ELECTIVO

TECNOLOGÍA MÉDICA II
 GUIDELINES

 Review your slides

 Review your readings

 Answer discussion forum

 TEMATIC CONTENTS

JUST
ALREADY
STILL
YET
NEVER
EVER
 EXPECTED LEARNING

In this unit will learn to use the

adverbial of time with the present
perfect
SIGNAL WORDS
 SIGNAL WORDS

Jack (be)……………………………….my friend for over 20 years. We

(know)……………………………each other since we were children. Recently, he and his
family (move)……………………………..to a house on the same street as me, and now our
children play together almost every day.

For the last ten years, Jack and I (play)……………………….for the same hockey
team every Saturday. Jack is a better player than I am, but in the last few
months he (have)……………………..some trouble with his left knee, and he
(find)…………………….it hard to play a full game. He (see)………………………the doctor
serveral times about his knee, but the doctor doesn´t know what is causing his
pain. Jack (decide)………………… to take a break from hockey for a while, so that
his knee can recover. It´s going to be lonely on the team without him!
 EXERCISES
1. Begin: We're late -- the game has already ______.

2. Break: Shelley can't go skiing any more. She has ______ her leg.

3. Become: In the last few years, it has ______ more and more difficult to get into college.

4. Bring: Duncan's here, and he's ______ some sandwiches!

5. Choose: She's getting married in a week, and she hasn't ______ her dress yet.

6. Drink: It's so hot that I've ______ five cans of Coke already this afternoon.

7. Eat: You've ______ my lunch! How dare you!

8. Fall: The price of oil has ______ rapidly since January.

9. Feel: I've never ______ so good!

10. Hear: Have you ______ about the accident?

11. Lose: I've ______ my grammar book. Have you seen it?

12. Put: I found your grammar book under the table. I've ______ it away on the bookshelf.
 EXERCISES

1. Run: Jan's out of breath because she's ______ all the way from the bus terminal.

2. Sell: Have you ______ your car yet?

3. Show: Stewart hasn't ______ up yet. He must have been delayed.

4. Sleep: I was so exhausted after the exam that I ______ for twelve hours.

5. Steal: Someone has ______ my bicycle!

6. Swim: She's never ______ in the sea before.

7. Teach: Gerry has ______ English at University for many years.

8. Write: How many pages have you ______ for your homework?
THE PRESENT PERFECT WITH:

SINCE , FOR, JUST, YET, ALREADY, STILL

SINCE: IS USED AS A POINT IN TIME AND MEANS FROM THAT POINT TO THE TIME
OF SPEAKING

SINCE 1960, SINCE YESTERDAY.

FOR: IS USED WITH A DURATION

FOR SIX DAYS, FOR A LONG TIME

Present Perfect + just = a short time ago

I have just finished my homework (= I finished it a moment ago)

*The position of JUST is between the auxiliary verb ‘have’ and the past
participle
JUST: IS USED TO EXPRESS A RECENTLY COMPLETED ACTION; JUST MUST BE
PLACED BETWEEN THE AUXILIARY AND THE MAIN VERB.

I HAVE JUST GONE OUT.

YET: IS USED IN A NEGATIVE SENTENCE TO SHOW THAT THE ACTION BEGAN IN

THE PAST AND CONTINUES IN THE PRESENT. YET IS PLACED AT THE END OF THE
SENTENCE.

I HAVEN´T FINISHED YET.

ALREADY: IS USED IN AN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE TO SHOW THAT THE ACTION
BEGAN IN THE PAST AND FINISHED AT AN INDEFINITE TIME.

I HAVE ALREADY FINISHED.

ADVERB USE MEANING POSITION EXAMPLES
1.He………………………..(to be) in the Army for two years.

2.She………………………(to become) more jealous since the

birth of her brother.

3.They………………………..(never /tell) the truth.

4.My teacher……………………….(always/help) me to improve

my level.

5.I………………………………………..(just receive) a new

message.

6.He………………………………(already/finish) reading the

novel.
6. The plane………………………..(not /land) yet.

7. She…………………………………(always/respect) his point of

view.

8. He………………………(just/find) a title for his new book.

9. We………………………(never/ come) late.

10. ……………………………………..(you/finish) eating yet?

11. I…………………………………….(just/see) a meteor.

6. The plane………………………..(not /land) yet.

7. She…………………………………(always/respect) his point of

view.

8. He………………………(just/find) a title for his new book.

9. We………………………(never/ come) late.

10. ……………………………………..(you/finish) eating yet?

11. I…………………………………….(just/see) a meteor.

6. Has it stopped snowing? No, it hasn´t stopped
snowing…………………….(just, yet, already)

7. Have you………………travelled to space? Of course not

(never, already, ever)

8. Poor lady…….She has……………….had a boyfriend in

her life!! (ever, never, yet.)

9. I haven´t told my parents about my

failure……………….(ever, just, yet)

10. Would you like a sandwich? No, thanks. I

have……………….had lunch! (just, yet, ever)
 IS USED FOR ASKING AND REFUSE IN PRESENT PREFERCT

Have they come yet?

No, They haven´t come yet
Has she bought the tickets yet?
No, she hasn´t bought them yet

YET: TRANSLATES IN SPANISH “YA”, “TODAVIA”

I HAVEN´T SAID IT YET.

HAVE THEY SAID IT YET?
 is used to indicate that we have taken action sooner than expected.

Have you called her? Yes, I´ve already called her.

Has she done it? Yes, she already done it.
Have you seen that film? Yes, I´ve already seen it

ALREADY: TRANSLATES IN SPANISH “YA”

I HAVE ALREADY SENT THEM.

Palabra “still” present acierta confusión
porque en español también se traduce como
“todavia” o “aún”, pero a diferencia de yet
(para preguntar y negar) y already (para
decir que algo ha ocurrido antes de lo
esperado) “still” se utiliza para indicar que
una acción continúa.
Are you still there?

I´t´s midnight and she is still studying

Are you still working?

 We use JUST with the present perfect to describe things or
actions which took place a short time before speaking.

I´ve just seen her.

They´ve just come.
We´ve just bought it.
ALREADY: TRANSLATES IN SPANISH “ACABO”

SHE HAS JUST TOLD ME.

1. We´re going to a concert on Friday, but we haven´t
bought the tickets……………….
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already

2. Peter: Can I go online now. Please?

Betty: Sorry I……………..haven´t finished using the
…..computer.

A. yet
B. still.
C. just
D. already
3. The govermment………………….hasn´t said anything about
the oil slick

A. yet
B. still.
C. just
D. already

4. Peter: Do you know anything about Sally?

Betty: Oh she´s fine. I´ve……………..spoken to her on
…..the phone

A. yet
B. still
C. just.
D. already
5. I haven't phoned Begonia ________. I'll do it when I
get back from work
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already

6. Jim sends his love. I've ________ seen him in the high
street.

A. yet
B. still
C. just.
D. already
7. Monica says she's ________ this minute caught the
train so she'll be here in half an hour
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already

8. Have you seen the movie Bowling for Columbine…………….?

A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
9. I can't decide. I _____ haven't made a decision.

A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already

10. Betty: Have you cleaned the bathroom yet?

Billy: I've _________ done it. I did it an hour ago.

A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already
11. We can't have chips again. We've ________ had them
three times this week.
A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already

12. Daphne ________ hasn't bought the tickets. I hope

she does it soon.

A. yet
B. still
C. just
D. already