Sm ON NO EXAMPLE 40. Show that the moon would depart forever itits speed were increased by 42%. Solution ; When moon revolves around earth, the gravitational attraction provides the necessary centripetal force GMm omy, _ [GM 5 r Here M is mass of earth, m is mass of moon. r=radius of circular path followed by moon ‘uv, = speed with which moon revolves around earth If the moon were to depart forever, it must possess a speeq which is equal to the escape velocity for earth We know 2GM = ° r Required percentage increase in velocity of moon [2GM _ [GM = (2 =} «100% = 00 Up [GM r = (V2 -1) x 100=41-42 = 42%=8* 102 =8 em, 42. The radius of Planet is a nent tet ec ithe planet and at the earth are. and v, respectively, th Ae that p= 20. ip and , respectively, then _ [26M Solution : v, R, Al) If earth is a sphere of radius R, and ensty of earth then mass of the earth” ache 4 eee M. = 3 Rep 4 26x4+2R3p ee =R, f= Gp ...2) Similarly escape velocity for planet 3) Divide equation (3) by equation (2) Y au, _ Rp vw Re so R, =2R,and vp=2v, EXAMPLE 43. A body of mass 200 kg falls on the earth from infinity. What will be its velocity on reaching the earth ? What will be its kinetic energy ? Given the radius of earth is 6400 km and g=9-8 ms~. Air friction is negligible. Solution : When a body thrown up with escape velocity v, reaches the infinity, Hence a body falling on earth from infinity should come back with velocity vis given by w = y2eR, = \2% 98% x 108 12x 10mst=112kmst KE. =m =F * 200 (12 «10°F = 100 «11-2 11-2108 = 1-254 x10" JBeak See EXAMPLE 48.An earth’s satellite makes a circle around the earth in 90 minutes. How much is the height of the satellite above surface of earth ? Given radius of earth is 6400 km ang g=98 ms, Solution :Here T = 90 minutes = 5400 s R = 6400 km = 6-4 « 10°m, g=9'8 ms? 3 Weknow T = 20/20" gR Squaring both sides (R+hyP 2 = T? =4r2 wR? _ gR?T? (thy 7 ann 1/3 (eka Bae ( an } _ [98 x (6-4 x 10°)? x (5400)? I 4 x (3:14)? = 6-668 x10 m= 6668 km R+h =6668kn h = 6668 km — 6400 km = 268 km h =268km EXAMPLE 49.4 satellite with kinetic energy Ex is revolving around the earth in a circular orbit close to earth. How much more kinetic energy should be given to it so that it may just escape into outer space ? Solution : Let up and v, be the orbital velocity and escape velocity of the satellite close to earth so, we = Rv,(oo aes 1 Also Re ym K.E. required for escaping into outer space ele el ym = > m(V2v9)? l 2 (4 mvp ) =2 Hence additional KE. required = 28, —E, = Ey E 50.A body is projected vertically upwards with a ‘equal to half of escape velocity from the surface \Whatis the maximum height attained by the! body? oa Solution : When body is at surface of earth then total exert, _1,,2GM _ GMm = |26M =—m—-—_— | = a” R R B _ 3GMm 4R At the highest point K.E. = 0 and E= GMm_ PE = Gag fy (shia attained by body So at highest point total energy of body = PF. _3GMm ___GMm 4R R +h) 3(R+A) =4R h=RB