EEL ee ere cla) Instrument PUa aay te Mirela aie need to know to Pasta ea aetya eco) OG eCua) ee rad AeroCourse)See eee eee Tee TTT TTT TUT) Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook What pilots need to know to prepare for the IFR written examination by Rick Stevens AeroCourse ———————— StheditionThis publication is to he used for personal study only and is ‘ot to be used for insuction without prior consent from Aero Conse All rights reserved © 2006 Aero Course, It violation 10 reproduce of transmit any portion ofthis book by any proces oF 0 enter ts content into a computer without ‘writen permission ofthe Publisher Fst edition 1997 Second edition 199 Third edition 2000 Fourth edition 2002 Fith edition 2006 Printed in Cara, Published by: Aero Course Box 53034, 5108 Erin Mls Parkway Missatiga, ON ISH 1X8 (005) 1-887 La6 1-885 info@aeroceusse.com ISBN 0-9681270-0-241996 Cover Design: Michael Hetherington Cover Photograph: Courtesy of Bowing Commercial Akplane Group Maps and chauts have been reprinted with the permission of| ‘Geomatics Canacla of Natural Resources Canacl In the flying business, things seem to change at great speed. Due to conséantly changing rulations andl publcaons Ge the AILMD, certain questions may become dex! The ALM. references are cuentas of Amenximent: Apri 2005, ‘We have endeavoured to ensure there ae no typographical cervors in the publication, if you notice any inconsistencies or certo in the book please contact us via mil, telephone or fax so changes un be made to fare editions, Thank you in| advanceAcknowledgements Many thanks tothe people who help make this project possible. In particular: Peter Shewring who provided invaluable knowledge and encouragement. Les Carr of Air Canada who putin many hours ediing and proofing, Linda Fuller tor ber endless adminisracive suppor. Boeing Commercial Airplane Group for suppiing the cover pictae of the 737-404 sees, All the professionals of Environment (Camus and Transport Canada Flight Service branch who ‘went well beyond the norma cll of duty, Cain Drew Chant of Air Canada who edited and provided numercus suggestions. My futher. Frank Stevens, who spent many hours reviewing the final text Alo to all the sudents who have taken an Aeto Course ground seioo! who shared thei eas andl suggestions with me. ‘This eltion as wth the previous editions has becn revived and! updated to reflect the many changes in the IR fying ‘environment. Our team of Aero Course instuctons hase also ilenatied some specific areas that many oftheir talents an the pilots they ain de not understand completely, Many ‘new questions have been added or reve to adress these common weak topics Due to the continued dedication of all our inuctoes and in particular Les Carr, Peter Shewring, Temy MeClymont and Mark Auerman, this new edtion will he even more valtable {0 our sudents and LR piles, [would als lke to acknowledge NAV CANADA for going beyond the ell of duty to supply the hest possible chars and approach plates for inclusion withthe workbook, Many of the Saff at NAV CANADA were involved and we woul like to thank them for their time andl eff. Rick StevensST TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT) Introduction A guide to using the book his manual was developed from the Aero Course Unique ground school progam which has enabled sousaeuls of plots to pass the insiment eating. ‘exam. It embodies the lessons we have leamed fom over ‘eighteen years of teaching IFR ground schools, Lis designed to lead suidentsin logical progression through the seps and knowledge necessiy to cary out an TFR Hight tis intended to prepare studenis to sucoessily write the Transport Gana insrument exam and io expose the pilot tw the practical world of instrument flying This manual shines theoretical and practi questions. It does not ry to teach “answers” but ther provide «sold! background of knowledge, so the student will be able to arrive a the comect solutions on their anspor Ca This manual consists of six sections of questions compile a5 you would methodically plan and fly an IER fight, I takes the pilot through the processes, as well as challenges the wudnt, 0 research the information requited to hecome a ‘competent insrument pilot san excellent rning guide for self sudy or in conjunction with Aero Course exam Preparation ground schools. This manual is writen noe only Jor the abit insirumentpilet but san excellent review foe {he experienced TFR flyer oF for those pilots who have heen away fom the IMC environment for some te, Alter completing this manual we encourage studs 0 write ‘our challenging IF Practice Exam so that students can gauge their progress and understanding of the material prior auverapting the actual Transpoxt Canada INRAT esa, The ssunple exaan can be found on our website wovw.aetocourse com, se the [FR section, Fifth edition {nour fifth eition we have updated the Met Practical sextion, the approach plates and associated questions and have added « number of new GPS questions to reflect the shift 0 GPS approach procedures. In order to keep the reference section and the [FR sample exam curren, they can now be found on our website www: aerocouuse.comn, SECTION HIGHLIGHTS MET theory Ic isimporant forall students to have a basic understanding ‘of weather theory and be abe to deal with the practical ‘weather conditions associated with TFR fying. Tis chapter provides 2 wview of basic weather theory ak wel 3s Jntoducing new subject matter to the VER pio such 28 alcraft cing and airborne weather raat Practical MET This section provides actual example of aviation weather forecass, tepons andl charts which voxlay’s FR ple is expected to he able to interpret and analyze, The weather sequences are presented in the sumac manera actual weather briefings and the questioss are designed help the student yo through the material in a kcal step by sep Flight planning and IFR procedures This, the ages section ofthe manual, consis of thee separate cross country exensises which involves in depth wwe nada Air Plot approach plats, LO charts and minima The execs cower dee ciferent asin Canada including the Fa coast ‘mountainous Brits Columbia and the North West TemesRadio aids This section covers the legal requirements, basic operating, theory and practical applications of VORVIS, ADF, DME, RADAR and GPS. Canadian air regulations and airspace This setion provides in depth undersanding of Canadian Air Regulations and Aspace ast petns wo IR ight, To wake -nudying ease, questions were aanged 0 follow along the same progression the relate material inthe AIM. Flight operations Amarsip relates tothe applicaon of ying knowlege and expedonce to promote safe fight opesitions, This section deals with akimeter eros, Hhsions, insmament fahues, approach sapeindicstons and Canadian Runway Fiction Index (CRED: Maps and charts 2 miner ofthe quetons in Flight Panning refer to approach plates and LO Chars included inthe hook. These maps and charts are tobe use for taining purposes only anal not to be wsed for aviation.Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Table of Contents MET theory Practical MET Flight planning and IR procedures Radio aids: Air regs and airspace Flight operations wll to 1-16 2-1 to 244 3-1 to 3-92 4-110 4-20 5-1 to 5-18 C10 6-14MET Theory Section 1 > MET THEORY References for this section include the: Air Command Weather Manual, A.1.M. AIR section, and From the Ground Up (To see specific references for each question refer to www.aerocourse.com) ‘The amount of water vapour that air can hold is determined by its: a) Pressure b) Temperature ©) Lapse Rate 4) Adiabatic Properties 2. Ifair is cooled to the saturation point at a constant atmospheric pressure, this temperature is known as the: a) Moist adiabatic point 6) Dryadiabatic point ©) Inversion d) Dewpoint 3. Relative humidity may be defined as: a) the temperature a given volume of air must be cooled to reach saturation. b) the amount of moisture held by a given air mass ©) the amount of moisture present in the air compared to the amount the air could hold at that temperature and pressure 4) the amount of water vapour that is released in the condensation processCanadian Instrument Rating Workbook Which of the following processes are primarily responsible for heating the lower atmosphere? a) Reflection and tangent rays b) Subsidence and divergence ©) Expansion and compression d) Terrestrial radiation and conduction Which of the following is NOT a heat distribution process in troposphere? a) Turbulence mixing b)——Advection ©) Convection 4) Convergence The average environmental lapse rate is a) 2°.C/1,000" by) —2.5°C/1,000" ©) 3.0°C/1,000' d) LS? C/i,000" The temperature of ascending saturated air will decrease at a less rate than that of ascending unsaturated air because: a) saturated air resists mixture with the colder upper air. ) long-wave radiation from the sun 1s absorbed by the condensed water vapour in rising saturated air, ©) saturated air rises more slowly with a resultant decrease in the rate of expansional cooling, 4) release of latent heat during condensation of water vapour. Which of the following is NOT 2 lifting process that can cause cloud? 2) Mechanical Turbulence b) — Advection ©) Convection 4) Convergence The term "Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate" refers to; a) the movement of air up a frontal slope. b) absolute instability ofa layer of air. ©) the temperature decrease with altitude ofa rising parce! of unsatured ait 4) the temperature air must be cooled before it becomes stable. ‘One of the prime determinants of air stability is: a) pressure gradient b) the environmental lapse rate ©) surface temperature. 4) frontal activity.ee eee eee TTT TTT TTT) 12. 14, 16. 17. (MET Theory An inversion: 4) acts as a barrier to vertical motion which may cause layered type clouds to form b) indicates a shallow lapse rate ©) assists in the development of strong vertical currents. 4) occurs when the lapse rate is very steep. Regions of stable air are usually characterized by: 2) poor visibilities due to accumulation of haze and smoke. b) clear weather. ©) heavy precipitation. ) convective clouds. The term "Station Pressure" refers to: a) the weight of air measured above an airport that is reduced to sea level ©) the weight of the column of air measured above an airport. ©) the rate air cools as it ascends. 4) the pressure of air when it is cooled to the dew point, Lines joining points of equal M.S.L. pressure on surface weather charts are called? a) Tsotachs b) —_Isogonals ©) Isotherms ) ——Isobars Isobars on surface weather charts are drawn at: a) six hectopascal intervals b) two hectopascal intervals ©) four hectopascal intervals 4) eight hectopascal intervals ‘When flying toward an anticyclone, you would expect: a) constant pressure, b) increasing pressure. ©) decreasing pressure. d) variable pressure. Wind is duc to: a) vertical pressure differences between high and low ‘pressure regions. 4) the coriolis force acting on high pressure surfaces © __ horizontal pressure differences between high and low pressure regions, d) the presence of "depressions" or “cyclones”. — 13 AeroCoursé)19. 21 24. 14 Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook ‘The isobars on a weather map are. spaced close together in a particular area, You would expect to experience ‘you were to fly through this arca. a) clear weather and light winds b) multiple layers of stratiform clouds ©) strong winds d) radiation fog due to subsidence During an ascent from the surface to 3,000 feet, the wind will normally: a) back and increase in speed. b) veer and increase in speed. c) back and decrease in speed. 4) none of the above If you were planning a flight from Montreal to Vancouver, where would you most likely find the most favourable wind conditions? a) North of a high b) South of a low. ©) South of a high, d) Through the centre of a low. ‘Air masses are huge bodies of air having uniform properties of: a) pressure and temperature. b) stability and temperature. ©) temperature and movement. @) temperature and moisture. A stable, very cold, dry airmass is called? a) Maritime Arctic b) Maritime Tropical ©) Continental Arctic 4) Maritime Polar In determining the names applied to frontal systems, the main factor considered is: a) the direction of motion of the colder air mass. b) the source regions of the air masses involved. ©) the temperature and moisture differential between the air masses involved. 4) the stability of the air masses on either side of the front. ‘What type of cold fronts are you most likely to be found in Canada during the summer? 2) Maritime potar and maritime tropical ») Continental aretic and maritime polar ©) Maritime aretic and maritime polar 4) Continental aretic and maritime tropical AeroCourse)26. 21, 28, 29. 30. 31. ‘MET Theory An “Arctic Front" would be found between? a) Maritime polar and maritime tropical air masses b) Continental arctic and maritime arctic air masses ©) Maritime arctic and maritime polar air masses 4) Continental arctic and maritime tropical air masses When a warm front dissipates, this process is called? a) —_Frontogenesis b) —_ Frontolysis ©) ‘Transition )—— Quasi- stationary. Which of the following factors may be used to determine the position of a surface front? a) Temperature, dew point, pressure and wind b) Stability, moisture and cloud ¢) Turbulence, cloud and precipitation 4) Lapse Rate, moisture content and convergent flow Following the passage of a cold front, the surface wind change will always: 2) shift from south to north. b) veer and decrease in wind speed, ©) veer and increase in wind speed. back and incroase in wind speed. A"Trowal” is defined as a) a tropopause wind analysis. ») trough of low pressure. ©) trough of warm air aloft ) a low pressure area associated with the cold air side of the Polar Jetstream. Extensive cloud decks commonly associated with warm fronts are caused by: a) the warm air being unstable. b) warm air overrunning the retreating cold air. ©) the warm air having a high moisture content. 4d) allof the above. During flight in the overcast of a warm front, the precipitation encountered by the pilot of an aircraft changes from steady rain to heavy showers. From this, he should deduce that: a) the cold airis moist and unstable. b) the warm air is moist and unstable. ©) the front is slow moving and has a steep slope. d) the front has a gradual slope and is moving rapidly. AeroCoursé)32, 33. 34. 35, 36, 37. 38 Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook ‘The first sign of an active wathy font approached from the cold air side would be the appearance oft a) —_altocumulus cloud. b) —_altostratus cloud. ©) heavy cumulus cloud. 4) cirrus cloud ‘The weather associated with a given cold front is determined by: a) the stability of the warm air mass. b) the moisture content of the warm air mass. ©) the speed of the front and the steepness of the frontal surface @) — Allofthe above Cloud formation associated with a low is due to: a) divergence and ascending air. b) convergence and descending air. ©) divergence and descending air. @) convergence and ascending ait. Large super-cooled water droplets are most likely to be found: a) inthe upper levels of cloud that has formed in stable air and where temperatures are well below freezing 6) in the lower levels of cloud that has formed in stable air and at temperatures well below freezing ©) inthe upper levels of cloud that has formed in unstable air at temperatures well below freezing. @) inthe lower levels of cloud that has formed in unstable air and where temperatures are only a few degrees below freezing Large supercooled water droplets are most often found in, 2) widespread layers of stratiform cloud b) upper levels of layer type clouds ©) upper levels of cumulus type clouds 4) lower levels of cumulus type clouds During a cross-country IFR flight, your aircraft has been encountering light to moderate icing. You’ notice that ice erystals are beginning to appear within the cloud and can therefore, expect that the icing will: a) increase in intensity. ) decrease in intensity. ©) change to freezing drizzle and inerease in intensity. @) remain at the same intensity. a) rime ice b) oar frost ©) clearice 4) coalesced snow grainseee eee TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT UN N) 39, 41 43. MET Theory ‘The formation of Clear Ice results when: a) ie pellets impact upon an A/C having a skin temperature just above 0°C. 5) moist air comes into contact with an airframe which is beiow freezing and changes directly into ice crystals ©) _ large supercooled water droplets strike and spread over aircraft surfaces. ) small supercooled water droplets freeze upon impact with an aircraft ‘You would expect that rime ice rather than mixed or clear ice would more likely form when the rate of, catch is: a) low and the droplets are small b) high and the droplets are large. ©) low and the droplets are large. d) high and the droplets are small. In cumulus type cloud you would most likely encounter: a) clear ice with a low cateh rate. b) rime ice with a low catch rate ©) clear ice with a high catch rate. 4) rime ice with a high catch rate With reference to aircraft icing the liquid water content in layer type cloud tends to: a) remain relatively constant with height when temperatures are far below freezing, b) increase with height and be maximum near the cloud top when temperatures tre not far below freezing. ©) maximum near the cloud bottom and decreases with height when temperatures are not far below freezing. 4) increases with height when temperatures are far below freezing. ‘While flying towards a stable warm front, you encounter snow. What would you expect next? a) Heavy cumulus cloud b) Snow grains ©) Hail and freezing rain 4) Ice pellets and freezing rain While flying through layer type cloud you would expect more ice when the temperature is between. a) 02sec bd) oIsec oe) 515°C ad 525°C Which of the following is false when comparing icing in cumulus cloud to layered cloud? a) More intense icing over a greater horizontal range. b) Less intense icing with greater vertical extent ©) More intense icing with greater vertical extent 4) Less intense icing over a greater horizontal range46. 47, 48, 49, 18 Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook The presence of freezing rain is positive indication of, a) extremely turbulent airaloft b) cold air aloft ) stable lapse rate )— warmairaloft Freezing rain occurs when: a) ipercooled water vapor sublimates upon being disturbed. b) Rain falls into a sub-freezing layer of air. ° snow melts and becomes very sinall supercooled cloud droplets. 4) Supercooled rain falls into an above-freezing layer of air. In the formation of hoar frost, the process by which water vapour changes directly into ice erystals is called a) condensation b) impaction ©) sublimation compressibility Which of the following conditions are most conducive for the formation of clear ice? a) Thick wing, large supercooled water droplets and temperatures well below 0~ b) Thin wing, small supercooled water droplets and temperatures well below ©) Thick wing, small supercooled water droplets and temperatures just below 0° @) Thin wing, large supercooled water droplets and temperatures just below 0° ‘The formation of clear ice indicates that the: 8) collection efficiency is low, the drops are small and the aircraft skin temperature is well below 0 degrees Celsius. b) collection efficiency is low, the drops are large and the aircraft skin temperature is slightly below freezing ©) collection efficiency is high, the drops are large and the aircraft skin temperature is slightly below freezing 4) collection efficiency is high, the drops are small and the aircraft skin temperature is well below O degrees Celsius. ‘The shape of an aerofoil is an important factor when considering aircraft icing. When comparing a thick wing to a thin wing travelling at the same airspeed, it can be demonstrated that the leading edge of the thin wing will collect a) the same amount of ice per square inch when flying through cloud having a high liquid water content, b) less ice per square inch. ©) the same amount of ice per square inch when skin temperatures are not far below freezing and the droplets are large. d) more ice per square inch. | AgtoCourse)TTT eee TTT TTT TTT TTT 53. 54, 55. 56. 37, ‘MET Theory With respect to airframe icing, choose from the factors listed below those that determine the rate of | catch (collection efficiency): Acwo.9 Supercooled water droplet size. The number of freezing layers present. The temperature of the individual supercooled droplets The number of supercooled water droplets present. Aireraft speed. ‘The length of time that the aircraft has been flying in cloud. Shape of the aircraft wing, 2347 L457 35,6 124.6 ‘You would expect fog to form when: a) b) °) d there is @ high moisture content, an abundance of condensation nuclei and some condensation process. there is mechanical turbulence, light wind and low moisture content. there is high relative humidity, an abundance of condensation nuclei and some lifting process. ‘warm dry air is heated by the earth's radiation of heat. A requirement for the formation of all types of fog is: a) b) °) d a high relative humidity. ‘a wind speed of not less than 6 kts or more than 12 kts. relatively clear sky. aan almost calm wind condition. (Clear skies, moist air and light winds favour the formation of a) b) °) d) advection fog upslope fog dew radiation fog ‘The development of radiation fog can be aided by a) b) °) d ahigh, thick cloud layer clear skies acalm wind ‘water vapor being added to the air Which of the following processes can produce both fog and cloud? a) b) °) d Divergence Convection ‘Advection Subsidence 1958, 59, 60. 61 62, 63 1-10 (Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook ‘The region southeast of Newfoundland is subject to extensive fog during the spring and summer. They are due to: ) _ intense evaporation of water from the warm waters of the gulf stream into cold air moving in from the north, b) warm, moist air from the Gulf Stream moving over the cold water of the Labrador current. ©) pronounced nocturnal cooling of the ocean waters and subsequent on shore flow of saturated 4) moist tropical air moving in over the colder land surface of southeast Newfoundland. ‘When comparing advection fog to radiation fog, you would know that: ACW 106 ) Both advection and radiation fog depend on the presence of clear skies at night forthe formation. b) _Advection fog requires considerably higher relative humidity for its formation than does radiation fog. ©) __Advection fog can form over both land and water, whereas radiation fog forms only over the land. 4) Both advection and radiation fog require a very strong wind to assist in their formation. ‘The formation of Upslope Fog is due to: a) lowlevel inversion. b) precipitation ©) _tadiation cooling. 4) expansional cooling. When the wind moves moist, stable air from east to west over the Prairies, which of the following ‘weather phenomena would be expected to occur? a) Widespread rain shower activity b) "Chinook" conditions ©) Convective instability cloud development 4) Upslope fog Extensive fogs which are found ahead of warm fronts (pre-frontal) result from: a) the warm air becoming saturated by rain which is falling from the overrunning cold air. b) _expansional cooling of the warm air during the overrunning process. ©) the cold air becoming saturated by evaporation from rain that falls from the warm air. 4) _expansional cooling of the cold air as itis forced to overrun the wedge of warm air. ‘Which of the following is an atmospheric optical phenomenon in which the pilot appears to be engulfed in a uniformly white glow and neither the horizon or clouds are discernible? a) Sea fog b) —Advection fog ©) White-out @) Steam fog AétoCourse)eee TT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT NOY 65. & g ‘MET Theory Pressure Altitude is: ) the indicated altitude when the altimeter is set to the local altimeter setting. b) the calibrated altitude when the altimeter is set in the altimeter setting region, ©) thealtitude at which a given pressure is found in the standard atmosphere, ) the indicated altitude corrected for non-standard temperature variations, Altimeter Setting is: a) measured MSL pressure. ») station pressure reduced to sea level using the average surface temperature during the previous 12 hours ©) station level pressure. 4) station level pressure reduce to sea level assuming standard atmospheric conditions. A pilot flying at an indicated altitude of 7,000 feet will pass over a hill (elevation 3, 000 feet ASL) close to hissher destination airport. Ifthe pilot forgets to set the correct altimeter setting of 28.52" he’she will clear the hill by feet if the altimeter subscale is set to 30.32" a) 4900 feet b) 3100 feet ©) 2200 feet 4) 4000 feet A pilot flies at an indicated altitude of 9,000 feet from station A to station B. Before take-off from A he adjusts his altimeter to the correct setting of 29.54". The correct setting at B is 27.54". Assuming that temperature remains constant, eaacily halfway between A and B the indicated altitude will be 9,000 feet ASL, but the actual altitude if the pilot does not adjust his altimeter will be feet ASL. a) 7000 feet b) 8900 feet ©) 9100 feet d) 8000 feet The vertical distance between two specific pressure levels tends to be less in cold air than in warm air. This is to be expected since between two particular pressure levels: a) greater barometric slopes exist in warm air. b) non-standard lapse rates are more prevalent in cold air. ©) variable temperatures in warm air are more likely to lead to greater separation of pressure contours, 4) pressure decreases with height at a greater rate in cold air. Which of the following statements is True with respect to density altitude? 2) Density altitude corrects indicated altitude for temperature. b) Density altitude corrects pressure altitude for temperature ©) Density altitude at a particular landing strip is changing continually in response to changes in temperature and pressure, @) Density altitude is station pressure reduced to sea level using the average surface temperature during the previous 12 hours. —_ Ll AeroCoursé)a. 72, B. 74, 15. 76. 12 Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook Besides some lifting agent to Set air in motion, the other conditions mecessary for the formation of a well developed thunderstorm are: ‘an abundance of moisture and stable air. ‘unstable air at the surface and warm air moving a high relative humidity and unstable air. a low relative humidity and unstable air. ‘Transition from the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm to the mature stage is indicted by: a) strong gusty winds at the surface. b) the appearance of rain at the surface. ©) the formation of the anvil shaped top. @) an abrupt cessation in the down flow of air. ‘The dissipating stage of a thunderstorm usually signals the end of the storm. What is the indication that a thunderstorm has entered the dissipating stage? a) The domination of updrafts in the interior of the b) The appearance of roll or shelf clouds at the trailing edge of the cell. ©) The presence of downdrafts throughout nearly the whole cell. ) Intense rain at the surface. ‘The "roll cloud” associated with a thunderstorm is found: a) onthe lead side near the base of the storm, bv) directly beneath the storm, ©) all around the storm but not directly beneath it 4) onthe trailing side near the base of the storm. Severe icing in Towering Cumulus cloud may be encountered at temperatures as low as: a) -T degrees Celsius b) —-18 degrees Celsius ©) -25 degrees Celsius d) —-32 degrees Celsius The probability of lightning strikes occurring to aircraft flying within a thunderstorm area is greatest when operating at altitudes where temperatures are between: a) -10 Cand +15 € b) -15 Cand +10 C ©) -20 Cand 420 C 5 Cand +5 C ‘The greatest turbulence associated with an active thunderstorm will normally be found: a) _ataltitudes near or below the cloud base. b) _ in regions of the cell where the temperature is below -15°C ©) middle to upper levels of the cell. 4) inthe lower levels of a cell, especially in vigorous downdrafts. AeroCoursé) AgtoCour:ene ee ee NN eS S SST E ST ETT ETFS T TTT NN) 77. 78, 79, 80, al. 82, 83. 0 EE ‘MET Theory Airbome weather radar displays the’ greatest radar echo intensity from which of the following precipitation? a) Snow b) Rain ©) Wet Snow 4) Icepellets Which of the following is true with respect to airbome weather radar? 2) Cloud that is visible to the naked eye will always be displayed on the Indicator. b) Drop size determines radar echo intensity to @ much greater extent than does drop number ©) Frozen precipitation give stronger retums than liquid precipitation, @) The intensity of radar echoes depends solely upon the number of drops of frozen precipitation present per unit volume of storm cell cloud. ‘When a target is CONTOURING on a colour airborne weather radar set a) ight precipitation areas are no longer displayed on the indicator. b) both the sensitivity timing control (STC) and the antenna stabilization system are disabled. ©) areas of maximum storm cell activity (ie. areas of high rainfall rate) appear as "RED" ) a distinction between weather and ground returns can easily be made. Two characteristics of weather radar scope pattems known as "hooks" and "fingers" identify areas of possible: 8) lightning and heavy static discharge. b) moderate to heavy icing in cloud. ©) convergent air flow and ice crystal formation. 4) hail and turbulence. ‘When thunderstorms contour on airborne weather radar, they should be avoided by at least a) SNM b) = 20NM ©) 1SNM 4) 10NM An aitbome weather radar system is susceptible to a significant reduction in storm cell detection capability known as "Attenuation. This loss of effectiveness is caused by: ) antenna side lobe energy reflecting back ftom ground to aircraft. 5) overcompensation by the sensitivity time control circuit when intense storm cells move to within 20 NM of the aireraft ©) an uneven deposition of rime ice on the radome, 4) the presence of large amounts of precipitation between the radar antenna and target storm cells. ‘When flying in moderate rain the most important key to @ more informative radar display : a) is the use of the tilt control. b) is the selective use of mapping mode. ©) is the usc of different range scales. 4) is the use of the contour function. _ 1-13 AeroCoursé) AeroCour84. 85. 86. Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook Which of the following statements is true regarding Stormscopes: a) b) ©) d) It displays most electrical activity in a storm or line of storms. It does not detect the presence or intensity of precipitation, Itis able to paint cells behind other thunderstorms or mountainous terrain. All of the above. In winter, if CA air moves southward over the Great Lakes, you would expect a b) ©) 4d heavy thunderstorm activity. freezing rain over the entire Great Lakes Region, widespread showers of hail and ice pellets. the formation of heap clouds and the existence of snow showers over the southem portions of the Great Lakes. Which of the following would you expect to occur when maritime tropical air moves over the Great Lakes in carly summer? a) ») ° co) scattered thunderstorm activity fog continuous rain areas of steady drizzle AefoCourse)eI AALS eancac acoenkconenaranoscconcacceescarss cos MET Theory Answer Key MET THEORY ee AeroCourse) AeroCou LsPractical MET section 2 > Practical MET MET Exercise 1 HAMILTON/ON METAR CYEM 1201002 13006KT 10SM -RA FEWO45 BKNO73 OVCOSS 13/11 A2951 RMK SC2ACSAC1 SLP993= METAR CYHM 120200Z 15005KT 7SM -RA FEWO12 SCTO24 BKNOA7 OVCOS6 13/11 A2950 RMK cr2sc2sc3sci_sLP990= METAR CYEM 120300Z 13009KT 6SM -RA FEWOOS SCTO13 BKNO24 OVCO41 12/11 A2952 RMK cF2sC1sc3Sc2_SLP997= TAF CYHM 1123392 120024 12010KT PésM_SCT012 OVCO25 TEMPO 0006 35M -RA BR ovco12 FM0600Z 21010K7 65M -RA BR SCTOOS OVCO12 TEMPO 0613 2SM -RA BR OVCOOS PROB4O 1013 1sM TSRA BR OVCO1ScB ¥FM1300Z 18010G20KT P6SM ovcO25 BECMG 1820 15012KT MK NXT FCST BY 06z= KAPUSKASING/ON METAR CYYU 1201002 O4014KT 3Sw -RA BR OVCOO3 00/00 A2984 RMK SF SLP116= METAR CYYU 1202002 03010KT 38M -RA BR OVCOO4 01/00 A2984 RK SF SLP116= METAR CYYU 120300z 03012KT 1 1/2SM -RA BR OVCO03 01/00 A2981 RMK SPS SLP109= TAF CYYU 1201392 120214 04015KT 25m -RAPL BR OVCO03 TEMPO 0214 6SM -RA BR OVCO10 PROB30 0206 25M -FZRA BR BECMG 0608 03008KT RMK NXT FCST BY 08z= KINGSTON/ON METAR CYGK 120100Z 11014G20KT 15su BKNOSO BKNO8O 16/09 A2962 RMK SCSAC1 SLPO29= METAR CYGK 120200Z 12010KT 15sm OVcO35 17/09 A2965 RMK SC8 SLPOAO= SPECI CYGK 1202132 13008KT 108M -SHRA OVCO35 RK SCB= METAR CYGK 120300z 11005KT 10SM -SHRA OVCO30 15/10 A2966 RMK SC8 LAST OBS/NEXT 1210000TC SLP043= TAF CYGK 1119452 112003 12015G25KT P6sM SCTO20 BKNO30 TEMPO 2003 SSM -SHRA BR ovcoz0 RME NXT FCST WILL BE ISSUED AT 121145z=Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook LONDON/ON METAR CYXU 120100Z 15008KT 126M FEWO10 BKNO30 OVCO90 12/10 A2947 RMK SF2SCSAC2 SLP981= METAR CYXU 1202002 16009KT 15SM FEWO10 BRNO25 OVCO46 11/10 A2946 RMK SF1SCAsc3 SLP978= SPECI CYXU 1202462 17011KT 15SM SCT009 BKNO20 OVCO60 11/ RMK sP3scasc2= METAR CYXU 1203002 18008KT 155M FEWOO BRNOSO BKN100 11/10 A2948 RMK SF2SC2AC2 SLPS82= SPECI CYXU 120324z 17009Kr 15SM BKNOO7 BKNO30 OVCO60 11/ RMR SCSSC2sc2= TAF AMD CYXU 120006z 120024 17010G20KT P6SM OVCO25 ‘TEMPO 0012 3SM -RA BR OVCOOS FM1200Z 18012G22KT P6SM BKNO30 TEMPO 1224 36M -SHRA BR BKNO1S MK MET FCST BY 06Z= MOOSONEE METAR CYMO 120100Z AUTO 02011G16KT 95M OVCO07 01/00 A2999 RMK SLP158= METAR CYMO 120200Z AUTO 01012G17KT 95M OVCOO7 01/01 A2997 RMK SLP152— METAR CYMO 120300Z AUTO 01011G16KT 35M CVCOOS 01/01 A2996 RMK CPN 0.SUM PAST ER SLP148= SPECI CYMO 120302Z AUTO 01010KT 36M -UP OVCO06 01/01 A2996= SPECI CYMO 1203072 AUTO 01011G19RT 2 3/85M -UP OVCO0S 01/01 a2996= TAF AMD CYMO 1121072 112124 01010KT SSM -SHRA BR OVCOO7 TEMPO 2124 P6SM NSW Ovco12 PROB30 2124 5SM -FZRA BR RMK FCST BASED ON AUTO OBS. NXT FCST WILL BE ISSUED AT 121045z= MUSKOKA/ON METAR CYQA 1201002 AUTO 11006KT 7SM -RA OVCO28 OVCO77 13/12 A2955 RMK PCPN 0.5100 PAST HR SLPO10= SPECI CYQA 1201222 AUTO 11007KT SSM -RA OvcO24 12/12 A2956= SPECI C¥QA 120134Z AUTO 11007KT 3 1/2sM -RA BKNOOO OVCO18 OVCO76 12/11 A2957= SPECI C¥QA 1202122 AUTO 11005KT 2 3/8SM -RA OVCO24 OVCO76 12/12 A2956= SPECI CyQa 1203202 AUFO 11005KT 1 3/05M -RA OVCO1G OVCO76 12/12 SPECI C¥QA 1202252 AUTO 12006KT 1 1/4sM -RA OVCO11 OVCO76 12/12 z 1 SPECI C¥QA 1202572 AUTO 14003KT 1 3/8SM -RA FEWOOO OVCO09 12/12 METAR CYQA 120300z AUTO 13003KT 1 1/4SM -RA FEWOO1 OVCOO7 12/12 A2954 RMK PCPN 1.5MM PAST HR SLPOOS= SPECI CYQA 120303Z AUTO 14002KT 1 1/8SM -RA BKNOOO OVCOO7 12/12 A2953= SPECI C¥YQA 120315z AUTO 12003KT 1 1/8SM Dz OVCO01 12/12 A2953= TAF AMD CYQA 1123432 112302 13012G22KT 6SM -RA OVCO25 TEMPO 2302 25M -RA BR ‘ovcoo7 RMK FCST BASED ON AUTO OBS. NXT FCST WILL BE ISSUED AT 121145z= NORTH BAY/ON METAR CYYB 120100Z 10019G24KT 12SM -SHRA OVCO40 15/12 A2959 RMK SC8 SLPO22= METAR CYYB 1202002 11016KT 155M -SERA OVCO40 15/11 A2960 RMK SCB SLPO25= METAR CY¥B 120300Z 11016G21KT 125M -RA FEWO15 OVCO40 15/11 A2960 RMK SF1SC7 SLPO25= TAF CYB 120143z 120214 10010G20KT P6SM -RA OVCO30 TEMPO 0414 4SM -RA BR OVCO2 BECMG 0406 09012KT EMK NXT FCST BY 08Z= AeroCoursé)PRR RRR RRR RRR RRR EERE EEE Practical MET OTTAWA/ON METAR CYOW 120100z 10014G19KT 15SM FEWOGO BKNL70 19/10 A2971 RMK SC2AC3 SLPO6O= METAR CYOW 120200z 09017KT 15SM BKN130 18/10 A2971 RMK ACG SLPOG3= METAR CYOW 120300z 09019G24KT 158M BKNOS1 17/10 A2973 RMK SC7 SLPO67= TAF CYOW 1202392 120324 09015G25KT P6SM BKNO25 TEMPO 0608 SSM -SERA BR OVCO15 FM0900Z 09020G30KT 6SM -SHRA BR OVCO20 ¥M1200z 10015G25Kr 2sM -RA BR OVCOOS MK NXT FCST BY 06z= SAULT STE. MARTE SPECI CYAM 120045Z CCA 11010G16KT 35M -RA BR BKNOOS OVCO15 RK SF6SC2 /RERA/= METAR CYAM 1201002 08011G17KT 2 1/2SM RA BR BKNOOS OVCO17 09/07 A2944 RMK SPSSC3 YRERA/ SLP971= SPECI CYAM 1201392 09008KT 55M -RA BR SCTO09 OVCO17 RMK SF4SC4= SPECI CYAM 1201392 CCB 09008KT 55M -RA BR SCTO09 OVCO17 RMK SF4SC4/RERA/= METAR CYAM 1202002 09006KT 2 1/28M +RA BR FEWOO7 OVCO12 09/07 A2945 RMK SF2SC6 SLPS75= METAR CYAM 1203002 06008KT 5SM -RA BR FEWOOS OVCO13 09/07 A2944 RMK SF2SC6 /RERA/ SLP971= TAF CYAM 1201432 120214 10012G22KT 65M -RA BR OVCO15 TEMPO 0203 25M -RA BR BKNOO7 ovco12 FM0300Z 10010G20KT P6SM OVCO30 TEMPO 0314 4SM -SHRA BR OVCO12 MK NXT FCST BY 08z= SUDBURY/ON METAR CYSB 120100Z 10014KT 2 1/2SM -RA BR SCTOO6 OVCO14 14/13 A2955 RMK SF4SC4 SLPOOB= METAR CYSB 120200z 11012G18KT 2 1/25M -RA BR SCTOO6 OVCO13 13/12 A2955 RMK SF3SC5 SLPO11= METAR CYSB 120300z 11013KT 2 1/2SM -RA BR FEWOOS OVCO11 13/12 A2956 RMK SF2SC6 SLPO12= TAF CYSB 120143z 120214 10015G25KT 21/2SM -RA BR OVCO15 TEMPO 0204 6SM -SHRA BR oveoas FM0400Z 09012KT P6SM -RA OVCO30 TEMPO 0414 45M -RA BR OVCO12 RMK NXT FCST BY 08Z= ‘THUNDER BAY/ON METAR CYQT 120100Z 04011G19RT 208M -SHRA OVCO39 04/01 A2962 RMK SCB VIS W 10 CVCTV CLD EMBD SLP108= METAR CYQT 120200z 02011G19KT 125M -SHRA BKNO30 OVCO60 04/01 A2980 RERA RMK SC6SC2 CVCTV CLD EMBD SLP101= METAR CYOT 120300Z 03014G21KT 128M -RA BKNO25 OVCO6O 04/00 A2979 RMK SCéSC2 SLPO97= TAF CYQT 120139% 120214 03012G22KT PSM -RA OVCO40 TEMPO 0206 SSM -RA BR OVCO20 FM0600% 02015G25KT 6SM -RA BR OVCO25 TEMPO 0614 3SM -RASN BR OVCO15 PROB30 0814 25M -PL BR RMK MxT FCST BY 08z= —= 23 AeroCoursé)Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook ‘TIMMINS /ON METAR CYTS 1201002 04010KT 85M -RA/OVCO09 05/04 A2970 RMK SF8 SLPO6= SPECI CYTS 1201367 03010KT 6SM -RA OVCOO4 RMK SFS= METAR CYTS 1202002 03011KT 65M -RA OVCO04 05/04 A2970 RMK SF8 SLPO70= METAR CYTS 1203002 02010KT 6SM.-RA OVCO04 04/04 A2970 RMK SF8 SLPO70= TAP AMD CYTS 120151z 120214 03010KF 6SM -RA BR OVCO12 TEMPO 0214 35M -RA BR ovcoos MK NXT FCST BY 08z= TORONTO/TORONTO/LESTER B. PEARSON INTL/ON METAR CYYZ 120100Z 11008KT 7SM -RA BKNO04 OVCO23 13/13 A2952 RERA RMX SC5SC3_SLP997= METAR CYYZ 1202002 14006KT 65M -RA OVCO03 12/12 A2953 RMK NS8 SLPOOO= METAR CY¥Z 1203002 14007KT 2 1/25M -RA BR OVCO02 12/12 A2954 RMK NSB SLPOO6= SPECI CY¥Z 120321z 14006KT 45M -RA BR OVCO02 12/ RMK NSO= TAF CY¥Z 1202392 120324 14008KT PGSM -RA OVCO05 TEMPO 0305 25M -RA BR OVCO03 FMO500Z 14012KT 3/4SM -RA -Dz BR OVCO03 TEMPO 0508 35M -RA BR SCTO03 OVCOOB FM0800Z 20010KT 25M -RA -Dz BR OVCOOS TEMPO 0813 65M BR SCTOOS OVCO15 ¥Mi300Z 21012KT P6SM BKNO20 TEMPO 1316 BKNO25 FM1600Z 18015KT P6SM BKNO25 BECMG 1820 14010KT MK NXT FCST BY 06Z= WINDSOR/ON, METAR CYQG 120100z 21011G16KT 15SM SCTOSO BKNOGS 12/08 A2940 RMK CUsc3 SLP954= METAR CYQG 120100z CCA 21011G16KT 155M VCSH SCTOSO BKNOGS 12/08 a2940 MK CU4SC3 OCNL SHRA SLP954= SPECI CYOG 120120Z 21010KT 125M -SHRA BKNOG4 BKNO6S RMK CUSSC2= SPECI C¥QG 120145z 21009KT 15sm BKNO32 BKNOGO RMK CUSSC2= METAR CrQG 120200z 22009KT 155M SCTO35 BKNUO 11/08 AZ942 RMK CU3SC4 SLPOG1= METAR CYQG 120300Z 20009KT 15M BKNO44 BXNO64 11/07 A2943 RMK CUSSC2 SLP965= TAF CYQG 1123392 120024 21015G25KT P6SM OVCO25 TEMPO 0011 SSM -SERA BR OVCOi2 FM1100Z 21015G25KT 65M -SHRA BR SCTOOS OVCO15 TEMPO 1118 35M -RA BR OVCOOB ¥M1800Z 20015G25KT P6SM BKNO30 TEMPO 1824 35M -SHRA BR OVCO20 MK Wet FCST BY 06z= 24 AeroCourse) |TFT T FTF T TFT T FTF T TUT Tee eee Practical MET GFACN33 CWAO | REGION ONTARIO QUEBEC CLOUDS ANOWEATHER NUAGESET TEMPS SREP 1170872008 23312 VLD 12/05/2006 0000z | aoe Serene neem LEGEND /LEGENDE, Wem ores, eas ENV IRONMEMENT CANADA Hamilton Kingston Moosonee North Bay ‘Sault Ste. Marie Thunder Bay Toronto YHM Yck YMo YAM yoT YYZ Kapuskasing London Musoka Ottawa ‘Sudbury Timmins WindsorCanadian Instrument Rating Workbook ~ GFACNS3 CWAO | REGION ONTARIG - QUEBEC CLOUDS AND WEATHER NUAGESET TEMPS GRIT 1170872008 20012 LEGENO/LEGENOE IS ats An ear normz ‘COMMENTS/COMMENTAIRES) J cL 2s -F2Ra/PL OR Ove NaN “Sie TUN An 1c0, eb ees cee ENVIRONNEMENT CANADA Hamilton YHM Kapuskasing Yu Kingston YGK London xu Moosonee YMO Musoka YOa North Bay YYB Ottawa Yow Sault Ste. Marie. YAM Sudbury YsB Thunder Bay YOQT Timmins YTS Toronto yz Windsor Yas 26 AeroCourse)Practical MET VLO 12/05/2006 12002 | COMMENTS /CONMENTA (RES) GFACNS3 CWAO | REGION | ONTARIO ~ QUEBEC CLOUDS AND WEATHER NUAGESET TEMPS BREET 1170872008 23312 LEGEND/LEGENDE, | | | | | ea TS adie ENVIRONMENT CANADA ENVIRONNEMENT CANADA Hamilton YHM Kapuskasing Kingston YGK London Moosonee YMO Musoka North Bay YB Ottawa Sault Ste. Marie. YAM Sudbury Thunder Bay yar Timmins Toronto yyz WindsorCanadian Instrument Rating Workbook GFACN33 CWAO REGION ONTARIO ~ QUEBEC IoG TURB &FZLVL wuatee" 1170572006 23x22 WLo 12/05/2006 00002 [COMMENTS /COMMENTAIRES| lorwz mu Te Lav ca aay PES Fe Sea Be as GTS ASL MESS NOTED ‘Te Teh ao Ace PLY ‘1_LURG_ANO 1c0. SB error a EMV IROWNEMENT CANADA Kingston YGK London Moosonee YMo. Musoka North Bay YYB Ottawa Sault Ste. Marie YAM Sudbury Thunder Bay yor Timmins Toronto vz Windsor : = . - = Hamilton YHM Kapuskasing YYUeee TTC TTT TTT TTT T FUT T TITTIES Practical MET lotw2 mu To Lor scale ze. eB nan car ENV IRONNEWENT CANADA GFACN33 CWAO | REGION owramo = ouesec ves Tunsarziv. | gE" trosr2008 ange | |_YLo 12/05/2006 06002 3 Woawrice A. or rune is"To' Cor Tune Exc WETS AR OWES NOTED 1a TuRw AAD Ica vi Hamilton YHM Kapuskasing YYu Kingston YGK London YXU Moosonee YMO. Musoka YOA North Bay YYB Ottawa Yow Sault Ste. Marie YAM Sudbury YSB ‘Thunder Bay Yat Timmins yTs Toronto yyz Windsor yas 2» AeroCourse)GFACN33 CWAO REGION | ONTARIO-Gueaec | (oc TuRB aFZLVL Bre sirierve asm VLD 12/05/2006 12002 ~ LEGEND /LEGENDE wor ies ‘Ht sevieo lorwz me to Lor iesic aay Pat. Wi "to Lor TuRe exc fe wisn wares Sq teu AnD kee PLT ‘16 TURB AND ics. WOR ores ce ENVIRONNEMENT CANADA Hamilton YHM Kapuskasing yyu Kingston YGK London yxu Moosonee YMO Musoka YOA North Bay ys Ottawa Yow Sault Ste. Marie YAM Sudbury YSB Thunder Bay Yat Timmins YTS Toronto yz Windsor Yas 210 AeroCoursé AeroCourse’) Canadian Instrument Rating Workbook LELEELELELELEELERLELELELELELEEERERELELEREEEELEEESPractical MET g ‘ems vavmeauina OV NO Bi CLCCALACAARARARARARRROELRO KOKORO OLROS OOOOSO TTT TT TTT TT TTT TTT TTT TT TTT) Practical MET References for this section include the: A.M. MET and RAC sections. (To'see specifie references for each question refer to www serocourse.com) Questions 1 through 43 are based on the information provided on pages 2-1 to 2-10 1. With reference to the GFACN33 CWAO forecast which of the following statements is correct? a) The graphic area forecast was issued at 2331 UTC on the 0S of the December and is a 24 hour forecast valid from 0000 UTC. b) The GFA was issued on the 05 of the month and is a 12 hour forecast valid from 1200Z covering Ontario and Quebec regions. ©) The GFA was issued at 0000 UTC on the 12 of May and is valid for 6 hours, with the next routine graphic area forecast due out at 0600Z, ) The GFA was issued at 2331Z on May 11 and is valid from 0000Z May 12 for 12 hours with an TFR outlook for a further 12 hours. 2. With reference to the Title Box on the GFA chart on page 2-09 which of the following is true? @) The GFA icing and turbulence chart was issued at 2332Z on May 1 and is valid at 0600Z on the 12" b) The GFA clouds and weather chart was issued at 0532 UTC on the 12 and is valid from 0600 to 1200 UTC om the 12% ©) The GFA icing and turbulence chart was issued at 0600Z on the 12 and is based on observed weather taken at 2332 on the 11", The GFA clouds and weather chart was issued at 2332Z on May 11 and is valid at 062 on the 12 3. According to the GFA's, what is the forecasted position of the cold front at 062? a) 30 nm west of Sudbury b) Just east of North Bay ¢) — 30:nm west of Toronto d) Over Timmins 4, Referring to the GFA’s, what clouds and weather could be expected for the Sudbury area at 06Z 4) Overcast cloud between 200 and 24000 feet ASL. Visibilities of 4-5 sm. in rain/light rain and mist. b) Broken cloud between 3000 and 12000 feet ASL. Visibilites of better than 6 miles. Scattered towering cumulus to 12,000 giving 3 miles in light rain showers, mist and localized ceilings of 800 feet above ground. ©) Overcast cloud between 1500 and 24000 feet ASL. Visibilities of 2-5 miles in freezing rain and ice pellets. 4) Overcast cloud between 1500 and 24000 fect ASL. Visibilities of 2-5 miles in light rain and mist. Scattered altocumulus castellanus to 24,000 giving 4 mile itain showers and isolated thundershowers to 28,000 giving 1 mile in heavy rain and mist. i AeroCoursé) *