was/were TAST NIGHT Now Robert is at work. At midnight last night he wasn’t at work, He was in bed. He was asleep. amv/is (present) > was (past): © | am tired. (now) I was tired last night. © Where is Ann? (now) Where was Ann yesterday? © The weather is good today. The weather was good last week. are (present) > were (past): © You are late. (now) ‘You were late yesterday. © They aren't here. (now) ‘They weren’t here last Sunday. B _ pasitive negative question T I he he | was not she | ¥@5 she | (wasn’t) baal it it we we you | were you | wore noe were & sey fweren’) © Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now, © When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs. © We were hungry after the journey but we weren't tired © The hotel was comfortable but it wasn’t expensive. © Was the weather good when you were on holiday? © ‘Those shoes are mice. Were they expensive? © Why were you late this morning? C short answers Vhe/she/it was. I/he/she/it wasn’t. Yes, No, we/you/they were. we/you/they weren't, © ‘Were you late?” ‘No, I wasn’t! © ‘Was Ted at work yesterday? ‘Yes, he was. © ‘Were Sue and Steve at the party?” ‘No, they weren’t’ (28) am/is/are => [EEE 1 was doing >10.4 10.3 10.4 uNtT EXERCISES 10 Look at the pictures. Where were these people al 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? T Cl2. SO an PREM a ; 1 George was in bed. 4 2. Carol and Jack 5 3 Sue : 6 And you? 1 Put in am/is/are (present) or was/were (past). 1 Last year she .W4S., 22, so she €., 23 now. 2. Today the weather nice, but yesterday it very cold 31 hungry. Can I have something to eat? 4 [feel fine this morning but I very tired last night. 5 Where woven YOU at 11 O'clock last Friday morning? 6 Don't buy those shoes. They very expensive. 7 Tlike your new jacket. it expensive? 8 This time last yéar Toon im Paris. 9 ‘Where the children?” ‘I don’t know: They in the garden ten minutes ago’ Put in was/were or wasn'Yweren’t | We weren't happy with the hotel. Our room ..W@. very small and it .#4Sn'b.. very clean. 2 George at work last week because he ill. He’s better now. 3. Yesterday a public holiday so the shops closed. They're open today. a Sue and Bill at the party?” “Sue there but Bill 5 ‘Where are my keys?” ‘I don’t know. They on the table but they're not there now? 6 You at home last night. Where you? Write the questions. Use the words in brackets (...) in the correct order + was/were, 4 1 | (late / you / this morning / why?) Why, were, you. Late, this, morning? —{ The traffic was bad. 2 | (difficult / your exam?) No, it was easy. 3 | (last week / where / Ann and Chris?) a a | They were on holiday. 4 | (your new camera / how much?) —{# Sixty pounds. (angry / you / yesterday / why?) Lh Reranse you were late. 6 | (nice / the weather / last week?) mT ‘Yes, it was beautiful. [29]ch Nh = ©worked/got/went etc. (past simple) A They ‘watch’! television every evening. (present simple) They /Watchéd) television yesterday evening. (past simple) watched is the past simple: Vwe/you/they he/sherie | Wachee B The past simple is often -ed (regular verbs). For example: work > worked clean —> cleaned start started stay — stayed arrive arrived dance > danced © I clean my teeth every morning. ‘This morning I cleaned my teeth. © Terry worked in a bank from 1986 to 1993. © Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime. © We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. ‘The party finished at midnight. Spelling (=> Appendix 5): try tried study studied copy —> copied stop > stopped plan — planned C Some verbs are inegular (= not regular). The past simple is not ed. Here are some important irregular verbs (see also Appendix 2-3) begin — began fall — fell leave — left sell > sold break broke find found lose ost sit sat bring brought | fly flew make made sleep slept build built forget forgot | mect met speak spoke buy bought | gee got pay paid stand stood catch caught | give gave puc put tke took come came go ‘went read read /red/*| cell told do did have had ring rang think thought drink drank hear heard say, said win won cat ate know knew see. saw write wrote * pronunciation © [usually get up early but this morning I got up at 9.30, We did a lot of work yesterday. © Caroline went to the cinema three times last week. @ Jim came into the room, took off his coat and sat down, [30] was/were = I didn’t ... / Did you... ? (negative and questions) = ago >na 11.3 a4 15 UNIT EXERCISES ‘lt Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple: clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want 1 [.cleaned.. my teeth three times yesterday. 2 It was hot in the room, so 1 the window. 3. The concert at 7.30 and at 10 o'clock. 4 When I was a child, to be a doctor. 5 The accident last Sunday afternoon. 6 Ita nice day today but yesterday it all day, 7 We onr holiday last year. We ata very nice place. 8 Ann’ grandfather when he was 90 years old ‘Write the past simple of these verbs. 1 get 99k... 4 pay 7 go 10 know 2 see 5 visit 8 think 11 put 3 play 6 buy 9 copy 12. speak Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form. lay Lisa (1) lem. from London to Madrid, She (2) up | fy, get at six o'clock in the morning and (3)... a cup of coffee. At 6.30 have she (4) home and (5) ...... to the airport. When she leave, drive 6 , she (7) the car and then (8) to the airport | arrive, park, ge café where she (9) breakfast. Then she (10) through have, go passport control and (11) for her flight. The plane (12) wait, depart on time and (13) in Madrid two hours later. Finally she arrive (14) a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid. | take Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.). 1 Jim always goes to work by car, Yesterday .he,went. to, work, by. car.. 2 Rachel often loses her keys. She sown last week, 3. Kate meets her friends every evening. She yesterday evening. 4 Tusually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I 5 We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday we . 6 Teat an orange every day. Yesterday I 7 Tom always has a shower in the morning. ‘This morning he .. 8 Our friends come to see‘us every Friday. They last Friday. Write sentences about what you did yesterday. 1 | played. volleyball yesterday... 4 2 5 3 6 [1(3: A | didn’t . Didyou...? (past simple negative and questions) We use did in past simple negatives and questions: infinitive positive negative question play 1 | played 1 phy 1 | play? start we | started we start we | star? watch | | you | watched you | 4. watch you | watch? have they | had they | tid met | have did | they | have? see he | saw he | (idn’s) | soo he | see? do she | did she do she do? go it | went it go it | go? do/does (present) —+ did (past): @ [don’t watch television very often. © I didn’t watch television yesterday. © Does she often go away? © Did che go away last week? We use did/didn’t + infinitive (wateh/play go eic.): Twatched they went he had you did © [ played tennis yesterday but I didn’t wi © ‘Did you do the shopping?” but did they go? (not he didn’t have did you do? ‘No, I didn I didn’t watch (iot ‘I didn’t watched’) ‘did they went?’) have time? © We went to the cinema but we didn’t enjoy the film. Study the word order in questions: did + subject + infinitive Did jours | phone | you? What | did | you do yesterday evening? How | did | the accident | happen? where | did | your parents | go for their holiday? short answers T/we/you/they | 4. V/we/you/they | 4.4.» Yes! he/sherie | di No, | he/shesit | tidn’e @ Did you see Joc yesterday? ‘No, I didn’t? @ ‘Did it rain on Sunday?’ “Yes, it did? © ‘Did Helen come to the party?” © ‘Did your parents have a good holiday?’ worked/got/went otc. (past simple) = IEE “No, she didn’t? “Yes, they did’12.4 123 12.4 EXERCISES Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative. 1 [saw Barbara but I didn’t see. Jane. 2 They worked on Monday but they 3. We went to the post office but we 4 She had a pen but she 5. Jack did French at school but he Write questions with Did ...? 1 Lwatched TV last night. And you? 2 Lenjoyed the party. And you? 3 Thad a good holiday. And you? 4 [finished work early. And you? 5. Islept well last might. And you? on Tuesday. to the bank. any paper. German. Did you watch TV last night? What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences. 1 (watch TV) (get up before 7 o'clock) T (have a shower) (buy a magazine) (cat meat) (go to bed before 10.30) BWERBN Write B's questions. Use: | watched TV. OR | didn't watch TV. arrive cost go gotobedlate happen haveanice time stay win 1 ‘We went to New York last month. 5 A: We came home by taxi. Where ..did. you. stay?, B: How much With some friends. A: Ten pounds 2A: [was late this morning. 6 A: I'm tired this morning. ‘What time ? B: ~ A: Half past nine A: No, but I didn't sleep very well. 3. A: I played tennis this afternoon. 7 A: We went to the beach yesterday, B: 2 Bs ‘ A: No, I lost. A: Yes, it was great. 4 A: Thad a nice holiday. 8 A: The window is broken. B: Good. Where 2 B: How A: To the mountains. A: I don't know. Putthe verb In the correct form — postive, negative or question. We went to the cinema but the film wasn't very good. We ..didx’t enjoy. it. (enjoy) Tim some new clothes yesterday — two shits, a jacket and a pullover. (buy) 2 3 i yesterday?” 4 The party wasn't very good, so we 5. Ie was very warm in the room, so 6 ‘Did you go to the bank this morning?” 7 ‘Lcut my hand this morning? ‘How “No, it was a nice day? (rain) long. (sta a window. (open) ‘No, I time, (have) cow that?” (do) UNIT 12 [33c [34] I was doing (past continuous) Itis 6 o'clock now. Sarah is at home. She is watching television NOW 6 OCLOGK At 4 o'clock she wasn’t at home. She was at the sports club. She was playing tennis. She wasn’t watching television she began a oe F a seston playing she was ph playing was/were + -ing is the past continuous: positive negative question 1 1 I he | vas | doing he | was not | doing was |D& | doing? she watching, she | (wasn’t) | watching she | watching? it phying it plying it__| playing? we running = running [we | running? you | were | living you oot living were | you | living? they etc | | they ete they ete What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working? ‘What did he say?” ‘I don’t know. | wasn’t listening” It was raining, so we didn’t go out In 1985 we were living in Canada ‘Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trousers. 1 woke up early yesterday. It was a beautifill morning. The sun was shining and the birds were singing. eeecece Spelling (ive — living / ran — running / lie — lying etc.) = Appendix 5 am/is/are + ~ing (present) —> was/were + ~ing (past): © I’m working (now). I was working at 10.30 last night. © Itisn’t raining (now). It wasn’t raining when we went out. © What are you doing (now)? What were you doing at three o'clock? PIED) was doing and I did (pst continuous and simple) >UNIT EXERCISES 13 13.1 Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? And what were they doing? Write two sentences for each picture. 5 Mie AND, MRS HALL Y Mey home/ - \ a watch TV cha fi the park / walk a 1 .Ann.was, at home... She. was, watching, TV 2 Carol and Jack .. They eo 3 Tom 4 cy 5 6 ANE YOU? Tver 13.2 Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. B.10—8.25 1 Av9.45 she was washing her car. 4 A12.50 r 2 AtI1.45 she . 5 Ac8.15 3 At9 o'clock 6 Ac 10.30 13.3. Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use what/where/why if necessary 1 | (you/live) Where. were. you Uving in 19902 In London. 2 | (you/do) at2 o'clock? | | I was asleep. % 3 | (it/rain) when you got up? | | No, it was sunny. 4 | (Ann/drive) .... 2 so fast?_| | Because she was in a hurry. 2 5 | (Tim/wear) a suit yesterday? No, a T-shirt and jeans. ~184 _ Lookat the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon, What was he doing? Write positive or negative sentences. 1 (wear / a jacket) He wasn’t wearing a. jacket. 2 (carry /a bag) : 3 (go / to the dentist) (eat / an ice-cream) (carry / an umbrella) (go / home) (wear / a hat) (ride / a bicycle) 4 6 i 8[36 Jack was reading a book. The phone rang. What happened? ‘The phone rang, What was Jack doing when the phone rang? He was reading a book. What did he do when the phone rang? He stopped reading and answered the phone. Jack began reading before the phone rang. So: When the phone rang, he was reading. He stopped reading. ered the phone. (past simple) | (past continuous) | (past simple) he began the phone he stopped he answered reading rang reading the phone = rseocannnmennne sb past simple past continuous @ A: What did you do yesterday morning? B: We played tennis. (fiom 10 to 11.30) @ A: What were you doing at 10.30? B: We were playing tennis. @ Jack read a book yesterday. (= from beginning to end) you watch the film on television last night? © Ic didn’t rain while we were on holiday. beginning end beginning (10 o'clock) (11.30) (10 o'clock) | [-@@—@—e> we played we were playing (complote action) (unfinished action) @ It wasn’t raining when I got up. @ Jack was reading a book when the phone rang. @ Were you watching television when 1 phoned you? @ I started work at 9 o'clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I was working. © Itwas raining when we went out, (— it started raining before we went out) @ I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They @ Jenny fell asleep while she was reading. did (past sismple) Twas doing (past conti were waiting at the bus stop. i while So144 14.2 EXERCISES Look at the pictures and put the verbs in the correct form, past continuous or past simple. unrr 14 Carol . DrOkE..... (break) her arm last week. It (happen) when she (paint) her room. She (fall) off the ladder. The train (arrive) at the station and Paula (get) off. Two friends of hers, John and Jenny, (wait) to meet her. Yesterday Sue (walk) along the road when she (meet) Jim, He (go) to the station to catch a train and he (carry) a bag. They (stop) to talk fora few minutes. Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple. 1 A: What Were, you. doing... (you/do) when the phone ...4%4.. (ring)? B: 1..Was. watching... (watch) television 2 A: Was Jane busy when you went to see her? B: Yes, she (study). 3A: What time : (the post / arrive) this morning? B: It (come) while I (have) breakfast. 4A: Was Margaret at work today? B: No, she (not/go) to work. She was ill. 5 A: How fast (you/drive) when the police (stop) you? B: [don't know exactly but I (not/drive) very fast, OA: (your team / win) the football match yesterday? B: No, the weather was very bad, so we (not/play) 7 A: How (you/break) the window? B: We (play) football. I (kick) the ball and it (hit) the window, 8 A: (you/see) Jenny last night? B: Yes, she (wear) a very nice jacket. 9 A: What (you/do) at 2 o'clock this morning? B: [was asleep. 10 A: 1 (lose) my key last night. B: How (you/get) into your room? AT (climb) in through a window, [37