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UNION OF INDIA
KEY FACTS:
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.), a retired judge of the Madras High Court, challenged the
constitutional validity of the Aadhaar scheme. He argued that the scheme violated the right to
privacy. A three-judge bench held that a larger bench should determine whether the Constitution
of India guarantees a right to privacy. A nine-judge bench decided this case.
Natural Rights
The Court acknowledged that certain rights are not bestowed by the State but are inhered by a
person by virtue of being human. All individuals have natural rights, irrespective of their class,
economic status, gender or sexual orientation. Significantly, the right to self-determine sexual
orientation was also recognised as a natural right.