组织间液 （或组织液 ）是一种解决方案，沐浴和周围地区的多细胞动物的细

胞。 It is the main component of the , which also includes and .它

是主要成分外液 ，其中还包括等离子和跨细胞液 。 The interstitial fluid
is found in the interstitial spaces, also known as the tissue spaces.
该组织间液中发现的间质空间中的空间，也被称为。

On average, a person has about 11 litres (2.4 imperial gallons) of

interstitial fluid, providing the cells of the body with nutrients
and a means of waste removal.平均来说，一个人拥有约 11 间液升（2.4 加仑
英制），提供对人体细胞的营养物质和废物清除的手段。Interstitial fluid
(or tissue fluid) is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells
of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the
extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular
fluid. The interstitial fluid is found in the interstitial spaces,
also known as the tissue spaces.

On average, a person has about 11 litres (2.4 imperial gallons) of

interstitial fluid, providing the cells of the body with nutrients
and a means of waste removal.

生产和清除
血浆和组织间液非常相似。 血浆，血液中的重要组成部分，通信自由地与组织
间液通过孔隙和裂隙中的细胞间毛细血管 内皮细胞 。

[ 编辑 ] 组织液的形成

静水压力所产生的收缩力的心 。 它推动了水的毛细血管。

在水势创建由于小能力溶质穿过毛细血管壁。 这溶质集结诱导渗透 。 水从高

浓度传递以外的船只（水）到低浓度的血管内，试图达成一项平衡 。 水的渗
透压驱动器放回船只。 因为在不断的毛细血管血液流动，平衡从未达到过。

这两者之间的力量平衡在不同的毛细血管上的不同点。 在动脉导管端的，静水
压力是运动大于渗透压，所以净额（见净通量 ）有利于水和其他流体的溶质被
传递到组织。 在静脉结束时，渗透压越大，净迁移有利于使毛细血管物质被传
递回。 这种差异是创造出来的血的流动方向和中水净利于组织液流动，造成溶
质的不平衡。

[ 编辑 ] 组织中液体
为了防止集结组织注册的组织细胞周围的液体，在淋巴系统中起着一部分液体
的运输组织。 组织液可以传递到周围淋巴血管，并最终结束了重新加入了血。

有时，组织液去除不正常，并有一个集结。 这将导致肿胀，经常可以看到周围
的脚和脚踝例如， 象皮病 。 肿胀的位置，是因为影响的严重性 。

Production and removal

Plasma and interstitial fluid are very

similar. Plasma, the major component in blood,
communicates freely with interstitial fluid
through pores and intercellular clefts in
capillary endothelium. 功能
淋巴系统有多个相互关联的功能：

 它是为从组织间液负责清除

 它吸收和传输， 脂肪酸和脂肪的乳糜的循环系统

 IT 运免疫细胞和淋巴结中的骨

 淋巴输送抗原提呈细胞 （装甲运兵车）细胞，如树枝状，到淋巴结刺激
免疫反应的一个节点上的。

淋巴组织是一 specilized 结缔组织 - 网状结缔组织，它含有大量的淋巴细胞。

[edit] Formation of tissue fluid

Hydrostatic pressure is generated by the systolic force of the heart.

It pushes water out of the capillaries.

The water potential is created due to the ability of small solutes to

pass through the walls of capillaries. This buildup of solutes
induces osmosis. The water passes from a high concentration (of
water) outside of the vessels to a low concentration inside of the
vessels, in an attempt to reach an equilibrium. The osmotic pressure
drives water back into the vessels. Because the blood in the
capillaries is constantly flowing, equilibrium is never reached.

The balance between the two forces differs at different

points on the capillaries. At the arterial end of a vessel,
the hydrostatic pressure is greater than the osmotic
pressure, so the net movement (see net flux) favors water and
other solutes being passed into the tissue fluid. At the
venous end, the osmotic pressure is greater, so the net
movement favors substances being passed back into the
capillary. This difference is created by the direction of the
flow of blood and the imbalance in solutes created by the net
movement of water favoring the tissue fluid. Removal of
tissue fluid

To prevent a build-up of tissue fluid surrounding the cells in the

tissue, the lymphatic system plays a part in the transport of tissue
fluid. Tissue fluid can pass into the surrounding lymph vessels, and
eventually ends up rejoining the blood.

Sometimes the removal of tissue fluid does not function correctly,

and there is a build-up. This causes swelling, and can often be seen
around the feet and ankles, for example Elephantiasis. The position
of swelling is due to the effects of gravity.

[ 编辑 ] 组成
组织间液由水溶剂含有氨基酸，糖类，脂肪酸，辅酶，激素，神经递质，盐，
以及从细胞废物。

组织液成分取决于在生物组织和血液细胞之间的交流。 这意味着，组织液具有
在不同组织和身体的不同地区不同的组成。

不相同的流体和血液中的内容不是通过血液进入组织，这意味着组织。 红血细
胞 ， 血小板和血浆蛋白不能穿过墙壁的毛细血管 。 由此产生的混合物，并
通过在本质上是，血浆，没有血浆蛋白。 组织液也包含了一些类型的白血细胞
，这有助于打击感染。

淋巴结被认为是一种流体部分的间隙。 在淋巴系统返回多余的蛋白质和组织
间液的流通。
血浆离子组成的组织间液，改变由于吉布斯-唐南效果 。 这导致了两者之间的
阳离子和阴离子浓度流体车厢略有差异。

[ 编辑 ] 生理功能
组织间液沐浴细胞的组织 。 这提供了运送物料的细胞，细胞间的沟通，以及

代谢废物的清除方法。Composition 淋巴结

For more details on this topic, see .对于这个主题的更多细节，见淋巴结 。

A lymph node showing and 淋巴结显示传入和传出 淋巴管

A lymph node is an organized collection of lymphoid tissue, through

which the lymph passes on its way to returning to the blood.淋巴结是
淋巴组织的有组织的收集，通过淋巴转移给它的方式返回到血液。 Lymph
nodes are located at intervals along the lymphatic system.淋巴结位于
沿淋巴系统的时间间隔。 Several bring in lymph, which percolates
through the substance of the lymph node, and is drained out by an .
几个传入淋巴管带来淋巴液，其中浸透通过节点物质的淋巴，是一个由排水传
出淋巴管 。

The substance of a lymph node consists of lymphoid follicles in the

outer portion called the " ", which contains the lymphoid follicles,
and an inner portion called " ", which is surrounded by the cortex
on all sides except for a portion known as the " ".节点物质的组成部
分外淋巴淋巴滤泡在被称为“ 皮质 “，其中载有淋巴滤泡，和内部的部分
叫” 髓 “，这是各方所包围皮质除一部分被称为在“ 脐 “。 The hilum
presents as a depression on the surface of the lymph node, which
makes the otherwise spherical or ovoid lymph node bean-shaped.肺门表
现为一对淋巴结表面，这使得其他球形或卵形淋巴结豆状凹陷。 The efferent
lymph vessel directly emerges from the lymph node here.传出淋巴管直接
从淋巴结出现在这里。 The arteries and veins supplying the lymph node
with blood enter and exit through the hilum.动脉和静脉的血液供应，通
过进入和退出肺门淋巴结。

Lymph follicles are a dense collection of lymphocytes, the number,

size and configuration of which change in accordance with the
functional state of the lymph node.淋巴滤泡是一种淋巴细胞，数量，规模
和配置的变化与功能性的淋巴结按照国家稠密的集合。 For example, the
follicles expand significantly upon encountering a foreign antigen.例
如，卵泡显着扩大在遇到外来抗原。 The selection of B cells occurs in
the germinal center of the lymph nodes.对 B 细胞的选择发生在淋巴结生发
中心。

Lymph nodes are particularly numerous in the in the chest, neck,

pelvis, axilla (armpit), inguinal (groin) region, and in association
with the blood vessels of the intestines. [ 2 ]淋巴结，特别是众多在纵隔
的胸部，颈部，骨盆，腋下（腋下），腹股沟（腹股沟）地区，并在肠道协会
船只与血。 [2]

Interstitial fluid consists of a water solvent containing amino

acids, sugars, fatty acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters,
salts, as well as waste products from the cells.

The composition of tissue fluid depends upon the exchanges between

the cells in the biological tissue and the blood. This means that
tissue fluid has a different composition in different tissues and in
different areas of the body.

Not all of the contents of the blood pass into the tissue, which
means that tissue fluid and blood are not the same. Red blood cells,
platelets, and plasma proteins cannot pass through the walls of the
capillaries. The resulting mixture that does pass through is, in
essence, blood plasma without the plasma proteins. Tissue fluid also
contains some types of white blood cell, which help combat infection.

Lymph is considered a part of the interstitial fluid. The lymphatic

system returns protein and excess interstitial fluid to the
circulation.

The ionic composition of the interstitial fluid and blood plasma vary
due to the Gibbs-Donnan effect. This causes a slight difference in
the concentration of cations and anions between the two fluid
compartments.

[edit] Physiological function

Interstitial fluid bathes the cells of the tissues. This provides a
means of delivering materials to the cells, intercellular
communication, as well as removal of metabolic waste.

The lymphatic system is the part of the immune system comprising a

network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid
called lymph (from Latin lympha "water"[1]) unidirectionally toward
the heart. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the
lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the
digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all
the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of
lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the
lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system.[2] The lymphatic
system as we know it today was first described independently by Olaus
Rudbeck and Thomas Bartholin.

The blood does not directly come in contact with the parenchymal
cells and tissues in the body, but constituents of the blood first
exit the microvascular exchange blood vessels to become interstitial
fluid, which comes into contact with the parenchymal cells of the
body. Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid
enters the initial lymphatic vessels of the lymphatic system. The
lymph is then moved along the lymphatic vessel network by either
intrinsic contractions of the lymphatic vessels or by extrinsic
compression of the lymphatic vessels via external tissue forces (e.g.
the contractions of skeletal muscles).

The lymphatic system has multiple interrelated functions:

 it is responsible for the removal of interstitial fluid from

tissues

 it absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle to the

circulatory system

 it transports immune cells to and from the lymph nodes in to

the bone

 The lymph transports antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as

dendritic cells, to the lymph nodes where an immune response is
stimulated.

Lymphatic tissue is a specilized connective tissue - reticular

connective, that contains large quantities of lymphocytes.

Lymph nodes

For more details on this topic, see lymph node.

A lymph node showing afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels

A lymph node is an organized collection of lymphoid tissue, through
which the lymph passes on its way to returning to the blood. Lymph
nodes are located at intervals along the lymphatic system. Several
afferent lymph vessels bring in lymph, which percolates through the
substance of the lymph node, and is drained out by an efferent lymph
vessel.

The substance of a lymph node consists of lymphoid follicles in the

outer portion called the "cortex", which contains the lymphoid
follicles, and an inner portion called "medulla", which is surrounded
by the cortex on all sides except for a portion known as the "hilum".
The hilum presents as a depression on the surface of the lymph node,
which makes the otherwise spherical or ovoid lymph node bean-shaped.
The efferent lymph vessel directly emerges from the lymph node here.
The arteries and veins supplying the lymph node with blood enter and
exit through the hilum.

Lymph follicles are a dense collection of lymphocytes, the number,

size and configuration of which change in accordance with the
functional state of the lymph node. For example, the follicles expand
significantly upon encountering a foreign antigen. The selection of B
cells occurs in the germinal center of the lymph nodes.

Lymph nodes are particularly numerous in the mediastinum in the

chest, neck, pelvis, axilla (armpit), inguinal (groin) region, and in
association with the blood vessels of the intestines.[2]

Diseases of the lymphatic system

Lymphedema is the swelling caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid,
[6]
which may occur if the lymphatic system is damaged or has
malformations. It usually affects the limbs, though face, neck and
abdomen may also be affected.

Some common causes of swollen lymph nodes include infections,

infectious mononucleosis, and cancer, e.g. Hodgkin's and non-
Hodgkin's lymphoma, and metastasis of cancerous cells via the
lymphatic system. In elephantiasis, infection of the lymphatic
vessels cause a thickening of the skin and enlargement of underlying
tissues, especially in the legs and genitals. It is most commonly
caused by a parasitic disease known as lymphatic filariasis.
Lymphangiosarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor (soft tissue
sarcoma), whereas lymphangioma is a benign tumor occurring frequently
in association with Turner syndrome. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a
benign tumor of the smooth muscles of the lymphatics that occurs in
the lungs. 淋巴水肿是肿胀引起的淋巴积水， [6]如果可能发生淋巴系统被破
坏或有畸形。 It usually affects the limbs, though face, neck and
abdomen may also be affected.它通常影响四肢，但面部，颈部和腹部也可能
受到影响。

Some common causes of swollen lymph nodes include , , and , eg

and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma , and of cancerous cells via the
lymphatic system.淋巴结肿大的一些常见原因包括感染 ， 传染性单核细胞增
多 ，与癌症 ，如霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤和转移癌的淋巴系统的细胞
通过。 In , infection of the lymphatic vessels cause a thickening of
the skin and enlargement of underlying tissues, especially in the
legs and genitals.在象皮病 ，血管，淋巴感染引起的皮肤组织增厚的基础和
扩大，特别是在腿和生殖器。 It is most commonly caused by a known as
lymphatic filariasis . is a malignant soft tissue tumor ( ),
whereas is a benign tumor occurring frequently in association with
. is a benign tumor of the smooth muscles of the lymphatics that
occurs in the .这是最常见的引起的寄生虫病，称为淋巴丝虫病 。
Lymphangiosarcoma 是恶性软组织肿瘤（ 软组织肉瘤 ），而淋巴管瘤是一种
良性的肿瘤发生频繁协会与特纳综合征 。 淋巴管平滑肌瘤病是一种良性平滑
肌瘤的的淋巴管发生在肺部 。

淋巴结

A lymph node showing and 淋巴结显示传入和传出 淋巴管

A lymph node is an organized collection of lymphoid tissue, through
which the lymph passes on its way to returning to the blood.淋巴结是
淋巴组织的有组织的收集，通过淋巴转移给它的方式返回到血液。 Lymph
nodes are located at intervals along the lymphatic system.淋巴结位于
沿淋巴系统的时间间隔。 Several bring in lymph, which percolates
through the substance of the lymph node, and is drained out by an .
几个传入淋巴管带来淋巴液，其中浸透通过节点物质的淋巴，是一个由排水传
出淋巴管 。

The substance of a lymph node consists of lymphoid follicles in the

outer portion called the " ", which contains the lymphoid follicles,
and an inner portion called " ", which is surrounded by the cortex
on all sides except for a portion known as the " ".节点物质的组成部
分外淋巴淋巴滤泡在被称为“ 皮质 “，其中载有淋巴滤泡，和内部的部分
叫” 髓 “，这是各方所包围皮质除一部分被称为在“ 脐 “。 The hilum
presents as a depression on the surface of the lymph node, which
makes the otherwise spherical or ovoid lymph node bean-shaped.肺门表
现为一对淋巴结表面，这使得其他球形或卵形淋巴结豆状凹陷。 The efferent
lymph vessel directly emerges from the lymph node here.传出淋巴管直接
从淋巴结出现在这里。 The arteries and veins supplying the lymph node
with blood enter and exit through the hilum.动脉和静脉的血液供应，通
过进入和退出肺门淋巴结。

Lymph follicles are a dense collection of lymphocytes, the number,

size and configuration of which change in accordance with the
functional state of the lymph node.淋巴滤泡是一种淋巴细胞，数量，规模
和配置的变化与功能性的淋巴结按照国家稠密的集合。 For example, the
follicles expand significantly upon encountering a foreign antigen.例
如，卵泡显着扩大在遇到外来抗原。 The selection of B cells occurs in
the germinal center of the lymph nodes.对 B 细胞的选择发生在淋巴结生发
中心。

Lymph nodes are particularly numerous in the in the chest, neck,

pelvis, axilla (armpit), inguinal (groin) region, and in association
with the blood vessels of the intestines. [ 2 ]淋巴结，特别是众多在纵隔
的胸部，颈部，骨盆，腋下（腋下），腹股沟（腹股沟）地区，并在肠道协会
船只与血。 [2]