aiarz019 See all» 13 References 1g and Gis in Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauchi State) (PDF) The Use of Remote Sensing and Gis n Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauch State) See all > ea 4, Download citation May 2017 with 1,063 Reads 13443 twong Fos ak research vers, cations ojects J Share v Peter Kamtu University of Jos D. A Bala Kamtu Author content hps:wawresearchgate.netipublcaion’317153793_The_Use_of Remote_Sensing_and_Gis_in_Mineral_Prospecting_Of_Toro_and_Environs_Baue v8aiarz019 (PDF) The Use of Remote Sensing and Gis in Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauch State) ‘The variance- Comparison of ‘An NDVI image for the covariance matrix of t.... reflectance of grass a... study area showing, sterKamtu Author content [Bownicad tatext POF | & Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-IAGG) 3N: 2321-0990, p-ISSN: 2321-0982. Volume 5, Issue 3 Ver. I (May. ciosrjournals.org ‘he Use of Remote Sensing and Gis in Mineral |] Toro and Environs (Bauchi State’ “lAluwong K. C., "Bala, D. A., *Kamtu, P. M. and 'Dept. of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Univ *Dept. of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Scienc *Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Un “Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Natural Science, Universi tact: Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) appli sgical Mapping and Mineral prospecting of Toro and Environs, Bauchi £ tructures generally trend NE-SW and NW-SE in line with the principal fra lex. The rivers and tion of Toro and Environs are generally stru led the importance of image processing which was carried out in aeement, Clustering/Classification, Supervised classification, Image ratic ation (Geobotanical) and Digital Terrain Modeling. Economic mineral p ons include DogoDaji, Duste Moro, Panshanu others are Juga, Buri, Leru cals found within Toro and Environs are Cassiterite, Topaz, Aqua marine, Z: hpeslwwwresearchgate.netpublcaion’317163799_The_Use_of Remote_Sensing_and_Gis_in_Mineral_Prospecting_Of_Toro_and Environs Baye... 218aiarz019 (PDF) The Use of Remote Sensing and Gis n Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauch State) Mineral jargetipg. entails the ire ve al attrib SE ae jonal a post « issue Pprocesses that n HESS ned to take care of the peculiarities of all observable surface sarhet e fy areas of probable mineralization. The use of Landsat remote sensing, is formation stored in the imagery in other to extract those that can be directl as weathering and alterations that are associated with mineral deposit nation generated from the imagery form the database for a GIS - based e Specific attributes that were considered useful for exploration of the Ge and Environs is the rock outcrops and lineaments concentration. This is alized area as well as vegetation cover indicating healthy plant growth ca. nrichment with minerals. In a situation where the exposures are poor, ma ads such as; Inference from geological mapping, Structural evidencc hysical evidences. ion of the Area The area is about 60kilometer southwest of Bauchi Cay c grid coordinates between 500554.37 to $27554.49 and 1105629.11 to 11 des 10°00°N to 10°15°N and Longitudes 9°007E to 9°15°E (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Map of the Toro and Environs showing areas of hig 10.9790/0990-0503013443 www.iosrjournals.org htps:twuw researchgate.neUpublcation’317153793_The_Use_of_Remote_Sensing_and_Gis_in_Mineral_Prospecting_Of_Toro_and_Environs_ Bae 38aiarz019 (PDF) The Use of Remote Sensing and Gis n Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauch State) The Use Of Remote Sensing And Gis In Mineral Prospecting Of Tor fand Drainage The general elevation of the terrain is between 6920m (Bauchi plain ‘above sea level. Kwandonkaya complex is situated about 40km north-east with an area of 118.4km’, Large areas covered by flat slabs with widely sp 76-2422m above the plains, with marginal tors rising a further 1384m. To tk w prolongation of the complex, about 2 miles wide, extends for 8km towarc rea is well drained, there is more runoff than percolation, and the drainage ns flow in a NW-SE direction which is perhaps structurally controlled. Tt ttant streams include the River Jarawa, River Nahuta and also River Juga ern to the south-central of the mapped area. The Chief river of the Kwando aga valley, which provides easy access for the road to Juga Mining Camp nv for the Application of Lansat_7 Etm Data for Mineral Exploration Spectra of weathered iron minerals usually show weak reflectance zreflectance in the red region (band3)(Sabins, 1987). BandS responds to variations in ferric iron (FeO;) content in rock tances as the iron content increases. Band7 likewise reacts to moisture cor ting hydrous minerals (such as clays or certain alteration products) in gec s 1987). Band6 can distinguish a radiant temperature difference of al minating rock types whose thermal properties show differences in temper: , band 6 was not used because of the difference in the spatial resolution witl Clay mineral kaolinite show marked absorption features near 1.5: spond to Landsat_7 ETM bands 5 and 7 respectively while limonite show I ad increased reflectance in the infra-red bands. 2 Comparison of reflectance of grass and the minerals quartz, kaolinite and htps:twuw researchgate.neUpublicaion’317153793_The_Use_of Remote Sensing_and_Gis_in_Mineral_Prospecting_Of_Toro_and_Environs_ Bae 48aiarz019 (PDF) The Use of Remote Sensing and Gis n Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauch State) to 3.0_(www.biogeorecon.com) rey of Kwandonkaya By FCs eapkitya Complex is entirely. granitic in gomposition and no ty is preserved. The two most tmportant units are both brotite-granite of ce rd biotite-granite shows considerable variation in texture throughout its ¢ d of the two earlier phases as its contacts with these intrusions are for t tional (Bul 32 Vol.I). Relics of two earlier intrusions of hornblende-fayalite and hornblend« pendants at Ziem Peak and Dabbolungu respectively. The present cont iyty and of its attendant dyke swarms suggests that they have been obliter: ter granites of the Kwandonkaya Complex and it is possible that the pendar em Peak formed part of a horizontal sheet associated with the porphyry (1 omplex may be summarized as follows: 10.9790/0990-0503013443 www.iosrjournals.org Che Use Of Remote Sensing And Gis In Mineral Prospecting Of Tort ‘anshanu biotite ‘orphyry biotite-granite Acdium-grained biotite-granite ‘anshanu biotite-granite Jomnblende-biotite-granite Tornblende-fayalite-granite htps:twuw researchgate.neUpublcation’317153793_The_Use_of Remote_Sensing_and_Gis_in_Mineral_Prospecting_Of_Toro_and_Environs_Baue 58aiarz019 (PDF) The Use of Remote Sensing and Gis in Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauch State) Fig. 3: Showing Digitized Geological Map of Toro and 1 I. Materials And Method Digitization of the maps was done on screen using the mouse on 1 ms, settlements, outcrops and linear features were saved as layers and osition in Are view GIS 3.2a software,Georient 9 and Geocalculator were ER was also used for Digital Elevation Model. The following softwares wi tics for the Dataset Used The summary of the statistical data on the bands is presented below 2 processing. In the selection of bands for composite, their degree of corr Factor technique (OIF) may help to overcome this problem. High OIF va “information” (e.g. high standard deviation) with little “duplication” (e. :). By using the OIF method, three band color composites can be evah y. From principal component analysis, the relative weighting of the individ Table 1.The variance-covariance matrix of the dataset for VARI Torol Toro? Toro3 Toros COVAR Toro 1 0.131 0.180 0.334 0.102, Toro 2 0.281 0.394 0.566 0.531 Toro3 ols 0.228, 0.286 0.684 Toro 4 0.720 0.223 0.603 0.088 Toro 5 0.069 0.156 0.284 0.441 Toro 7 0.457 0.829 0.205 0.193 10.9790/0990-0503013443 www.iosrjournals.org htps:twuw researchgate.neUpublcaion’317153793_The_Use_of Remote_Sensing_and_Gis_in_Mineral_Prospecting_Of_Toro_and_Environs_Baue eeaiarz019 (PDF) The Use of Remote Sensing and Gis n Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauch State) Che Use Of Remote Sensing And Gis In Mineral Prospecting Of Tor: Jormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) In order to mask vegetation it is often useful to calculate a green vegeti vegetation index is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) told to mask vegetation in the ETM bands. talized different vegetation index (NDVI) derived by satellite remotely sen: the spatial distribution of biomass. The index comes from ratio of nea »: I= (NIR-RED) / (NIR+RED) Or 1 = (ETM4-ETM3)/(ETM3+ETM4) ¢ ETM4 represent near infrared band and ETMG the visible red band property allows us a tool to see the detail of biomass distribution with ‘ormation for masking vegetation is according to the formula above 4: An NDVI image for the study area showing vegetated areas ranging fro green (-0.12 threshold) pending on the intensity of the ve ment Analysis The lineament density was used to aggregate and calculate the total lei »propriate Algorithm, The operation involves the digitization of linear and: appropriately filtered ETM bands. Bands 5 and 4 were best suited for picking linear features. Enhanceme: 1s directional filtering, These procedures made the structural features adequ features were digitized, they were saved as layers. These layers are overla hpeslwwwresearchgate.netpublcaion’317163799._The_Use_of Remote_Sensing_and_Gis_in_Mineral_Prospecting_Of_Toro_and Environs Baue... 78aiarz019 (PDF) The Use of Remote Sensing and Gis in Mineral Prospecting Of Toro and Environs (Bauch State) 10.9790/0990-0503013443 www.iosrjournals.org hps:wuwresearchgate.neUpublcaion’317153793_The_Use_of Remote. nsing_an¢_Gis_in_Mineral_Prospecting_Of_Tore_and_Environs_Bauc... 8/8