Thus, a frequency over-modulation (US patent 6,695,847 B2) Mectron Medical

technology was invented, which was able to solve all of the challenges associated
with the initial prototype. It even supported osteotomies on cortical and spongy bone,
as it generated maximum cutting efficiency without heating the bone.

From this point onward, Tomaso Vercellotti undertook experiments on veterinary

orthopaedic surgery to better understand the characteristics of ultrasonic cutting and
to achieve the first favourable results of tissue healing

From the start, he recognized that this technology could be used on all bone types.
Therefore, in order to broaden the horizon, he teamed with Orthopaedists,
Neurosurgeons, Maxillofacial surgeons and Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons,
concurrently with “in vivo” studies. This led to the clinical phase of formulating an
advanced principal for the use of this technology in oral, periodontal and maxillofacial
surgery (for example, implant site preparation, orthodontics microsurgery, new
surgically guided dental movements). Thus, the rise of a new bone discipline was
introduced as a result of significant clinical and histological characteristics.

Finally, in 1999, in order to differentiate between the traditional undermined

ultrasonic techniques, he called this new invention “Piezoelectric Bone Surgery”. Far
more superior and having a high efficacy. (Figure 2.2)
 Figure 2.2 : The first ever ultrasonic bone surgery device of the world. (1999-
Mectron
S.p.A., Carasco, Italy ) (as cited in ;Piezoelectric Bone Surgery- A new Paradigm-
Tomaso Vercellotti . 2020)

At the start of the millennium (2000), the first ever literary resource on this technique
was published in the International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry,
titled Piezoelectric Bone Surgery, which illustrated a clinical scenario of ridge
expansion. In the article, an extreme thinness and mineralization of the edentates
crest was described, as it was a complex clinical situation. Therefore, there was no
possibility of osteotomy by any other surgical instrument than the Piezosurgery®.

Overall, this ideology of piezoelectric bone surgery and the intensive clinical
experimental research projects led to the formulation of Mectron Piezosurgery®. The
Mectron PiezoSurgery® was fundamentally based on its ability to carry out minimally
invasive surgery that tends to enhance the tissue healing and decrease discomfort
for the patient. Also, it resulted in decreased levels of postoperative pain and
swelling, in contrast to traditional techniques

One of the other key elements for the Mectron device is the predictable behaviour
when it comes to bone surgery. This not only superseded the treatment efficiency
but also brought about the ease of control over the instrument and reduced bleeding.
These factors of precision and the strong potential for faster tissue healing leads to a
predictable surgical outcome even in complex anatomical situations.

In revealing this invention to the scientific body, the author wanted to first be well
informed and responsible. Thus, he started a research and training initiative
throughout Italy, Europe and Canada which helped to fortify his skills. Due to the
originality of Mectron Piezosurgery®, each principal of piezoelectric surgery was
acceptable to the scientific community.
Bringing all of these events together resulted in the publication of seventy articles in
well-known magazines and journals, which considered the different aspects and
implementations of piezoelectric bone surgery, with implant site preparation and
orthodontic microsurgery being the most innovative and novel.

The Mectron Piezosurgery® uses bone cutters which are operated by micromotors.
This precise cutting by ultrasonic micro vibrations results in decreased pressure on
the handle, thus gaining increased surgical control, due to the correct equilibrium
between speed of movement and applied pressure, as compared to the traditional
macro vibration, which requires considerable force on the instrument handle.

As this technology was presented to the world, it became clear that there was a dire
need for a proper training centre. In 2005, the Piezo Surgery Academy for Advanced
Surgical Study was founded. The goal of this institution was to provide intimate
knowledge about piezoelectric surgery. It included all the skills from beginner to
advanced level, with
particular emphasis on osteotomy and osteoplasty interventions.

In 1950, the commercial and non-commercial sectors were fascinated with the
production of ultrasonic transducers (>20000Hz which is out of normal hearing
range). This led to the understanding that this technology could provide endless
opportunities in various sectors. One of the many sectors was the medical sector,
which would undoubtedly gain the most benefit from this invention. Dental scaling is
one common example of how it has evolved over the last two decades: from manual
curettes to the well-developed electromechanical transducers. Lying in the forefront
of this technology is the piezoelectric phenomenon.

By learning the technology used in scaling, a newer development from Mectron was
formulated. It considered the ultrasonic frequency for bone surgery, which was
evolving around the idea of Tomas Vercellotti near the end of 1900s.This laid the
foundation of the technology named Mectron Piezosurgery®. ( Figure 2.03)