork have been
added. Down the roof is fitted with HVAC vent pipes and in floors, walls and ceilings is fitted
with insulation.
The home is termed "dried in" when the roofing begins. An electrician next moves outlet
receptacles, switches and lights to the panel of the breaker and drives wires to every receptacle.
Included in this job are cables for phones, TV and music theatres or systems.

Point of Inspection 2, 3, 4:

The compliance with building codes is assessed for raw frame, plumbing, and mechanical and
electrical systems. Three different inspections are probably most likely. The frame examination
will at least be carried out independently from the electrical/mechanical examinations.

Drywall is supplied to the site at this point (also known as plasterboard, gypsum board).

4. Installation of insulation

Isolation has an important part in producing a comfortable interior atmosphere and greatly
enhancing the energy efficiency of a home. The thermal performance or R-value is one of the
most significant properties for insulation, which shows how well the material resists heat
transmission. The majority of homes have an idolized basement or crawl space over all outer
walls, as well as in the attic and all levels.

Foams, fiberglass and cellulose are the most frequent forms of insulation utilized in new homes.
Depending on the location and the climatic environment, your builder can also use mineral wool
(sometimes referred to as rock wool or slag wool), concrete blocks and stiff foam boards (SIPs).

Isolated blankets in rolls or batts are usual for new buildings. The insulation of fiberglass,
cellulose or mineral-wool particles is also loosely filled and blown-in. Sprinkling, spraying,
spraying, injection or potting may take place another insulating alternative, liquid foam.
Although it cost more than standard insulation by battle, liquid foam has an R-value of twice that
inch and can fill the tiniest holes producing an efficient air barrier.

5. Complete drywall and interior fixtures

The seam between the boards is hung and taped and the textures on the drywall (if required) are
completed. The board is not visible. After tape is complete, the first coat of paint is also applied.
Contractors start to build external finishes including brick, stucco, stone and siding.

6. Installation of walkways and driveways and finishing of interior trim

Inside doors, baseboards, door cases, furniture sills, molding’s, balusters and other ornamental
trims, cabinets, vanities and coats of fires and surroundings are installed. Walls have a paint
finish and, if relevant, are wallpapered.

At this point, external entrances, pathways and patios are generally built. Many builders want to
wait till the completion of the project, as heavy equipment (such a drywall supply chariot) might
harm the cement. However, as soon as the foundation has been finished, some builders pour the
path so they would not muddy their shoes when homeowners visit the building site.

7. Installation of surface floor, countertops and exterior grading

Flooring of ceramic tiles, vinyl and wood as well as worktops are installed. The external grading
is performed to guarantee that the house is well drained and the yard is prepared for landscape.

8. Bathroom fixtures installation and mirrors, shower doors

The electrical panel is finished with lamps, outlets, and switches. Installing and completing the
HVAC equipment. Registers. Installation of sinks, toilets and toilet ropes.

There are mirrors, bathroom doors and tapestries installed and final cleaning is performed. Trees,
bushes and grass are planted and other landscapes are finished.

Point of inspection 5

An official building code completes a final examination and gives an occupancy certificate. In
the event of deficiencies, a follow-up inspection may be planned to ensure corrective action is
taken during this inspection.

These steps could be seen in the excel sheet as well.

References
1. S. Z. H. S. Jamaludin, M. F. Mohammad, and K. Ahmad, “Enhancing the Quality of
Construction Environment by Minimizing the Cost Variance,” Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci.,
vol. 153, pp. 70–78 (2014)
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construction of groundwater projects in a developing countries; Ghana as a case study,” Int.
J. Proj. Manag., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 321–326 (2003)
3. M. Sambasivan and Y. W. Soon, “Causes and effects of delays in Malaysian construction
industry,” Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 517–526 (2007)
4. N. Mansfield, O. Ugwu, and T. Doran, “Causes of delay and cost overruns in Nigerian
construction projects,” Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 254– 260 (1994)
5. a. M. Odeh and H. T. Battaineh, “Causes of construction delay: Traditional contracts,” Int.
J. Proj. Manag., vol. 20, no. June 2000, pp. 67–73 (2001)