Speaking DB Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What attracts vis 2 Doss it have any landmarks? 3. Ave they well-known to people who have never been there? to your town or city? ED Read the extract from an article about branding cities. Does your town or city have any of the characteristics mentioned in the extract? os your city havea famous landmark, ich cultural tration orisithome toa major industry, a world-renowned hotel oreven a distinctive way of geting around like London black cabs or Amsterdan’s barges? Perhaps ita mecca for theate- goers, musicians or party animals. Ormaybe it’ justanice place tobe. Top brand cites seem to have al, Notonly can they boast lists as lon It ni buildings, museums and galleries, th i f I lorious parks, iconic sports stadiums and all sorts of places to see and be seen. For cities and towns less favourably endowed the first step in establishing a brand is to identify assets and find a way of communicating these, usually by means ofa logo and slogan. But getting the logo and slogan right sno mean feat, Under no circumstances should visitors beled lie can promise something it cannot deliver, No one is impressed ia place calls itself the sunshine ‘Capital’ but is in fact cold, wet and windy, or claims to ‘never sleeg when by-laws oblige all bars and restaurants toclose by midnight. i : GRAMMAR FOCUS | | | Emphasis with inversion > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.175 Ey Look at the underlined sentences in the article. What do you notice about the verb forms? Rewrite the sentences so that they are less emphati LANGUAGE TIP ‘You are more likely to find structures with subject- verb inversion in more formal orliterary written Contexts than you are in speech, Hardly had he arrived when Jo rushed in. Gy Rewrite the sentences using inversion. Start with the word given. 1. Thiscity has seldom been in greater need of energy-efficient public transport than itis today, Seldorn 2 We had just ordered our meal when the waiter rudely asked us iF we would mind paying the bil, Searcely . 3° Ihave rarely seen such a brilliant display of artistry and expertise, Rarely 7 4 You have failed to hand in your essay on time and you have also copied several paragraphs ditectly from the internet. Not onl : 7 5 You should not let people who don't respect. the dress code into the club under any circumstances. Under no circumstances... 6 She posted the letter and then began to regret what she had said, No sooner : 7 My client has never revealed the contents ofthis document to the media, Atno time 8 [had only justfinished the assignment when my boss asked me to do something else for her. Hardly i Work in pairs. in which situations would you expect to hear or read the sentences. in Activity 47 Bl write sentences beginning with the words in italics in Activity 4. Compare your sentences with a partner. me h a Unit WWhetewelve 13. esl os ext1B complete the second sentence so thatithas a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Lionly managed to buy my own place after years of sharing with other people. DID Only after years of sharing with other people my own place The neighbours are realy noisy and they are not very friendly either, OnLy NOt uununne Feally noisy, they are also not very friendly. You shouldr't ever put your full address on a luggage label TIME At put your full address on a luggage label It willbe six years since | moved here next Saturday. FOR By next Saturday | will six years ‘You shouldnt tell anyone about this under any circumstances, No Under tell anyone about ths. | closed the door and immediately realised | had left my keys inside the house. NO cnueucnaww the door than I realised my keys ‘were inside the house. SOONER E) complete the sentences with the present simple ‘or continuous form of the verb in brackets, \ (smelp smoke. fs there something burning? 2 The soup is almost ready. Dad _- (taste) it to see fies hot enough, 31 (ses) Josh on Fiday evening but perhaps you and | could get together on Saturday 4 Lookat the cat! He (smell) the roses! 5 We (think) of renting a small plat of land to «row our own vegetables. 6 Thistea _. (taste) of mangoes, Ey Read the article and decide which answer (A,B, Cor D) best fits each gap. 1 Adw Bceate Cmake —D come 2 Areverse Boback Crear —_—D underside 3 Aled B brought ¢ produced D saw 4 Ahistoy Bat Cages time 5 Abolding B storing C bearing _D exhibiting 6 A-scems B looks resembles _D reminds 7 A appealed B charmed € attracted D enticed B Age —Bbring Cet D put A Weekly Herald The logo that everyone loves tt was 1977 and the American graphic designer Milton Glaser had been askedto (1), up with a logo for New York State. He pulled a red crayon from his pocket and began to sketch on the (2). .of an envelope: first an |, then the simple outline of a heart, followed by twoletters, Nand Y. Glaser's doodle @).. to the development of one of the most successful advertising campaigns OF all (4) nrcsscsunnnes It WAS 80 SUCCeSstUl, In fact, that the torn envelope (5)...u.men MIS ‘original idea is now in a permanent collection inamuseum. The upbeat message of Glaser's lesign, Which (6)... the kind of joyful graffiti that a young lover might carve into a $12, (Mormons to New Yorkers as well as tourists. Glaser himself acknowledges that it seems strange that a logo could have such an impact but it seems his design really did ©) . about a change in people's attitudes at @ time when the city had been going through cifficult times. Unit 1 Where welva [0] Complete the second sentence sothatithasa [EJ] Read the article and decide which answer similar meaning to the first sentence, using the (A,B, Cor D) best fits each gap. word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. vn Who invented leis to use less water oe teCnagers? Flderly people sometimes technology. 3. The council are the ones that should do something about graffi THAT ies Something about graft | 4 Very few people make an effort to recycle their rubbish, which | find astonishing | How | Its make an effort to recycle their rubbish, 5 Adults behaving like teenagers really embarrass me. FIND | when adults behave like teenagers, /here is some debate about who coined the 6 He knowsa lot of colloguial English. Dee. or when it was first used EXCELLENT but teenagers have, of course, always He of colloquial English, Q)... Even so, until the 1930s no ‘one paid them much (3)... It was then that Ei choose the correct option to complete the ‘we began to see teenage actors, many of whom were sentences. @.. ... child stars, on cinema screens Initially 1 Her behaviour caused a lot of problems in the films were comedies, but later teenage actors starred Pea in dramas depicting the conflicts (5) . from the so-called ‘generation gap’. The clothing sind food ‘A mature B infantile € geriatric D childlike sadagivies GUI luinped on the bad dganenvatsd 2 His .q00¢ looks and oreat singing voice ‘ogan to produca goods (6). this newly- pra: blomeniiiornice te aitiaeh teenscets discovered social group. These same fashions and foods A chidish —B immature C boyish D adolescent still). nsunau their own today. How many people, 3 Europe's population presents considerable -—_ ater all, can claim they have never owned a pair of jeans problems for governments tying to finda way oF or eaten a hamburger, both of which were originally cutting spending on healthcare and persions products (8) ..rnrn at the teenage market? agg B mature —C adulk D grown-up __Teenagersrule but it scems strange to think that their 4 They say that being happy isone ofthe keys to looking eeabecan kes ane coat ae, ns OVER Ina mide age a A oe am ON cena c, ANTTTC ABB Ide Cer —_D idiom Tamie eset aiAECOWI 3 A Ly Boumd C nted D enhid ag hliie Poeatl Cmucie Dorn 5 nce Bitewoh End atten sway of going about thi would be to sit down and discuss it calmly. pes AL ea calico dea Cibiow en Dapasy acter cep ee Cae Dee 5 A causing B happening C arising _D occurring 6 A aiming B seeking —_C focussing D targeting 7 Ahold B maintain € stand —_D occupy 8 A offered B pitched — € delivered D proposed Unit3 Agesand stages 35