The ovary (Ovarium) is 3 x 1.5 x 1 cm in size and oval.

A tubal extremi ty (Extremitas tubaria) and an uterine extremity (Extremitas uterina) are distinguished. The mesovarium is
attached to the anterior margin (Mar go mesovaricus), but the posterior margin is loose (Margo liber). Uterus, uterine tube, and ovary have an intraperitoneal position and thus, have
individual peritoneal duplicatures covered by a Tunica se rosa. The following ligaments and attachments are relevant for gynae cological surgical procedures:

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Lig. latum uteri: broad ligament as frontal peritoneal fold

Mesovar and Mesosalpinx: peritoneal duplicatures of ovary and uterine tube, respectively, connected to the Lig. latum
Lig. cardinale (Lig. transversum cervicis): connective tissue con necting the Cervix to the lateral pelvic wall
Lig. rectouterinum (clinical term: Lig. sacrouterinum): connective tis sue attaching the Cervix dorsally
Lig. teres uteri (clinical term: Lig. rotundum): the round ligament coursing from the uterotubal junction through the inguinal canal to the Labia majora
Lig. ovarii proprium: the ovarian ligament connects ovary and Uterus Lig. suspensorium ovarii (clinical term: Lig. infundibulopelvicum):

The symptoms are variable. Even with minor degree, the symptoms may be pronounced, paradoxically there
may not be any appreciable symptom even in severe degree. However, the following symptoms are usually
associated:

1. (a)  Feeling of something coming down per vaginum, especially while she is moving about. There may
be variable discomfort on walking when the mass comes outside the introitus.
2. (b)  Backache or dragging pain in the pelvis.

The above two symptoms are usually relieved on lying down.

3. (c)  Dyspareunia.
4. (d)  Urinary symptoms (in presence of cystocele).
o   Difficulty in passing urine, more the strenuous effort, the less effective is the evacuation.
The patient has to elevate the anterior vaginal wall for evacuation of the bladder.
o   Incomplete evacuation may lead to frequent desire to pass urine.
o   Urgency and frequency of micturition may also be due to cystitis.
o   Painful micturition is due to infection.
o   Stress incontinence is usually due to asso-

ciated urethrocele.

o   Retention of urine may rarely occur.