POLITICS - The strong family ties justify giving

benefits to unqualified recipients which

- POLIS Greek word means CITY-
are very evident in employment and
STATE
awarding of contracts.
Aristotle suggested that humans are essentially - The Filipino culture of gift giving
political justifies bribery and extortion thereby
making it hard for law enforcement and
- SOLIDARITY – inclusion, anti-corruption agencies to arrest the
participation, and recognition. problem.
Ethical Domain – to think of the society as an - Agencies deputized to fight graft &
ethical domain is to recognize and accept that all corruption are not well funded by the
people are bound by shared humanity despite government.
differences in cultures and ethnicities. - Transparency is not religiously observed
particularly in government transactions.
Citizenship Education - Effective monitoring of government
Graft – Pertains to the use of public office for programs and projects as well as
private gain. expenditures are not being seriously
undertaken by those tasked to monitor
Corruption – them.
- The statement of assets and liabilities,
Specific Types of Corruption in the
which is an effective mechanism to curb
Philippines
graft and corruption is religiously
- Tax Evasion submitted yearly by all public officials.
- Nepotism & Favoritism
- Ghost projects & payrolls
- Extortion, protection money and bribery
- Evasion of public bidding in awarding
of contracts
Bribery – a person (e.g., a public official
witness, juror) voluntarily solicits or accepts any
benefit in exchange for influencing an official
act to afford the giver better than fair treatment.

- Unlike extortion, there is no coercion, so

neither person is intimidated, and both
engage in the act voluntarily. Therefore,
both the giver and receiver of the bribe
can be held liable for bribery.
Extortion – a person obtains property from
another using coercion (e.g., threats of future
physical injury, property damage, or exposure to
criminal)
Impediments to the Anti-Corruption Efforts