The of India: Constitution

The
CONSTITUTION
of India
Complete Book on Constitution
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INDEX
CHAPTER PAGE NO.

1. MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION. 1 TO 5
2. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 5 TO 8
3. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY 8 TO 11
4. 73RD CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT, 1992 11 TO 13
5. J&K PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT,1989 AMENDED UPTO 2018 13 TO 19
6. IMPORTANT CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT 19 TO 30
Constitution is a document that lays down the basic rules and regulations for people and the
government in the country to follow. It is a supreme law of a country containing fundamental
rules governing the politics and society in a country
The Constitution as adopted on November 26, 1949, contained; a Preamble, 395 Articles and
8 Schedules and divided into 22 parts.
Presently it contains, a preamble,448 Articles divided into 25 parts and 12 schedules.
The Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950. It came into force on 26 January, 1950
because of its historic importance.
Why it came into force on 26 January, 1950?
It was on this day in the year 1929, Lahore session of INC was held, presided by Jawaharlal
Lal Nehru in which Purna Swaraj was declared as the goal of INC.
Salient Features of Constitution
→ Indian constitution is the lengthiest written

* Written constitution means
the constitution which is
constitution of the world.* codified in a single document.
→ Constitution of India envisages a federal system of government.

** Features of a federal system
→ Parliamentary form of government.** of government.
→ Division of power
→ Integrated and Independent judiciary. → written constitution
→ Independent judiciary
→ Supremacy of constitution
→ Universal Adult Franchise***
→ Rigidity of constitution
→ Bicameralism
→ Fundamental Rights
*** Every citizen who is not
→ Fundamental Duties less than 18 years of age has a
right to vote without any
→ Single Citizenship discrimination of caste, race,
religion, sex, literacy, wealth
and so on.
Historical background
Nehru Report – August 1928 – prepared by a committee of the all parties conference whose
chairman was Moti Lal Nehru.
It was the first major attempt by Indians to draft the constitution for themselves.
In 1934 – the idea of a constituent assembly was given by Manabendra Nath Roy.
In 1935 – INC officially demanded to constitute constituent assembly to frame the
constitution of India.
In 1938 – Jawahar Lal Nehru demanded that constitution must be framed by sovereign
constituent assembly elected on the basis of adult franchise. The drafting of the constitution
was done by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly.
This body was constituted on the principles laid down by the Cabinet Mission Plan,1946.
Features of Cabinet Mission Plan
Total strength of Constituent Assembly – 389. Out of these 292 seats allocated to British
province, 4 seats to chief commissioner province, 93 seats to the princely states.
Seats were allocated to the provinces in proportion to their population. Approximately 1 seat
for 1 million population.
The members of each province to be elected among the three principal communities –
General, Sikhs, Muslims.
Representatives of princely states were to be nominated by the heads of the Princely States.
Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in the month of July, 1946.
INC won – 208 seats. Muslim League – 73 seats.
However, Princely states decided to not participate in the Constituent Assembly.
The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was held on December 9, 1946.
Dr. Sachidanand Sinha was elected as the temporary President of the Constituent Assembly.
On December 11, 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad and H.C. Mukherjee were elected as the
President and Vice-President of the Constituent Assembly respectively.
On 13 December 1946 – An objective Resolution was introduced by Jawahar Lal Nehru in
Constituent Assembly. It laid down the underlying principles of the Constitution.
22 January 1947 – Objective Resolution was unanimously adopted by the Assembly which
became the Preamble of Constitution.
Constituent Assembly also performed various functions.
→ It ratified the India’s membership of the commonwealth in May 1949.
→ It adopted National Flag on July 22, 1947.
→ It adopted National Anthem on January 24, 1950.
→ It adopted the National Song on January 24, 1950.
The Constituent Assembly appointed various committees to deals with distinguished tasks of
constitution making.
Among all the committees, Drafting Committee was the most important committee. This
committee consisted of seven members. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the chairman of this
committee.
On 26 November 1949 – The Constitution of India was passed and adopted by the assembly.
On 24 January, 1950 – The last meeting of Constituent Assembly was held. The constitution
was signed and accepted (with 395 Article, 8 schedules, 22 parts).
On 26 January, 1950 – The constitution came into force. This whole process took 2 years, 11
months and 18 days and the total expenditure was Rs. 64 lakhs.
Schedule of the Constitution at a Glance
Numbers Subject Matter
First schedule 1. Name of the States and their territorial jurisdiction.
2. Names of the Union Territories and their extent.
Second Schedule Provisions relating to the emoluments, allowances, privileges.
Third Schedule Forms of Oaths or Affirmations.
Fourth Schedule Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and the union
territories.
Fifth Schedule Provisions relating to the administration and control of scheduled
areas and scheduled tribes.
Sixth Schedule Provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in the states
of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
Seventh Schedule Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of
List I (Union List), List II (State List) and List III (Concurrent List).
Presently, the Union List contains 100 subjects (originally 97).
Eighth Schedule Languages recognized by the Constitution. Originally, it had 14
languages but presently there are 22 languages. Sindhi was added
by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967; Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali
were added by the 71st Amendment Act of 1992; and Bodo, Dongri,
Maithili and Santhali were added by the 92nd Amendment Act of
2003.
Ninth Schedule This schedule deals with the Acts and Regulations dealing with the
abolition of Zamindari system and land reform. This schedule was
added by the 1st Amendment (1951).
Tenth Schedule This schedule was added by 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, also
known as Anti-defection Law.
Eleventh Schedule Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayants.
It has 29 matters. This schedule was added by the 73rd Amendment
Act of 1992.
Twelfth Schedule Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities of
Municipalities. It has 18 matters. The schedule was added by the
74th Amendment Act of 1992.
Sources of the Constitution at a Glance

Sources Features Borrowed
1. Government of India Federal Scheme, Office of governor, Judiciary, Public

Act of 1935 Service Commissions, Emergency provisions and
administrative details.
2. British Constitutions Parliamentary government, Rule of Law, legislative
procedure, single citizenship, cabinet system, prerogative
writs, parliamentary privileges and bicameralism.
3. US Constitution Fundamental rights, independence of judiciary, judicial
review, impeachment of the president, removal of Supreme
Court and high court judges and post of vice-president.
4. Irish Constitution Directive Principles of State Policy, nomination of members
to Rajya Sabha and method of election of president.
5. Canadian Federation with a strong Centre, vesting of residuary powers
in the Centre, appointment of state government by the
Constitution Centre, and advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
6. Australian Concurrent List, freedom of trade, commerce and inter-

Constitution course, and joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament.
7. Weimar Constitution Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency.
of Germany
8. Soviet Constitution Fundamental duties and the ideal of justice (social, economic
(USSR, now Russia) and political) in the Preamble.
9. French Constitution Republic and the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity in
the Preamble.
10. South African Procedure for amendment of the Constitution and election of
Constitution members of Rajya Sabha.
11. Japanese Constitution Procedure established by Law.
Preamble of the constitution

“We, The People of Indian, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign
socialist secular democratic republic and to secure to all its citizens.
Justice, Social, Economic and Political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and
worship;
Equality to status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all;
Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
In our constituent assembly this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do Hereby adopt, enact
and give to ourselves this constitution.
The preamble of the constitution is based on the objective resolution drafted by Jawhar Lal
Nehru which was adopted by the constituent assembly. The American constitution was the
first constitution to begin with preamble.
It has been amended once by the 42nd The 42nd Act is also known as the mini
constitutional amendment Act 1976 which constitution. Because it made several
added three new words – socialist, secular sweeping changes to the constitution.
and integrity.
Fundamental Rights
Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the constitution of India which
are guaranteed to all citizens without discrimination.
The fundamental rights are incorporated in part III of the Constitution from Articles 12 to 35.
It is referred to as Magna carta of India. We derived inspiration from the American
constitution.
Article 352 deals with the national emergency.
Fundamental rights are negative obligations on When national emergency is declared on the
the state. Fundamental rights are guaranteed ground of war or external aggression , all
and protected by constitution. fundamental rights except Article 20 & 21 get
Originally there were seven fundamental rights. suspended.
When national emergency is declared on the
1. Right to equality (Articles 14 – 18) ground of armed rebellion Article 19 is not
2. Right to freedom (Articles 19 – 22) suspended. It is only suspended when
emergency is declared on the ground of war or
external aggression.
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3. Right against exploitation (Articles 23 – 24)
4. Right to freedom of religion (Articles 25 – 28)
5. Cultural and educational rights (Articles – 29 – 30)
6. Right to property (Article 31)
7. Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)
Right to property was deleted by 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 and was made
legal right under article 300A in part XII of the constitution.
Article 12 defines the term ‘STATE’.
Article 13 defines the term ‘LAW’.
According to Article 13 all laws that are not in accordance with the fundamental rights shall
be declared void.
(i) Right of Equality (Articles 14 – 18)
 Equality before Law and equal protection of law (Article 14)
 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place
of birth. (Article 15)
 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. (Article 16)
 Abolition of untouchability. (Article 17)
 Abolition of titles. (Article 18)
(ii) Rights to Freedom (Articles 19 – 22)
 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech and expression,
freedom to assemble peacefully, etc. (Article 19)
 Protection in respect of conviction for offences. (Article 20)
 Protection of life and personal liberty. (Article 21)
 Right to elementary education (added by 86th Amendment Act, 2002, Article-
21A)
 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. (Article 22)
FR available only to citizens and not to FR available to both citizens and foreigners
foreigners (except enemy aliens)
1. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds 1. Equality before law and equal protection
of religion, race, caste, sex (Article 15). of laws
2. Equality of opportunity in matters of 2. Protection in respect of conviction for
public employment (Article 16) offences (Article 20)
3. Protection of six rights regarding 3. Protection of life and personal liberty
freedom of : (i) speech and expression, (Article 21).
(ii) assembly, (iii) association, (iv)
movement, (v) residence, and (vi)
profession (Article 19)
4. Protection of language, script and culture 4. Right to elementary education (Article
of minorities (Article 29) 21A)
5. Right of minorities to establish and 5. Protection against arrest and detention in
administer educational institutional certain cases (Article 22)
(Article 30)
6. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and
forced labour (Article 23)
7. Prohibition of employment of children in
factories etc. (Article 24)
8. Freedom of conscience and free
profession, practice and propagation of
religion (Article 25)
9. Freedom to manage religious affairs
(Article 26)
10. Freedom from payment of taxes for
promotion of any religion (Article 27)
11. Freedom from attending religious
instruction of worship in certain
educational institutions (Article 28)
Article 32 states that if any of the fundamental rights are violated by the state or
through any law then under article 32 the person has the right to directly go to the Supreme
Court. The Supreme Court under Article 32 can issue writs for the enforcement of
fundamental rights. These writs are borrowed from English Law.
Writs are a written order from Supreme Court or High Court that commands
constitutional remedies for Indian citizens against the violation of their fundamental rights.
There are 5 types of writs:-
Article 33. This Article empowers the Parliament to restrict the fundamental rights of the
members of armed forces, paramilitary forces, police forces, intelligence agencies and
analogous forces.
Article 34. This Article provides for the restrictions on fundamental rights while martial law
is in force.
Article 35. It empowers the parliament to make laws with respect to the following matters.
a) Prescribing residence as a condition for certain employments. (Article 16)
b) Empowering courts other than the Supreme Court and the high courts to issue
directions, orders and writs.
c) Restricting the fundamental rights of armed forces (Article 33)
d) Article 34.
Directive Principles of State Policy
DPSPs are ideal which are meant to be kept in mind by the state when it formulates policies
and enacts laws.
They are not legally enforceable by the courts for their violation.
These principles are positive obligations on the state.
Article 36 – 51 under Part IV of Indian Constitution deal with the Directive Principles of
State Policy.
They are borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland which had copied it from Spanish
Constitution.
Indian Constitution has not originally classified DPSPs but on the basis of their content and
direction they are usually classified into three types.
Socialistic Principles Gandhian Principles Liberal-intellectual Principles
These are the principles that These principles are These principles reflect the
aim at providing social and based on Gandhian ideology of liberalism.
economic justice and set the ideology.
path towards the welfare state.
Article 38 Article 40 Article 44
To promote the welfare of the To organise village Secure for all citizens a uniform
people by securing a social panchayats and civil code throughout the country
order permeated by justice – authority to emable
social, economic and political – them to function as
and to minimize inequalities in units of self
income, status, facilities and government.
opportunities.
To secure (a) the right to To promote cottage Provide early childhood care and
adequate means of livelihood industries on an education for all children until
for all citizens; (b) the equitable individual or co- they complete the age of six years
distribution of material operation basis in rural
resources of the community for areas.
the common good; (c)
prevention of concentration of
wealth and means of
production; (d) equal pay for
equal work for men and
women; (e) preservation of the
health and strength of workers
and children against forcible
abuse; and (f) opportunities for
healthy development of
children.
Article 39 A Article 43 B Article 48
To promote equal justice and to To promote voluntary Organise agriculture and animal
provide free legal aid to the formation, husbandry on modern and
poor. autonomous scientific lines
functioning,
democratic control and
professional
management of co-
operative societies.
To secure the right to work, to To promote the Protect monuments, places and
education and to public educational and objects of artistic or historic
assistance in cases of economic interests of interest which are declared to be
unemployment, old age, SCs, STs, and other of national importance
sickness and disablement. weaker sections of the
society and to protect
them from social
injustice and
exploitation.
To make provision for just and To prohibit the Separate the judiciary from the
humane conditions for work consumption of executive in the public services
and maternity relief . intoxicating drinks and of the State
drugs which are
injurious to health.
To secure a living wage, a To prohibit the  Promote international peace
decent standard of life and slaughter of cows, and security and maintain
social and cultural opportunities calves and other milch just and honourable relations
for all workers. and draught cattle and between nations
to improve their  Foster respect for
breeds. international law and treaty
obligations
 Encourage settlement of
international disputes by
arbitration
Article 43 A
To take steps to secure the
participation of workers in the
management of industries.
Article 47
To raise the level of nutrition
and the standard of living of
people and to improve public
health.
42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added four new Directive Principles in the list:
1. Article 39 : To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children.
2. Article 39A : To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor.
3. Article 43A : To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management
of industries.
4. Article 48A : To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and
wildlife.
1. A new DPSP under Article 38 was added by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978, which
requires the State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and
opportunities.
2. The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 changed the subject-matter of Article 45 and made
elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21A. The amended directive
requires the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until
they complete the age of six years.
3. A new DPSP under Article 43B was added by the 97th Amendment Act of 2011
relating to co-operative societies. It requires the state to promote voluntary formation,
autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-
operative societies.
4. The Indian Constitution under Article 37 makes it clear that ‘DPSPs are fundamental
in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply these
principles in making laws.’
What is its full form? Directive Principles of State Policy
From which country is it borrowed? Ireland (Which had copied it from Spanish
Constitution)
How many articles are under DPSP? Article 36-51 belong to DPSP
Which part in Indian Constitution deals Part-IV belongs to DPSP
with DPSP?
How many types of DPSP are there? There are three types:
1. Socialist
2. Gandhian
3. Liberal-Intellectual
Have Directive Principles ever Yes, 42nd Amendment Act, 44th Amendment Act,
amended? and 86th Amendment Act have added/deleted a
few DPSPs.
Are DPSP justiciable? No, DPSPs are non-justiciable in nature.
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Are DPSP sub-ordinate to Fundamental There is a balance between both. Fundamental
Rights? Rights can be amended to implement Directive
Principles until it does not harm basic structure of
the Constitution.
Who described DPSP as ‘novel feature’ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
of Constitution?
From where does Indian DPSPs find its Irish Home Rule Movement
motivation?
What are the recent developments in There are various such acts enacted to enforce
favor of DPSPs? DPSP. They are:
· Prevention of Atrocities Act (In favor of
Article 46)
· Minimum Wages Act (In favor of Article 43)
· Consumer Protection Act
· Equal Remuneration Act (In favor of Article
39)
Panchayati Raj Institution/ 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992

Panchayati Raj Institution is a system of rural local self-government in India.
Local self-government is the management of local affairs by such local bodies who have been
elected by the local people.
PRI was given constitutional recognition by 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992.
Evolution of Panchayati Raj in India
In the Rigveda, there is a mention of Sabha, Samiti and Vidatha as local self units.
During the Sultanate period, the Sultans of Delhi divided their kingdom into provinces called
Vilayat.
The villages had sufficient powers as regards self governance in their territory.
During British period, Lord Ripon in 1882 provided the much needed democratic frame work
to these institutions.
This is considered to be the Magna Carta of local democracy in India.
Post Independence Period – After the constitution came into force, Article 40 made a
mention of Panchayat and Article 246 empowers the state legislature to legislate with respect
to any subject relating to local self-government.
Important Committees Panchayati Raj Constitution
In 1957, the national development council constituted a committee headed by Balwant Rai
Mehta to look into the working of community development programme. The committee
suggested a three–tier PRIs, namely
Gram Panchayat at the village level
Panchayat Samiti at the block level
Zila Parishad at the district level
As a result of this scheme of democratic decentralization was launched in Nagaur district of
Rajasthan on 2nd October 1959. It was followed by Andhra Pradesh.
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The appointment of the Ashok Mehta Committee in 1977 did bring new thinking in the
concepts and practice of the Panchayat Raj.
o The committee recommended a two-tier Panchayat Raj institutional structure
consisting of Zilla Parishad and Mandal Panchayat.
o In order to use planning expertise and to secure administrative support, the district
was suggested as the first point of decentralization below the state level.
o Based on its recommendation, some of the states like Karnataka incorporated them
effectively.
o In subsequent years in order to revive and give a new lease of life to the panchayats,
the Government of India had appointed various committees.
o The most important among them are the Hanumantha Rao Committee (1983),
G.V.K. Rao Committee (1985), L.M.Singhvi Committee (1986) and the Sarkaria
Commission on Centre-State relations (1988), P.K. Thungan Committee (1989)
and Harlal Singh Kharra Committee (1990).
o The G.V.K. Rao Committee (1985) recommended making the “district” as the
basic unit of planning and also holding regular elections while the L.M.Singhvi
committee recommended providing more financial resources and constitutional
status to the panchayats to strengthen them.
o It was during the Prime Ministership of P.V.Narasimha Rao that a comprehensive
amendment was introduced in the form of the Constitution 72nd Amendment Bill in
September 1991.
o 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments were passed by Parliament in
December, 1992. Through these amendments local self-governance was
introduced in rural and urban India.
o The Acts came into force as the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 on April
24, 1993 and the Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992 on June 1, 1993.
Salient Features of the Constitution 73rd and 74th Amendments
 These amendments added two new parts to the Constitution, namely, added Part
IX titled “The Panchayats” (added by 73rd Amendment) and Part IXA titled “The
Municipalities” (added by 74th Amendment).
 Basic units of democratic system-Gram Sabhas (villages) and Ward Committees
(Municipalities) comprising all the adult members registered as voters.
 Three-tier system of panchayats at village, intermediate block/taluk/mandal and
district levels except in States with population is below 20 lakhs (Article 243B).
 Seats at all levels to be filled by direct elections Article 243C (2).
 Seats reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) and the
chairpersons of the Panchayats at all levels also shall be reserved for SCs and STs in
proportion to their population.
 One-third of the total number of seats to be reserved for women.
 One third of the seats reserved for SCs and STs also reserved for women.
 One-third offices of chairpersons at all levels reserved for women (Article 243D).
 Uniform five year term and elections to constitute new bodies to be completed
before the expiry of the term.
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 In the event of dissolution, elections compulsorily within six months (Article 243E).
 Independent Election Commission in each State for superintendence, direction and
control of the electoral rolls (Article 243K).
 Panchayats to prepare plans for economic development and social justice in
respect of subjects as devolved by law to the various levels of Panchayats including
the subjects as illustrated in Eleventh Schedule (Article 243G).
 74th Amendment provides for a District Planning Committee to consolidate the
plans prepared by Panchayats and Municipalities (Article 243ZD).
 Budgetary allocation from State Governments, share of revenue of certain taxes,
collection and retention of the revenue it raises, Central Government programmes and
grants, Union Finance Commission grants (Article 243H).
 Establish a Finance Commission in each State to determine the principles on the
basis of which adequate financial resources would be ensured for panchayats and
municipalities (Article 243I).
 The Eleventh Scheduled of the Constitution places as many as 29 functions within the
purview of the Panchayati Raj bodies.
 The following areas have been exempted from the operation of the Act because of the
socio-cultural and administrative considerations:
o Scheduled areas listed under the V Schedule in the states of Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Orissa and Rajasthan.
o The states of Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram.
o The hill areas of district of Darjeeling in the state of West Bengal for which
Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council exists.
 In conformity with provisions in the Constitution Amendment Act, an Act called the
Provisions of Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 passed by
the Government of India.
J&K PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT 1989
This Act provide for the constitution of three tier structure.
Halqa Panchayats – at village level
Block development councils – at block level
District planning development board – at district level
This act consists of 15 chapters, 87 sections and 6 schedules.
Chapter-I Preliminary
Chapter I-A Ward Majlis & Halqa Majlis (This part was inserted by Act No. XX of
2018)
Chapter-II Halqa Panchayat
Chapter-III Powers and Functions
Chapter-IV Property
Chapter-V Conduct of Business
Chapter-VI Block Development Council
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Chapter-VII Powers and Functions
Chapter-VIII Property and Finance
Chapter-IX Procedure for conduct of Business
Chapter-X Holding of Election
Chapter-XI District Planning and Development Board
Chapter-XII Powers, Functions & Finance
Chapter-XIV Miscellaneous
DEFINITIONS
Halqa:- Halqa means the area comprising a village a group of villages.
Halqa Majlis (Gram Sabha):- It means all adults enrolled under electoral rolls or all adults
of village who are eligible to votes or all voters of the village.
Halqa Panchayat is constituted under section 4 of this Act.
Block:- Block means the area comprising of number of halqas.
Block development council is constituted under section 27 of this Act.
District planning development Board is constituted under section 45 of this Act.
State election commission constituted under section 36 of this Act.
Panchayati Adalat is constituted under section 47 of this Act.
CHAPTER I–A
WARD MAJILS AND HALQA MAJILS
Section 3–A. Ward Majils (Ward Sabha) According to this section there shall be a Ward
Majils.
All voters of the ward whose names are registered in the electoral rolls shall be constituted as
Ward Majils.
The ward majils shall meet at once in three months.
The meeting shall be presided over by the Panch.
Quorum:- Quorum of the meeting shall not be less than one-tenth of the total members.
All decisions taken in respect of any subject shall be passed by a majority of the members
present and voting.
Section 3-B. Functions of the Ward Majils
The functions of the Ward Majils is to assists the Halqa Majils.
Section 3-C. Halqa Majils (Gram Sabha)
According this section there shall be a Halqa Majils for each halqa panchayat.
The meeting of the halqa majils shall convened by the sarpanch or in his absence by the naib
sarpanch of such panchayat.
There shall be atlest two meeting of the halqa majils of the every years, one in the first and
the other in the last of the quarter of the financial year.
Village level worker is the Secretary of the halqa panchayat.
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His duty is to record the minutes of the meeting of the halqa majils.
The Quorum of the meeting of halqa majils shall not be less than one-tenth of the total
members.
Section 3-D.
CHAPTER II
HALQA PANCHAYAT
Under section 4 there shall be a halqa panchayat for every halqa.
Every halqa panchayat shall consists of number of panches not less than 7 or not more than
11 excluding the sarpanch (substituted with Act 5th of 2018). Provided that the sarpanch and
panch seeds shall be reserved for the
(a) schedule caste
(b) schedule tribe
(c) women
The village level workers or multipurpose workers or Gramsevika shall be the secretary of
Halqa Panchayat.
The Sarpanch is directly elected by the electorate of Halqa panchayat.
The Naib Sarpanch shall be elected by the Panch of the halqa panchayat from among
themselves at the first notified meeting of the halqa panchayat.
Inserted by Act No. 4th of 2018
Section 6. Disqualification of membership
A person shall be disqualified to be a member of halqa panchayat
(a) If he/she is under 21 years of age.
(b) If he/she is in the employment of the government or any local body.
(c) If he/she is unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court.
(d) He/She has been convicted of and sentenced for an offence punishable with
impressments for not less than 2 years.
Under Section 7. A Sarpanch or a Naib Sarpanch can be removed on the following grounds:-
(i) Gross misconduct
(ii) Neglect of duty
(iii) Any disqualification prescribed under Section (6)
(iv) Failure to attend three consecutive meeting of the halqa panchayat. (Added by Act
No. XXII)
Under Section 8. Whenever a vacancy occurs by the death or resignation of panch or
sarpanch the vacancy shall be filled by election or nomination within the period of six
months.
The Sarpanch or Panch can resigned by writing to the District Panchayat Officer.
Under Section 9. The government can appoint an administrator (government employee), if in
the opinion of the government or any officer authorized by it (not below the rank of
Additional District Magistrate) finds that a halqa panchayat is incompetent to perform its
duties.
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The period of super session shall not exceed 6 months during which the elections for the said
halqa panchayat shall be held.
CHAPTER III
SECTION XII POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF HALQA PANCHAYAT
The halqa pnachayat shall perform the functions specified in schedule 1-A.
Following are the functions of the halqa panchayat:-
(i) To prepare the plans for the development of the halqa in consultation with halqa
majils and their timely submission to block development council.
(ii) To deal with the problems of soil conservations, agriculture, sanitation, health, rural
industrialization, water management and other welfare programmes.
(iii) Regulations of fairs and festivals.
(iv) Regulations of buildings, shops and entertainment houses.
CHAPTER IV
PROPERTY
Section 13. Constituted the property of halqa pancahyat
Section 14. Under this section there shall be a halqa panchayat funds every halqa panchayat.
Section 15-A. Revision of fees and rates. The halqa panchayat may revise the fees and rates
leviable under section 15, at the most ones in a 2 years period. (added by Act No. XXII 2020)
CHAPTER-V
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
Under section 24(1). Every halqa panchayat shall hold its meeting atleast once in a month.
The meeting shall be convened by sarpanch and in his absence naib sarpanch.
Under section 25(1). The sarpanch shall preside over the meeting of the halqa panchayat and
he is responsible for the records of halqa panchayat.
He is responsible for the financial and executive administration of the halqa panchayat.
CHAPTER-VI
BLOCK DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
Section 27. Constitution of Block Development Council at block level.
Block development council shall consists of
(i) a chairperson
(ii) all sarpanch of halqa panchayat following within the block (inserted by Act No. XXII
of 2018)
According to section 28 every block shall have a chairperson who shall be a sarpanch or
panch in any halqa panchayat of that block.
Under section 41 the chairperson shall be elected by the electoral college comprising of
panches and sarpanches of the halqa panchayat falling within the block.
The election of the chairperson shall be held one month prior to the expiry of the term.
The block development officer shall be the secretary of the block development officer.
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The term of the block development council, the chairperson of BDC and the vice chairperson
shall be co-terminus with the terms of halqa panchayat. Under section 30 the chairperson of
BDC can be removed on following grounds.
(i) Gross misconduct
(ii) Neglect of duty
(iii) Any disqualification prescribed under Section (6)
CHAPTER-VII
SECTION 31 POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF BLOCK DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
The BDC shall perform function specified in schedule II-A.
(i) Compilation of all panchayat level plans and their timely submission to district
planning and development board.
(ii) Preparation of all block level plans and timely submission to the district planning and
development board.
(iii) Construction, maintenance and supervision of inter-halqa panchayat communication
system.
CHAPTER-VIII
PROPERTY AND FINANCE
Section 34 deals with the property and finances of the Block Development Council.
CHAPTER-IX
PROCEDURE FOR BUSINESS CONDUCT
Under section 35 every Block Development Council shall holds its meeting once in the
month. The meeting shall be convened by chairperson and in his absence by the vice
chairperson.
CHAPTER-X
HOLDING OF ELECTION
Under section 36 The power to prepare the electoral rolls and the conduct of all election of
halqa panchayat and Block Development Council shall vest in an election authority known
state election commission.
By the act 14th of 2018 the CHIEF ELECTORAL OFFICER shall vest with the power to
direct, supervise and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and conduct of election upto
December 2020.
The state election commission to be appointed by the governor for a period of 5 years on the
recommendation of a committee consisting of
(i) Chief Minister – whose chairperson of this commission
(ii) A senior minister nominated by Chief Minister – Member.
(iii) Speaker of legislative assembly – Member.
(iv) Minister incharge panchayat – Member
(v) Leader of opposition in legislative assembly.
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CHAPTER-XI
DISTRICT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD
Under section 45 Each district shall have a DISTRICT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
BOARD
This Board comprises of the following:-
(i) Chairperson of the block development councils of the district.
(ii) Member of parliament representing the area.
(iii) Member of state legislature representing the area.
(iv) Chairperson of Town Area Committees at the district.
(v) President of the Municipal Council.
The Chairperson and the Vice-chairperson of the DISTRICT PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT BOARD shall be elected by the members of the Board from amongst
themselves.
The District Development Commissioner is the Chief Executive Officer of this Board.
Term of District Planning and Development Board is 5 years.
CHAPTER-XII
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BOARD
(SECTION 46)
Following are the powers and functions of the Board.
(i) To receive all block level plans and consolidated panchayat plans and integrate all
plans into district plans and forward to state finance and planning department (added
by Act No. XX of 2018)
(ii) To approve the budget of the block development council and supervise their work.
CHAPTER-XIII
CONSTITUTION OF PANCHAYATI ADALAT
Under section 48 there shall be a panchayati adalat for every halqa.
This adalat comprises of 5 members. These members are nominated out of the panel which is
prepared and recommended by the halqa panchayat out of its electorate.
Qualification to be recommended are as follow:-
(i) Literate
(ii) Has completed the age of 30 years.
(iii) Is not a Sarpanch, Naib-Sarpanch or a Panch.
(iv) Is not under the employment of the government or any local body.
Term of the panchayati adalat is 5 years.
Three members of the panchayati adalat shall form the quorum.
Under section 50. The chairperson of panchayati adalat shall be elected by the members of
pancahayati adalat from amongst themselves.
Under section 51. The secretary of halqa panchayat shall act as the judicial clerk to the
panchayati adalat. His duty is to maintain the record of its proceeding and decisions.
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CHAPTER-XIV
MISCELLANEOUS
Under section 80. The state may make rules for the matters related to this act.
Under Section 81. The state government may by law can empower the halqa panchayat to
may bye-laws for carrying out its duties and functions specified under this Act.
Under section 82. The dispute related to the ownership of any property between the halqa
panchayats shall be decided by the government whose decision is final in it.
Section 83. Repealed or deleted the J&K Panchayati Raj Act 1958.
IMPORTANT CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
First Amendment Act, Added Ninth Schedule to protect the land reform and other laws
1951 included in it from the judicial review.
Seventh Amendment Act, 1. Extended the jurisdiction of high courts to union territories.
1956 2. Provided for the establishment of a common high court for two
or more states.
Forty-Second 1. Added three new words (i.e., socialist, secular and integrity) in
Amendment Act, 1976 the Preamble.
2. Added Fundamental Duties by the citizens (new Part IV A).
Forty-Fourth Amendment Deleted the right to property from the list of Fundamental Rights
Act, 1978 and made it only a legal right.
Sixty-First Amendment Reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years for the Lok
Act, 1989 Sabha and state legislative assembly elections.
Eighty-Sixth Amendment 1. Made elementary education a fundamental right. (Article 21A)
Act, 2002 2. Added a new fundamental duty under Article 51A.
3. Changed the subject matter of Article 45 in directive principles.
Ninety-Second Included four more languages in the English Schedule. They are
Amendment Act, 2003 Bodo, Dogri (Dongri), Mathilli (Maithili) and Santhali. With this,
the total number of constitutionally recognized languages
increased to 22.
One-Hundred One Goods and service tax was introduced
Amendment Act, 2016
One-Hundred Second Constitutional status was granted to national commission for
Constitutional backward classes.
Amendment Act, 2018
One-Hundred Third A maximum of 10% reservation for economically weaker
Amendment Act, 2019 sections.
One-Hundred Fourth 1. Extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok
Amendment Act, 2020 Sabha and state legislative assemblies from 70 years to 80.
2. Removed the reserved seats for the Anglo-Indians Community
in the Lok Sabha.
19
1. The Constituent Assembly of India was step up under the framework of?
a) Cripps mission (1942) b) Cabinet mission (1946)
c) Simon commission (1927) d) None of these
2. After the creation of Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in 1947, the membership of
Constituent Assembly of India was reduced to 299 from 389 earlier. What was the
total number of members from the provinces in the Constituent Assembly?
a) 229 b) 70 c) 292 d) 93
3. The Constituent Assembly of India was passed and adopted on which of the following
days?
a) 24 January, 1950 b) 26 January, 1950
c) 26 November, 1949 d) 29 August, 1947
4. The philosophy underlying the Indian constitution was embodied quite early in the
Objective Resolution, which was moved in the first session of the Constituent
Assembly (on 13 December 1946) by:
a) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c) Chakravarti Rajagopalachari d) Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
5. The national Anthem was adopted by the constituent Assembly on which of the
following day?
a) 24 January, 1947 b) 22 July, 1947
c) 29 August, 1947 d) 26 November, 1949
6. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly had taken place on December 9, 1946
was presided by whom as its interim president?
a) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad d) Dr. Sachidanand Sinha
7. The Constituent Assembly of India comprised of:
a) 292 members from British provinces, 4 from Chief Commissionaires and 93 from
Princely States
b) 294 members from British provinces, 4 from Chief Commissionaires and 91 from
Princely States
c) 291 members from British provinces, 3 from Chief Commissionaires and 95 from
Princely States
d) 292 members from British provinces, 5 from Chief Commissionaires and 92 from
Princely States
8. Who was the Chairman of the inaugural session of constituent assembly?
a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
c) Dr. Sacchidanand d) Sardar Patel
9. Which of the following are the common features of India and U.K?
(i) Supremacy of Parliament
(ii) a written Constitution
(iii) Bicameralism
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(iv) Prime Minister is the leader of the largest party on the floor of the House.
a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
c) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (i) and (iv) are correct
10. Which congress President during British Raj initiated the idea of a Planning
Commission?
a) Jawaharla Nehru b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Maulana Azad d) Subhas Chandra Bose
11. The Constitution of India, was drafted and enacted in which language —
a) Hindi b) English c) Tamil d) Telugu
12. In which language script, Constitution of India was signed by the members of the
Constituent
Assembly on 21st Jan.1950 —
a) English b) Hindi c) a and b d) None of the above
13. What was the total number of members in the Drafting Committee of Constitution?
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8
14. Who was Constitutional Advisor?
a) B.L. Mitter b) K.M. Munshi c) B.N. Rao d) A.K.IYER
15. The objective resolution was moved in the Constituent Assembly on
a) December 13, 1946 b) January 26, 1950
c) November 26, 1946 d) November 26,1950
16. The idea of Rule of Law has been taken by the Indian Constitution from
a) USA b) France c) South Africa d) Britain
17. For how many years, months and days, did the Constituent Assembly work on the
Constitution of India —
a) 2 years, 11 months and 19 Days b) 3 Years, 12 months and 16 Days
c) 4 Years, 18 months and 6 Days d) None of the above
18. Constitution of India came into effect from?
a) 15 January 1950 b) 26 January 1950 c) 15 August 1950 d) 15 January
1950
19. How much time it took for Constituent Assembly to finalize the Constitution?
a) 2 years 11 Months 18 Days b) 2 years 9 Months 8 days
c) 2 years 7 Months 18 Days d) 2 Years 5 Months 20 Days
20. Which of the following word has not been written in the preamble of the Indian
Constitution?
a) Sovereign b) Socialist c) Democratic d) Indians
21. Which of the following statements is not true?
a) The date of implementation of the Indian Constitution is November 26, 1949
b) The “Secular” word was added by the 42nd Constitution Amendment
21
c) The 42nd Constitutional Amendment was done in 1976
d) Social, Economic and political justice has been taken from the Russian Revolution
in the Indian Constitution
22. Which year is related to Berubari Case?
a) 1972 b) 1976 c) 1970 d) 1960
23. What is the meaning of "social equality" in the Indian Constitution?
a) Lack of opportunities b) Lack of equality
c) Equal opportunities for all sections of the societies
d) None of the following
24. "The language of Preamble" of the Indian constitution is taken from the constitution
of......
a) America b) Canada c) Australia d) Ireland
25. Till now, the Preamble of Constitution of India has been amended for how many
times?
a) never b) twice c) thrice d) once
26. The ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity in the Preamble are borrowed from the
Constitution of which country?
a) French Constitution b) American Constitution
c) Ireland Constitution d) Britain Constitution
27. The constitution of India derives its ultimate authority from ____?
a) Supreme Court of India b) Parliament of India
c) People of India d) Constituent Assembly
28. In which of the following the basic aims and objectives of the constitution are
discussed?
a) Part-I (b) Schedule-I (c) Preamble (d) None of the
above
29. In which case, Supreme Court held that Preamble is integral part of the constitution?
a) SR Bommai Case (b) Berubari Case
c) Kesavananda Bharti Case d) MC Mehta Case
30. In which part of the Indian Constitution, the Fundamental rights are provided?
a) Part II b) Part III c) Part V d) Part IV
31. Which of the following Articles contain the right to religious freedom?
a) 25-28 b) 29-30 c) 32-35 d) 23-24
32. Which of the following articles guarantees equality before law and equal protection of
law for all individuals residing within the territory of India?
a) 15 b) 14 c) 17 d) 18
33. Which article of the Constitution abolishes Untouchability?
a) Article 18 b) Article 15 c) Article 14 d) Article 17
22
34. Which of the following is correct with respect to “Right against exploitation”?
a) Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
b) Freedom as to payment of taxes for the promotion of any particular religion
c) Protection of interests of minorities
d) Equality before law
35. Which among the following authorities decides, how far the fundamental rights can
apply to the members of the armed forces in India?
a) Parliament of India b) President of India
c) Armed force Tribunal d) None of the above
36. How many freedoms are guaranteed by Article 19 (Right to Freedom)?
a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6
37. Which article of the Indian Constitution provides the right to constitutional remedies,
that allows Indian citizens to stand up for their rights against anybody - even the
government of India?
38. The concept of Fundamental Rights in India is taken from the Constitution of which
nation?
a) UK b) USA c) South Africa d) Japan
39. The Right to property has been eliminated from the list of Fundamental Rights by
which Amendment Act?
a) 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
b) 7th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1965
c) 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978
d) 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002
40. Which article of the Constitution provides equality of opportunities in matters of
public employment?
41. What is Article 22 of the Indian Constitution all about?
a) Prevention against Arrest and Detention
b) Right to life and personal liberty
c) Equality before law and equal protection of law
d) None of the above
42. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below
the lists:
List-I List-II
(Features of the Indian Constitution (Borrowed from)
A. Fundamental Rights 1. U.K
B. Parliamentary system of government 2. U.S.A.
C. Emergency provisions 3. Ireland
23
D. Directive Principles of State Policy 4. German Reich
5. Canada
Codes:
AB C D
a) 24 5 1
b) 51 3 4
c) 21 4 3
d) 12 4 3
43. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion etc. (Article 15 of the
Constitution of India) is a Fundamental Right classifiable under
a) the Right to Freedom of Religion b) the Right against Exploitation
c) the Cultural and Educational Rights d) the Right to Equality
44. The Ninth Schedule to the Indian Constitution was added by
a) First Amendment b) Eighth Amendment
c) Ninth Amendment d) Forty Second Amendment
45. Match List I (Articles of the Constitution of India) with List II (Provision) and select
the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-I List-II
(Articles of the (Provision)
Constitution of India
A. Article 14 1. The State shall not discriminate against any
citizen on grounds only of religion, race,
caste, sex, place of birth or any of them
B. Article 15 2. The State shall not deny to any person
equality before the law or the equal
protection of laws within the territory of
India
C. Article 16 3. ‘Untouchability’ is abolished and its
practice in any form of forbidden
D. Article 17 4. There shall be equality of opportunity for
all citizens in matters relating to
employment or appointment to any office
under the state
Codes:
A B C D
a) 2 4 1 3
b) 3 1 4 2
c) 2 1 4 3
d) 3 4 1 2
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46. The “Instrument of Instructions” contained in the Government of India Act 1935 have
been incorporated in the Constitution of India in the year 1950 as
a) Fundamental Rights
b) Directive Principles of State Policy
c) Extent of executive power of State
d) Conduct of business of the Government of India
47. According to the Constitution of India, which of the following are fundamental for the
governance of the country?
a) Fundamental Rights b) Fundamental Duties
c) Directive Principles of State Policy d) Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties
48. In which part of the Indian constitution the Directive Principle of State Policy are
mentioned?
a) Part 2 b) Part 3 c) Part 4 d) Part 5
49. The Directive Principle have been taken from the constitution of.......... ?
a) Britain b) Canada c) America d) Ireland
50. Which of the following is mis-matched?
a) Article 40: The formation of village Panchayats
b) Article 44: Uniform Civil Code
c) Article 41: Organization of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
d) Article 39A: Good Justice and Free Legal Education
51. The elements of Directive Principle of State Policy are explained in the articles.........
a) From 36 to 51 b) From 12 to 35 c) From 5 to 11 d) None of the above
52. Which among the following parts of constitution of India, includes the concept of
welfare states?
a) Preamble b) Fundamental Rights
c) Directive Principles d) Fundamental Duties
53. Which among the following is correct regarding Directive Principles?
a) Positive injunctions b) Negative injunctions
c) Justifiable injunctions d) None of the above
54. Which article of the Indian Constitution says that directive principles are not
enforceable by any court?
55. Which of the following is not a Directive Principle of State Policy?
a) Right to adequate means of livelihood.
b) Protection of language, script or culture of minorities.
c) The state shall Endeavour to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living and
to improve public health.
d) To develop cottage industries.
25
56. Which part of the Constitution deals with the Fundamental Duties?
a) IV A b) IX A c) XIV A d) X
57. Which of the following is not a fundamental duty?
a) To respect national Anthem
b) To protect monuments are places of national importance
c) To safeguard private property
d) To protect and improve the natural environment
58. The Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act was enacted in which year?
a) 1975 b) 1988 c) 1985 d) 1989
59. There are how many chapters in the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989?
a) 14 b) 15 c) 16 d) 17
60. The Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989 has how many tier of local self
government?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
61. Block has defined in which section of Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989?
a) 2(a) b) 2(b) c) 2c) d) 2(d)
62. “Panchayati Adalat” has been defined under which sub-section of Section 2?
a) m b) n c) o d) p
63. The provisions regarding Ward Majlis and Halqa Majlis are included under which
chapter?
a) I-A b) I-B c) I-C d) I-D
64. The Ward Majils shall meet at least how many times in a year?
a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 4
65. What are main function of Halqa Majlis?
a) To conduct social audit b) To approve different plans and programmes
c) To manage small water bodies d) All of the above
66. The chapter II of Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act 1989 is associated with
which of the following subject?
a) Block Development Council b) Holding Election
c) District planning and development board d) Halqa Panchayat
67. What should be strength of the Halqa Panchayat?
a) Not less 7 and more than 11 b) Not less 11 and more than 15
c) Not less 8 and more than 12 d) Mot less 6 and more than 11
68. Which chapter contains provisions regarding the property of Halqa Panchayat?
a) I b) II c) III d) IV
69. The Halqa Panchayat Funds consist of which of the following sources?
a) Taxes and levied b) Proceeds from property
c) Courts fees and fines d) All of the above
26
70. Block development Councils are mentioned in which chapter of Jammu and Kashmir
Raj Act, 1989?
a) V b) VI c) VII d) VIII
71. What proportion of seats are reserved for women in the Block Development Council?
1 1 1 2
(a) b) c) d)
3 4 2 3
72. Which system of the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989 deals with power
and function of Block development council?
a) Section 28 b) Section 30 c) Section 31 d) Section 35
73. Which chapter provides for the Constitution of Election Commission?
a) VII b) VIII c) IX d) X
74. The State Election Commission is included in which section of the Jammu and
Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989?
a) Section-31 b) Section-34 c) Section-36 d) Section-40
75. To become the State Election Commissioner of Jammu and Kashmir, the people
should have
a) Hold a post or remained an officer in the Indian Administrative Service
b) Hold a post in any Civil Service of the Country
c) Knowledge and experience about conducting elections
d) All of the above
76. The term of office of the State Election Commissioner is
a) 3 years b) 4 years c) 5 years d) 6 years
77. Which section of Act Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act 1989 deals with the
removal of the State Election Commissioner?
a) Section-25 b) Section-36 c) Section-27 d) Section-28
78. District planning and development board consist of how many members?
a) 1 b) 3 c) 5 d) 7
79. The term of office of the Chairman of Block Development Council is
80. The District Planning and Development Board comprises of which of the following?
a) Chairman b) Member of Parliament
c) President of Municipal Council d) All of the above
81. How many members in Panchayati Adalat are nominated by the competent authority?
a) 3 members b) 4 members c) 5 members d) 6 members
82. What is the minimum age to become a member of Panchayati Adalat?
83. What is the term period of the member of Panchayati Adalat?
27
84. How many members of the Panchayati Adalat form the Quorum?
a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Six
85. In which year the Panchayati Raj Rules were enacted?
a) 1943 b) 1994 c) 1995 d) 1996
86. Match List I and List II correctly.
List I List II
(Chapter) (Subject)
A. II (i) Property of Halqa Panchayat
B. IV (ii) Powers and Functions of BDC
C. VII (iii) Elections
D. X (iv) Halqa Panchayat
Codes
A B C D
a) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
b) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
d) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
87. Match List I and List II correctly.
List I List II
(Section) (Subject)
A. 3-A (i) Constitution of Block Development Council
B. 3-B (ii) Halqa Majlis
C. 9 (iii) Ward Majlis
D. 27 (iv) Appointment of Administrator
Codes
A B C D
a) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
b) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
c) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
d) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
88. Which of the following committee recommended for Panchayati Raj System in India?
a) Punchhi Samiti b) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
c) Singhvi Committee d) None of the following
89. How many tiers are in the Panchayati Raj system of India?
a) One tier b) Two tier c) Three tier d) Four tier
28
90. Which of the following system is established on the basis of direct election?
a) Gram Panchayat b) Block Committee c) Zila Parishad d) Both b and c
91. Which of the following Article is related to Panchayati Raj?
92. What was the main purpose behind bringing Panchayati Raj system in India?
a) To Prevent criminalization of politics
b) Development of villages
c) Decentralisation of the political power to the general peoples
d) To reduce election expenses
93. Which schedule was added to the constitution by the 73rd Constitutional
Amendment?
a) 6th b) 7th c) 9th d) 11th
94. Which statement is not correct regarding "Gram Sabha"?
a) It is a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village
comprised within the area of the Panchayat level.
b) It is a village assembly consisting of all the registered voters in the area of the
Panchayat.
c) Its powers have been determined by the Central Government
d) Its powers and functions at village level are like state legislature at the state level.
95. How many posts are reserved for women at all levels in Panchayati raj system?
a) 1/3 b) 1/2 c) 2/3 d) ¼
96. Election to constitute a Panchayat should be completed before -
a) Expiration of 6 months from date of its dissolution
b) Expiration of 3 months from date of its dissolution
c) Expiration of 1 year from date of its dissolution
d) Expiration of 2 months from date of its dissolution
97. Ashok Mehta Committee in 1977 recommended for the establishment of:
a) Nagar Panchayat b) Panchayat Samiti
c) Maha Panchayat d) Mandal Panchayat
98. In order to ensure free and fair elections and to conduct all elections to the
Panchayats, the
power is vested with
a) Chief Election Commissioner of India b) Chief Minister of the State
c) State Election Commission d) Chief Secretary of the State
29
99. The members of Gram Sabhya are
a) Sarpanch, Upsarpanch and all elected Panchas
b) Sarpanch, Upsarpanch and Village level worker
c) Sarpanch, gram Sevak and elected Panchas
d) Registered voters of Village Panchayat
100. Which Constitutional Article defines the Panchayat Raj—
a) 243 O b) 243A c) 243 d) 243I
30
1. (b) 26. (a) 51. (a) 76. (c) D – iii
2. (a) 27. (c) 52. (c) 77. (b) A – (iv)
3. (c) 28. (c) 53. (a) 78. (c) D – (i)
4. (a) 29. (c) 54. (b) 79. (c) B – (ii)
5. (b) 30. (b) 55. (b) 80. (d)
6. (d) 31. (a) 56. (a) 81. (c)
7. (c) 32. (b) 57. (c) 82. (b)
8. (c) 33. (d) 58. (d) 83. (c)
9. (c) 34. (a) 59. (b) 84. (b)
10. (a) 35. (a) 60. (c) 85. (d)
11. (b) 36. (d) 61. (a) 86. (b)
12. (a) 37. (a) 62. (b) 87. (d)
13. (c) 38. (b) 63. (a) 88. (b)
14. (c) 39. (c) 64. (d) 89. (c)
15. (a) 40. (c) 65. (d) 90. ( )
16. (d) 41. (a) 66. (d) 91. (a)
17. (d) 42. (c) 67. (a) 92. (c)
18. (b) 43. (b) 68. (d) 93. (d)
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The of India: Constitution

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The of India: Constitution

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The

Complete Book on Constitution

Theory and Solve Numerical with MCQ’s

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CHAPTER PAGE NO.

→ Indian constitution is the lengthiest written

→ Constitution of India envisages a federal system of government.

Sources of the Constitution at a Glance

1. Government of India Federal Scheme, Office of governor, Judiciary, Public

6. Australian Concurrent List, freedom of trade, commerce and inter-

Preamble of the constitution

Panchayati Raj Institution/ 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992

Pankil Kapoor Sir is B.Tech in Electronics and Communication and

Kiranjeet Sir is the founder of Commerce Zone , a premier institute in

Randhir Sir has an experience of over 5 years in defence exams

Address: 278, Near BSNL Exchange, Exchange Road, Jammu

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