MARINE OIL TERMINALS
low the procedures outlined in NCEER report [6.3], SCEC
[6.4] and CGS Special Publication 117A [6.5].
If liquefaction is shown to be initiated in the above evalua-
tions, the particular liquefiable strata and their thicknesses
shall be clearly shown on site profiles. Resulting hazards
associated with liquefaction shall be addressed including
translational or rotational deformations of slopes or embank-
ment systems and post liquefaction settlement of slopes or
embankment systems and underlying foundation soils, as
noted below. If such analyses indicate the potential for par-
tial or gross (flow) failure of a slope or embankment, ade-
quate evaluations shall be performed to confirm such a
condition exists, together with analyses to evaluate potential
slope displacements (lateral spreads). In these situations and
for projects where more detailed numerical analyses are per-
formed, a peer review (see Section 3101F.8.2) may be
required.
3106F.5 Slope or embankment stability and seismically
induced lateral spreading. Slope or embankment stability
related to the MOT facility, shall be evaluated for static and
seismic loading conditions.
3106F.5.1 Static slope stability. Static stability analysis
using conventional limit equilibrium methods shall be per-
formed for site related slope or embankment systems. Live
load surcharge shall be considered in analyses based on
project-specific information. The long-term static factor of
safety of the slope or embankment shall not be less than
1.5.
3106F.5.2 Pseudo-static seismic slope stability. Pseudo-
static seismic slope or embankment stability analyses shall
be performed to estimate the horizontal yield acceleration
for the slope for the Level 1 and Level 2 earthquakes.
During the seismic event, appropriate live load surcharge
shall be considered.
If liquefaction and/or strength loss of the site soils is
likely, the following shall be used in the analyses, as
appropriate:
1. Residual strength of liquefied soils
2. Strengths compatible with the pore-pressure gener-
ation of potentially liquefiable soils
3. Potential strength reduction of clays
The residual strength of liquefied soils shall be esti-
mated using guidelines outlined in SCEC [6.4] or other
appropriate documents as noted in CGS Special Publica-
tion 117A [6.5].
Pseudo-static analysis shall be performed without con-
sidering the presence of the foundation system. Using a
horizontal seismic coefficient of one-half of the PGA, if the
estimated factor of safety is greater than or equal to 1.1,
then no further evaluation of lateral spreading or kine-
matic loading from lateral spreading is required.
3106F.5.3 Post-earthquake static slope stability. The
static factor of safety immediately following a design
earthquake event shall not be less than 1.1 when any of the
following are used in static stability analysis:
1. Post-earthquake residual strength of liquefied soils
2019 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
2. Strengths compatible with the pore-pressure gener-
ation of potentially liquefiable soils
3. Potential strength reduction of clays
3106F.5.4 Lateral spreading – Free field. The earth-
quake–induced lateral deformations of the slope or
embankment and associated foundations soils shall be
determined for the Level 1 and Level 2 earthquakes using
the associated PGA at the ground surface (not modified
for liquefaction). If liquefaction and/or strength loss of the
site soils is likely, the following shall be used in the analy-
ses, as appropriate:
1. Residual strength of liquefied soils
2. Strengths compatible with the pore-pressure gener-
ation of potentially liquefiable soils
3. Potential strength reduction of clays
The presence of the foundation system shall not be
included in the “free field” evaluations.
Initial lateral spread estimates shall be made using the
Newmark displacement approach documented in NCHRP
Report 611 [6.6] or other appropriate but similar proce-
dures.
3106F.6 Seismically induced settlement. Seismically
induced settlement shall be evaluated. Based on guidelines
outlined in SCEC [6.4] or other appropriate documents such
as CGS Special Publication 117A [6.5]. If seismically
induced settlement is anticipated, the resulting design
impacts shall be considered, including the potential develop-
ment of downdrag loads on piles.
3106F.7 Earth pressures. Both static and seismic earth pres-
sures acting on MOT structures shall be evaluated.
3106F.7.1 Earth pressures under static loading. The
effect of static active earth pressures on structures result-
ing from static loading of backfill soils shall be considered
where appropriate. Backfill sloping configuration, if
applicable, and backland loading conditions shall be con-
sidered in the evaluations. The loading considerations
shall be based on project-specific information. The earth
pressures under static loading should be based on guide-
lines outlined in NAVFAC DM7-02 [6.7] or other appro-
priate documents.
3106F.7.2 Earth pressures under seismic loading. The
effect of earth pressures on structures resulting from seis-
mic loading of backfill soils, including the effect of pore-
water pressure build-up in the backfill, shall be consid-
ered. The seismic coefficients used for this analysis shall
be based on the Level 1 and Level 2 earthquake PGA val-
ues.
Evaluation of earth pressures under seismic loading,
should be based on NCHRP Report 611 [6.6] or other
appropriate methods.
3106F.8 Pile axial behavior.
3106F.8.1 Axial pile capacity. Axial geotechnical capac-
ity of piles under static loading shall be evaluated using
guidelines for estimating axial pile capacities provided in
POLB WDC [6.8] or other appropriate documents. A min-
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