a type of concrete having mortar with large amount of light gauge reinforcement is used; it is used in

bins, boat hulls and other thin complex shapes

answer: ferrocement

an additive which improves the denseness of concrete surface which are subjected to rolling live loads &
impact
answer: concrete hardener

type of concrete using reinforcing bars (plain or deformed) and mats as primary reinforcement.
answer: reinforced concrete

a type of concrete finish in which coloring agents are added to the mixture. it may be trowelled,
sandblasted, tooled or stamped.
answer: integrally pigmented concrete

a concrete finish using proprietary aluminum tools to imprint various patterns in freshly placed
horizontal concrete surface.
answer: stamped concrete

these are inside growing trees. these kind of trees with the center core, which is soft and brittle in
character.
answer: endogenous

these are outward growing trees which are most preferred for lumbering.
answer: exogenous

property of a material described as capable of being stretched or deformed without fracturing.

answer: ductility

the property of a metal that permits mechanical deformation by extrusion, forging, rolling, etc. without
fracturing.
answer: malleability

resistance of a material to deformation by compression or indentation.

answer: hardness

ability of a material to fix itself and cling to an entirely different material.

answer: adhesiveness

the ability of particles of a material to cling tightly to one another.

answer: cohesiveness

concrete is mixed partially in a stationary mixer and mixing is completely in the truck mixer
answer: shrink mix

concrete is mixed completely in the truck mixer 1 1/2-3 minutes mixing

answer: transit mix
concrete is mixed in a stationary mixer and delivered in the truck agitator
answer: central mix

about 10% of the mixing water is placed in the drum before drying materials are added
answer: drum mixing

concrete must be placed in position properly compacted within what minutes after adding water, then
cement setting will start
answer: 30 to 60 minutes

it shall be continued for at least what minutes, after all the materials are in
answer: 1 ½ minutes

minimum bar size of footing & minimum size of column rebar

answer: no. 5 or 16 mm

sizes of column ties

answer: no. 2 or no. 4

minimum number of column rebar for square/rectangular columns

answer: 4

beams and girders which require bent bars from face of the support for end span
answer: l over 7

beams and girders which require bent bars from face of the support for interior span
answer: l over 5

distance of column rebars should be continued uninterrupted above the floor line
answer: l over 4

angle of inclination of bent bars from the horizontal

answer: 45 degrees

both ends of bottom bars should be bent upwards at this angle

answer: 15 degrees

useful for tall wall structures such as elevator shafts; stairwells and storage soils. a ring of formwork is
pulled steadily upward by jacks supported on a vertical reinforcing bars, while workers add concrete and
reinforcing in a continuous process
answer: slip forming

is fabricated in large sections supported on deep metal trusses; the sections are moved from one floor
to the next by crane, eliminating much of the labor
answer: flying formwork
a beam joist or rafter supporting one end of a header at the edge of the opening in the floor or roof
frame
answer: trimmer

a short transverse joist that supports the end of the cut-off joist at stairwell holes
answer: header

a wood member placed on top of the foundation wall in wood frame construction
answer: sill

a short beam, joist or rafter supported by a wall at one end and by the header at the other
answer: tail piece

a pile which carries a vertical load

answer: bearing pile

a pile that transfer its loads to the soil through friction with the earth surrounding it
answer: friction pile

a pile driven at an inclination to the vertical to provide resistance to horizontal forces

answer: batter pile

one of a number of piles, interlocked with similar units, to form a barrier to retain soil or to keep water
out of foundation
answer: sheet pile

a heavy square timber which is driven vertically downward to guide steel sheet piling; used for the
construction of coffer dams, caissons
answer: guide pile

a metal sheet used to connect girder and floor joist at the same level
answer: stirrup

a bended rod to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a concrete

answer: stirrup

another term for plaster board

answer: gypsum board

a rejected building material because of its below standard grade

answer: cull

a large heavy nail is referred to as

answer: spike

common hardware fastener for truss braces

answer: lag screw
retarders or accelerators concrete setting
answer: admixture

structural steel shape having unsymmetrical balance

answer: channel

minimum thickness of footing according to nbc

answer: 250 mm.

concrete mixed ideal for road pavement and waterproof structure

answer: class aa

minimum time required for removing the form for sides of beams and girders
answer: 3 days

a portland cement specification

answer: astm 150

minimum slump recommended for mass concrete

answer: 2 to 5 inches

used to shape and support fresh concrete until cured and able to support itself
answer: formwork

temporary supports designed to carry forms for beams & slabs

answer: shoring

for shallow work, an open pit is the most suitable method since it calls for an actual inspection of the
undisturbed material over a considerable area
answer: test pits

for excavations that are carried no deeper than the proposed level, the underlying material may be
investigated by test boring
answer: boring test

measures the density of granular soils and the consistency of some clays. records the number of blows
required by a hammer to advance a standard soil sampler
answer: spt

maximum unit pressure a foundation is permitted to impose vertically or laterally on the soil mass
answer: allowable bearing capacity

measure of the ability to resist displacement when an external force is applied, due largely to the
combined effects of cohesion and internal friction
answer: shearing strength

the critical factor determining the bearing capacity of granular soils

answer: density
is a process of transferring a portion of the load of the wall to temporary footings and done when the
excavation does not go much below the adjoining footings and when the material is fairly solid
answer: shoring

continuous horizontal beams which tie the sheet piles in place

answer: wales

secured to rock or soil anchors are resorted to when cross-bracing or rakers would interfere with the
excavation procedure
answer: tiebacks

cross bracing-diagonals which support the wales and soldier piles bearing on heel blocks or footings
answer: rakers

heavy timber planks joined together horizontally to retain the face of an excavation
answer: lagging

which are steel h-sections driven vertically into the ground to support
answer: soldier piles

which are timber, steel, or pre-cast planks driven side by side to retain earth and prevent water from
seeping into the exaction
answer: sheet piles

girders are used in cases where part or all of the weight of the wall has to be carried, as when the old
footing is removed
answer: needling or underpinning

refers to the process of lowering a water table or preventing an excavation from filling with
groundwater. it is accomplished by driving perforated tubes called well-points into the ground to collect
water from the surrounding area so it can be pumped away
answer: dewatering

necessary to prevent erosion and collection of excess surface water or groundwater resulting from new
construction
answer: site drainage

water, near the surface of the ground which passes through the subsoil
answer: ground water

water carried by an aggregate except that held by absorption within the aggregate particles themselves
answer: surface water

surface drainage requires grass and lawn areas are sloped

answer: 1.5 percent
surface drainage requires paved parking areas
answer: 2 percent

swales requires a grass slope of

answer: 1.5 percent to 2 percent

swales requires a paved slope of

answer: 4 percent to 6 percent

designed catchments areas for surface water

answer: ponds & marshes

are drainage pits lined with gravel or rubble to receive surface water and allow it to percolate away to
absorbent earth underground. also called an absorbing well
answer: wells

shallow depressions formed by the intersection of two ground slopes, designed to direct or divert the
runoff of surface water
answer: swales

containing coarse aggregate and a distribution tile pipe through which septic-tank effluent may flow,
covered with earth
answer: absorption trench

is a type of gravity retaining wall formed by stacking modular, interlocking pre-cast concrete units and
filling the voids with crushed stone or gravel
answer: binwall

is a cellular framework of squared steel, concrete, or timber members, assembled in layers at right
angles, and filled with earth or stones
answer: cribbing

are galvanized or pvc coated wire baskets filled with stones and stacked to form an abutment or
retaining structure
answer: gabions

plant materials that inhibit or prevent erosion by providing a ground cover and forming a dense network
of roots that bind the soil
answer: soil binders

is a layer of irregularly broken and random-sized stones placed on the slope of an embankment
answer: rip-rap

diverting the runoff at the top of the slope or by creating to reduce the velocity of the runoff
answer: terraces
when a desired change in ground elevation exceeds the angle of repose of the soil, a retaining wall
becomes necessary to hold the mass of earth on the uphill side of the grade change
answer: retaining structures – rw

utilizes triangular-shaped cross walls to stiffen the vertical slab and add weight to the base. are spaced
at equal intervals equal to one-half the wall height
answer: counterfort rw

limited to a height of 20’ (6 m); beyond this height a counterfort wall is employed
answer: t-type cantilever rw

used when the wall abuts a property line or other obstruction

answer: l-type cantilever rw

resists overturning and sliding by the sheer weight and volume of its mass
answer: gravity rw

putty used for holes and surface imperfections

answer: cast

a skilled painter can brush a 4 liter or 1 gal of paint in a days work (8 hours)
answer: two

flat wall enamel

answer: b-800

flat latex
answer: b-701

semi gloss latex

answer: b-715

semi gloss enamel

answer: b-200

gloss latex
answer: b-710

conditions appears chiefly to application of few heavy coats for more thin ones. or may be due to cold
weather. removal of coat is the remedy
answer: wrinkling

causes are changes in atmosphere condition, application over sweating or incompletely dried
undercoats, spots of grease or soap and cold draught
answer: pinholing

adhisive property of incompletely dried coating caused in the refinishing of old work, by applying a
coating over a greasy or unclean surface
answer: tackiness

loss of luster due to insufficient or defective undercoats

answer: deadening

irregularities of surface due to uneven flow of varnish or paint

answer: runs and sag

imperfect attachment to the surface

answer: peeling

discoloration of coating caused by soluble color in the underlying surface

answer: bleeding

formation of pustules on a coating due to underlying spots of grease, sap or moisture

answer: blistering

clouding of the lacquer film through precipitation of moisture in the film

answer: moisture blush

progressive powdering from the surface inward

answer: chalking

an incomplete form of peeling, where the paint cracks into large segments due to appliction of new
coats over old coats
answer: alligatoring

a mixture of solid pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle and applied as a thin, usally opaque coating to a
surface for protection and decoration
answer: paints

a liquid preparation consisting of a resin dissolved in oil or in alcohol that when spread and allowed to
dry forms a hard lusterous, transparent coating
answer: varnishes

a solution of a dye or suspension of pigment in a vehicle, applied to penentrate and color a wood
surface without obscuring the grain
answer: stains

primer for steel, aluminum, galvanized iron

answer: epoxy primer and epoxy reducer

rust preventive primer for ferrous surfaces

answer: red oxide primer and paint thinner

exterior & interior masonry surfaces

answer: acrylic latex paint and water
for exterior & interior metal
answer: automotive lacquer and lacquer thinner; qde or quick drying enamel and lacquer enamel and
lacquer thinner

are anchor bolts that having split casing that expands mechanically to engage the slides of a hole drilled
in masonry or concrete
answer: expansion bolts

are used to fasten materials to plaster, gypsum board, and other thin wall materials have two hinged
wing that close against a spring
answer: toggle bolts

are metal pins that are used for permanently joining 2 or more structural steel members by passing a
headed shank thru a hole in each piece and hammering down the plain end
answer: rivets

are straight, slender pcs. of metal having one end pointed and the other enlarged for hammering
answer: nails

are threaded metal pins or rods usually having a head at one end & designed to be inserted thru hole in
assembled parts and secured by a mating nut
answer: bolts

are metal fasteners having tapered, helically threaded shanks & slotted heads, driven by turning with a
screwdriver
answer: screws

for fastening heavy timber, used in fastening railroad rails, piers and construction docks
answer: spikes nail

for temporary structures

answer: double headed nail

for general construction

answer: common nail

for finish work

answer: casing nail

for light construction

answer: box nail

driven to conc. or steel

answer: power-driven stud nail

for cabinetry
answer: finishing nail
for fastening floor boards
answer: flooring nail

for wood flooring

answer: cut nail

for fastening shingles

answer: roofing nail

for concrete or masonry

answer: masonry nail

small headless nails sometimes called barbed dowel pins

answer: sprigs

small slender nails with small deep heads—1 and ¼ to 2 inch in length
answer: brads

consisting of 2 or more sheets of glass separated by a hermetically sealed air space to provide thermal
insulation & restrict condensation
answer: insulating glass

has a chemical admixture to absorb a portion of the radiant heat and visible light that strikes it
answer: tinted or heat absorbing glass

has a thin translucent metallic coating to reflect a portion of the light and radiant heat that strike it
answer: reflective glass

transmits visible light while selectively reflecting the longer wavelength of radiant heat
answer: low-emissivity glass

used to control light transmission, glare & solar radiation

answer: glass block

non-veneered panel product composed of large, thin wood flakes bonded under heat & pressure with a
waterproof adhesive. grain direction are random
answer: wafer-board

non-veneered wood panel product made by bonding small wood particles under heat & pressure used
in cabinetwork, underlayment for floors. core material for decorative panels
answer: particleboard

made by bonding veneers together under heat & pressure usually with the grain of adjacent pile as at
right angles to each other and symmetrical about the center ply
answer: plywood

softwood lumber intended for general building purposes, includes boards, timber & dimension lumber.
made from evergreen, cone-bearing trees
answer: yard lumber

sawn or selected primarily for further manufacture into doors, windows, flooring , paneling, furniture
and interior trim. made from broad leaved flowering tree
answer: factory & shop lumber

glue made from protein material. good bonding properties for wood to wood or paper to wood
answer: case in glue

paint defect characterized by powdering from the surface inward.

answer: chalking

type of concrete having mortar with large amount of light gauge reinforcement used. used in bins, boats
hulls and other thin complex shapes
answer: Ferro cement

concrete finish in which coloring agents are added to the mixture. troweled, sandblasted
answer: integrally pigmented concrete

concrete finish using proprietary aluminum tools to impart various patterns in freshly placed horizontal
concrete surface
answer: stamped concrete

type of paint has mild alkali resistance but excellent water resistance, used in decks and porch
answer: alkyd paint

finish material used on wood surfaces with open grains to fill the pores & provide smooth surface
answer: fillers

peeling of paint where paint cracks into large segments, due to application of new coat over old
answer: alligatoring

term used to describe mortar or concrete placed by highly velocity compressed air that adheres to the
surface
answer: shotcrete

dry walls do not require appreciable amount of moisture and they are customarily finished with
answer: lath and plaster

a form of brick bond in which each course is alternately composed of entirely of headers or of stretchers
is known as
answer: Flemish bond

these are materials excellent as vapor barrier in the roofing system of residential buildings
answer: aluminum foil sheets

this is a material that holds less moisture, is very light, less water absorptive capacity and is very good in
sidings of dwelling units
answer: asbestos-cement shingle

a door lock with a spring bolt controlled by one or both knobs and dead bolt controlled by a key is a
answer: knob bolt

a clay roofing tile approximately semi cylindrical in shape laid in courses with units having their convex
side alternately up and down is a
answer: mission tile

a specialized fastener used to pull on to hold mitered joints together is

answer: clamp nail

appropriate painting material type for wood surfaces?

answer: zinc chromate

what hardware/material is needed to fasten an asphalt strip roof shingle on wooden sheets/planks?
answer: staple wire

wall partition wooden framing is called

answer: studs

the paint finishing material of long-span pre-painted roofing sheet is

answer: acrylic paint

tin shear is a
answer: masonry tool