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    CJT 12 Exception Handling 6X1

    Uploaded by

    Suman
    Xxxxxx

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 11
    Exception Handling Error handling in other languages + Error handling is done manually + Check return code (error code) of a function + Find out error description of the matching error code + Troubleshoot the problem Exception handling in Java + Error condition (abnormal condition) is handled by Java Runtime System, + Exception means = Error condition = Abnormal condition + Exception occurs due to the occurrence of unexpected behavior in certain statements + Java provides run-time error management in the program. Causes of Exception + Exceptions can arise due toa number of situations. For example, — Accessing aray element beyond ts size. Eg, trying t access the 11th element ofan array when the array contains only 10 tlement.(ArrayndexOutOBoundstxceotion) = Division by zero (Arithmetictxception) ~ Accessing a file whichis not present (FileNotFoundException) ~ Failure of /0 operations (IOException) ~ legal usage of null. (NullointerException) = Assigning value of vale dat (arrayStore®xception) yet an array What is Java Exception? + lava Exception isan object that describes exceptional (error) concition that has occurred in our code. + General working of exception = When an exception condition arises + Ths process continesutl he exepton sanded the aa system, lt eng lowe sact net tet cesion Exception hierarchy | Cm AWTError j_ Runtimetsception loexception Exception [AWTException InstantationException Exception classes hrowable i the base class of ll exception classes. It is kept in java lang package. All other exception clases are contained in Various packages. + Error class describes internal system errors, which rarely occur ~ We can only naily about this ror, we ea’ take any action + Subclasses of LinkageError indicate that a cass has some dependency on another class; however, the another clas has Incompatiby changed after tre compilation of the dependent dass + Subclasses of VrtualMiachineérror indicate thatthe VM is ibroken or running out of resources. + AWTError Is caused by a fatal error in AWT based programs Exception classes eption class indicates error caused by our programs and external circumstances, Such errors can be caught, as opposed to Error, and can be handled untimeException: indicates programming errors = Accessing out-of bound array Subclasses of RuntimeException = avraysorebeception IndexoutorBoundéxcepsion Exception classes + The lOException class describes errors related to input/output operations: — Invalid input (InterruptedlOException) — Reading past the end ofa file (EOFException) ~ Opening a nonexistent file (FileNotFoundException) Uncaught exception ‘lass UncaughtDemol public static void main(String ares) int d=0; int r=50/d; , + AWTException class describes errors caused by AWT operations. Uncaught exception Uncaught exception runing the rags =" po one ant reso/az | , public static votd main (String{] azae) ¢ | ytethod Q 7 > > Uncaught exception + Running the program The default exception handler shows entire stack trace Exception handling Exception handling is managed using five keywords =try —catch = throw throws finally Use of try-catch + Format wn statements that could generate error coneition , catch(Exception elf [print exception information 1 ake necessary action, any , Without use of try-catch Using try-catch Using try-catch + Running the program + Any statement inside try block, following erroneous statement does ot get executed ~ Le, wed net getAter myMethoe) elm outut + ut, statements after catch black do get executed, Multiple catch clauses Pain exception ject rina method cause cal tot tasting) Multiple catch clauses + Running the program: without argument Rule for using multiple catch clauses + When we use multiple catch statements, the exception subclasses must come before any of their super-classes + Aeatch statement that uses a superclass will catch exceptions of that type plus any ofits subclasses, + Thus any subsequent catch clauses are never reached ~ called unreachable code, + InJava, unreachable code is error. Therefore, such program would net get compiled Superclass exception as a first catch Superclass exception as a first catch + The program will not get compiled Nested try statements + Atry statement can be inside the block of another try + Working, = Each time a try statement is entered, the context of that ‘exception is pushed on the stack. = Ifinner try statement does not have a catch handler for a particular exception, the stack is unwound and the next try Statements (outer one) catch handlers are inspected for 2 match ~ This continues until match for catch succeeds, oral of the nested ty statements are exhausted, = If no matching catch is found, the Java runtime system will handle the exception. Nested try class Nestestiy{ public stati vold main(String args tl int aceargs length; System.outarintin(" arguments: ac}; Nested try Ine array arrlac]=100; , ? catch{ArrayndexOut0FBoundst ception e) int 50/0: sjstem.out pint "Aray index out-of bounds tl eh ifacs=2) ) r=S0/toe-t; ) iface=2) catch(arithmeticfxeption et System out prite("Division by zero: "¥e); ) Nested try Nested try (with line numbers) ) oo, ) Running the program: Nested try Ways to create Java Exception + Two ways: — Exception gets created automatically , due to some operation * Done by Java runtime system We can manually create exception and can throw it. + Programmers write code, uses throw clause Exception handling mechanism + Claiming an exception + Throwing an exception + Catching an exception Exception handling mechanism Claiming an exception = itll tothe compiler that during execution ofthis function, something wrong can happen, puble wed mysetnol rows aceon ~ The caller of such method has to use either try-catch or needs to pass exception tos caller by specifying throws Throwing an exception ~ The method that decared an exception can throw exception object Catching an exception = catching af thrown exception is dane using catch statements Checked exception and unchecked exception + Unchecked exceptions ~ These exceptions are rot required tobe declared or cme sing ~ Error, RuntimeE ception, and subelasses are unchecked exceptions = Seames: rehmeticaception, ArrayindexOutOFSoundséacertion, + Checked exceptions ~ Forallocter excpsions, method needs to claim/declare exception ~ Examples: ClassNotFoundExcepton,lOFxception, Irteruptedexespion Checked Unchecked exception: example impor javaio. class CheckUncheck public stale void uncheckMethoett System.out pritin(> Inside uncheckMethol)"); ‘throw new RuntimeException("Demo; Runtime error"); , public static vol checkMethod) throws 10Exception{ System out printin("> Inside checkMethod”); ‘throw new IOException("Demo: ]OException") Checked Unchecked exception: example (cont...) publ sated matnstinl a tw unchecetro) ) cateh(Runtimetxceptione} ‘Syster.out pritin(> During 2 call to uncheckMethod!) “eh } Checked Unchecked exception: example (cont...) oe ecko , catenloescepton ek System out pritin"> During a callto checkMethod) "eh , } Running Checked Unchecked exception: example Throwing checked exception without declaration + Throwing checked exception without declaration will ‘cause compilation error. * The following code is invalid public static void checkMethod() { ‘System.out. printin("> Inside checkMethod{)"); throw new IOException("Demo: IOException"); Throwing checked exception without declaration + Compiler will generate errors Methods related to exception + Some methods of Throwable class — public String getMessage() + Returns detalee descrintion ofthe Throwable abject = public String toString() + Returns short description ofthe Throwable object, — public String getLocalizedMessage() + Returnsa localized description of the Throwable objec. = public void printstacktracef) + Itprints the Throwable object ane its trace information on the console Rethrowing exceptions + Ifthe caller of method wants to do some processing related to the thrown exception, the called method can rethrow the exception, even after the called method has done processing ofits part tr U[ statements; ) catch{TheExceptionClass elf U/ perform operations before exit throw e ) The finally clause + The finally clause is useful when a method is using resources {fle db connection, network connection) and the method retuens prematurely. wr }eateh(Throwable e} } finally ) + The finally blocks executed in ll circumstances, whether exception occurs or does not occur + The finally black will execute even if na matching catch statements foun The finally clause + Any time a method is about to return to the caller, from inside a try-catch block, via an uncaught exception or explicit return statement, the finally clause is executed just before the method returns. + The finally clause is not compulsory + But, a try statement requires at least one catch or a finally clause. Finally demo clas FnallDemo{ publ static void throwExceptionMethod( tt sytem out rntnt> inside throwExceptionMethot") throw new Runtimetxception Fray Demo: Runtime enor 1 ‘aly System outprntin"> Finally of throwEsceptionMethod), : Finally demo (cont...) public static void eturnfromIryMethod() wt System out riatin(> Inside returnFromtryMethoe"); ) finaly, System out pritin"> Finally of returnFromtryMethod()" } ) Finally demo (cont...) public static vod svecessulMethoa tr System out printi("> Inside successfulMethod") ) finaly, System out printi("> Finally of successtulMethoa"); } Finally demo (cont...) publi stati vie main(String ares} wt throwExceptionMethodl} ) catehlException et ‘System out rintin(’> Exception caugh } returnFromTryMethodl) successfulMethodt); Running: Finally demo Exception in GUI based program + If exception of a subclass of Exception occurs in a GUI program? — Java prints the error message on the console (program isnot terminated) — Program continues its user interface processing loop. Test of ArrayindexOutOfBoundsException Arrayindex: a GUI based application impor java aut import java.awtevent.*; dass Arrayindex extends Frame implements ActionListener Sting!) ste") °CE,"CL,"EC"}; TextField f2=new TextFieid(20); TextField t=new Textfiela(¢o}, Button benew Button” Arrayindex: a GUI based application (cont...) public Arrayindex(String title super(titl); Panel pi=new Panel); pl.add{new Label"index"); pladd(tf); pladé(new Label('Value"); pladd(t2);ada("North'o1; Panel p2=new Panel); p2.add{b) adel"South"p2); b addActionListenertthis); setSize(600,100}; setvisible(tue); Arrayindex: a GUI based application (cont...) publi static wold mn Sing] 3 now Seayndet 30 axe , public od actonerormndActonent ae Intndoritegersanicn( gettext) ™ Strngleesininaer; Baste fateh ArmndexOuOfBounabeepion ‘Waseten leate Enter indexn the range Oto lt ent 1); Running the program Vala incex + sIvalid index non ESC as cninereoes a Without exception handling public void actionPerformed(Actiontvent ae}{ int index=integer parselnt(t getText().trim()); String value-list[index]; ‘f2.setTent(value); Running the program User defined exception classes + In some situations, we would like to implement our own exception types to handle application specific situations Eg, entering negative amount in withdraw operation ~ ryt issue a book (in concurrent environment) that has just become unavailable + We can do this by defining a subclass of Exception + Exception class has no methods ofits own, it derives from Throwable + We are not required to implement any method in our own. exception class. Thelr presence indicates that they are exception classes {anything derived from Exception) Account operation using user defined exception + We have Account object, which allows the following two operations —withdraw() —deposit() * For withdraw() operation, = User may pass negative value = Sufficient balance isnot available + For deposit operation, = User may pass negative value Account dacs Account private in 1; prvatedovble balance; ‘Account 1, double lance this balancesbatnee; ublicine get public double getalarcei return balance Account (cont...) public void withdraw{double amount}throws NegativeAmountException, InsufficlenFundexcepton( iamaunt

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