United International University

School of Business & Economics

Assignment of
Management and Organization Behavior

(Assume that you are top executive of on organization. Now think of a

decision which will bring significant change in your organization)

Prepared for
Professor Md. Salim Bhuiyan
Professor & Director, Institute of Business and Economic Research (IBER)
United International University.

Group-07

S.L Name of the Student ID Number

01 Md Nazrul Islam 115 201 007
02 Mushfika Farzana Mumu 112 211 088
03 Md Saidur Rahman 115 202 002
04 Sadain Bin Mahboob 113 211 003
05 Md. Rahat Bin Kashem 112 203 019
06 Laxmi Paul 112 211 074
 Date of Submission: 24th April, 2021
Letter of Transmittal

24th April, 2021

To
Professor Md. Salim Bhuiyan
Professor & Director, Institute of Business and Economic Research (IBER)
United International University.

Subject: Submission of Report on “Assume that you are top executive of on organization. Now think
of a decision which will bring significant change in your organization”.

Dear Sir,
With due respect, This is to inform you that we successfully complete our report on the topic of “Assume
that you are top executive of on organization. Now think of a decision which will bring significant change
in your organization” as an assignment of “Management and Organization Behavior” Course, MIHRM 713
(MA).

We would like to give you thank for giving us the opportunity to study under you. This report explores the
level of knowledge that we have gained through writing this report. This report has been prepared based on
the information that we have found form text book, Slides, web sites, and conducting Survey with different
people.

Therefore, we sincerely hope that you will appreciate our effort and we will be very grateful if our report is
accepted for the appropriate purpose.
We would appreciate if you please give your valuable opinions and observations.

Thanking you and on behalf of the Group: 07

Sincerely yours,

Group: 07
Table of content

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Chapter 1:……………………………………………..…………………….…………………………….4
1.1 Management and Organization Behavior………………………………………………………………4
1.2 Definition of Management………………………………………………………………..
…………….4
1.2.1 Background of the Report ……………………………………………………………………………
4 1.2.2 Scope of the
Study…………………………………………………………………………………....5 Chapter 2:
About Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd………………………………………………………...……....6
2.1 About Zas Apparels (Pvt.)
Ltd………………………………………………………………………….7
Chapter 3. Professional Research on the topic………………………………………………………...…..7
3.1 Historical Background………………………………………………………………………………….7
3.1.1 Total number of employee……………………………………………………………………………7
3. 2 Recruitment &
Selection…………………………………………………………………………….....7
3.3 Principles of Recruitment………………………………………………………………………...…….7
3.4 Recruitment process of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd……………………………………………………….7
3.5 Recruitment Policy of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd………………………………………………………...8
3.6 Functions of management………………………………………………………………………………8
3.6.1 Planning………………………………………………………………………………………………8
3.6.2 Organizing……………………………………………………………………………………………8
3.6.3 Staffing……………………………………………………………………………………………….8
3.6.4 Directing…………………………………………………………………………………………...…8
3.6.5 Controlling…………………………………………………………………………………………....8
3.6.6 Management levels of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd………………………………………………………9
3.6.1 Top level managements………………………………………………………………………………9
3.6.2 Middle level
managers………………………………………………………………………………..9
3.6.3 Lower level managers………………………………………………………………………………...9
3.7 Decision making process of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd…………………………………………………..9
3.7.1 Importance of Decision- Making …………………………………………………………………….9
3.7.2 Process of Decision- Making…………………………………………………………………………9
3.7.3 Problem awareness………………………………………………………………………………….10
3.7.4 Problem
diagnosis…………………………………………………………………………………...10
3.7.5 Development of alternative solutions……………………………………………………………….10
3.7.6 Evaluation of alternative solutions………………………………………………………………….10
3.7.7 Selection of the best solution………………………………………………………………………..10
3.7.8 Implementation of the decision……………………………………………………………………..10
3.8 Types of Decisions……………………………………………………………………………………10
3.9 Decision Levels of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd…………………………………………………………..11
Chapter 4. It is possible to change the way their organization is based on a decision…………………...11
4.1 Goals and Objectives of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd……………………………………………………..11
4.1 Objective of
Management……………………………………………………………………………..11
4.1 Better quality of products and
services……………………………………………………………….12
4.2 Optimum utilization of
resources……………………………………………………………………..12
4.3 Regularity in the supply of goods and services in the market……………………………………...…
13
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4.4 Regularity in the supply of goods and services in the
market………………………………………...13
4.5 Promotions of research and development in the
market……………………………………………....13
4.6 The best environment of the
organization…………………………………………………………….13
4.7 Discipline and morale……………………………………………………………………………..
….13
4.8 Improving performance…………………………………………………………………………...
….14
4.9 Minimizing the risk
factor…………………………………………………………………………….14
4.10 Future planning of the organization…………………………………………………………………14
4.11 Employees working from
home……………………………………………………………………...14
4.11.1 Advantages and disadvantages of employees working at home……………………………...……15
Chapter 5. Conclusion, Summary and recommendation……………………………………...……….…
16
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………....16

Chapter 1:

1.1 Management and Organization Behavior

Introduction: - Companies of the same industry are being affected by the same environmental factors.
Some companies attract a number of customers while some other companies repel them. Employees refer
to be identified with some companies while they prefer to be unemployed in case of some other
companies. Why do companies perform differently when they operate under the same environmental
conditions, serve the same customer, and use the same raw material and technology and employ the
people with similar skills? The answer for this question, invariably, is management practices. Thus
‘Management’ makes remarkable difference between the companies regarding their performance in terms
of productivity, products, sales, profitability, service to the customer, employee welfare etc.

Definition of management: - Mary Parker defines the term management as “the art of getting things
done through others.”

Ivancerich, Donnelly and Gibson, defines the term management as “the process undertaken by one or
more persons to coordinate the activities of other persons to achieve results not attainable by any one
person acting alone.”
John A. Pearce and Richard B. Robinson included all kinds of resources in their definition on
management. According to them, “Management is the process of optimizing human, material and
financial contribution for the achievement of organizational goals.”

1.2 Definition of Management

Management is the coordination and administration of tasks to achieve a goal. Such administration
activities include setting the organization’s strategy and coordinating the efforts of staff to accomplish

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 these objectives through the application of available resources. Management can also refer to the
seniority structure of staff members within an organization.

The analysis of the above definitions provides the following aspects of management.

 The purpose of management is to formulate effective (right) organizational strategies and to

achieve them efficiently (productively) based on the missions objectives and goals.
 Management deals with both internal and external environment.
 Management is concerned with all kinds of resources viz., human, financial, material machines,
technology and technical know- how.
 Management functions include: planning, organizing, directing and controlling.
 Managers should possess varied skills in order to play a variety of roles.
 It applies to managers at all levels in an organization.
 Management is applicable to all kind of organizations i.e., both profit and non- profit oriented
organizations.
 Management vs. Administration.
 Management is an art and a science in order to create a surplus.
 Management need to be a profession to achieve goals continuously with an incremental
efficiency.

1.2.1 Background of the Report

The main purpose of assignments is to increase the learning capabilities of students. The more we use
our brains, the more they develop. This is a proven scientific fact and this is the principle behind giving
extremely creative and involving assignments to the students. Students learn a lot more when they read
or practice something by themselves.
The report has been is prepared to make the statement that any decision of top Executive of the company
may significant change the organization.
1.2.2 Objective of the Study
1.2.1 Broad Objective:
The broad or general purpose of this report is to fully understand how the organization can be
transformed through any one important decision from the top executive of the organization and the
implementation of human resource planning.

1.2.2 Scope of the Study

The study of organizational behavior gives insight on how employees behave and perform in the
workplace. It helps us develop an understanding of the aspects that can motivate employees, increase
their performance, and help organizations establish a strong and trusting relationship with their
employees.

Methodology
Primary:
The primary information is collected through face to face interview along with the Human Resource
Department of “Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd” about employee’s productivity and proper implementation of
Human resources planning.

Secondary:

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The secondary information collected from website, magazine, memorandum, journals, internal
database and some other relevant sources. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to
generate this report. The secondary data sources are website, different published reports, manuals,
different publications of “Far East Knitting and Dyeing Industries Limited”.

Chapter 2: About Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd

2.1 About Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd
Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd was incorporated as an apparel manufacturer for the global market in January
2014. The organization commenced operation with a modest 150 workforce and 100 sewing machines.
Currently operating with a workforce of 1200 and 650 sewing machines, and look forward to double
the capacity by mid of 2021. Current capacity is 3.6 million pieces a year. The head office with
marketing, merchandising team and management is located in the factory and the corporate office as
well as an additional marketing office is located in Dhaka City.
Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd belongs to the Mawla Wings which started its journey in December 1990. Then
progressively its opened other wings called
Mawla Trading (A house of quality garment accessories supplier)
Mawla Labels Ltd (Computerized Woven & Printed label factory)
Mawla Printing & Packaging (Manufacturing all printing & packaging unit)
Fashion Mine Ltd (A total solution of Quality dress making)
M. Button & Brooch Ltd (All types of Button Manufacturing unit)
Mawla Sthapona Ltd (Dependable Housing & Real estate company)
Mawla Textile Mills (Pvt) Ltd (A step in contributing with RMG Sector)
Honorable chairman Col. Mahbub ul Alam, B.P (Retd.) & our Managing director Mr. Afzalul Alam
decided to contribute in the garment sector of our country after watched the heartrending accidents in
Savar which is demolish the Rana plaza and Tazrin fashion in 2013. And that year he declared to
establish garment industry with well equipments and mostly secure working environment name as Zas
Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd.
Zas Apparels (Pvt) Ltd. strives to meet changing global requirements and customer satisfaction. The
customer-driven strategy allows for a better understanding of the client’s needs and thus enables to
deliver the product instantly and efficiently. Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd. is also engaged in the welfare of
the people to provide clear talent recognition, skills development training and ensure a worker-friendly
environment.
Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd now well equipped with modern machineries in all department to ensure the
best support to the suit the taste of the customers. It is accredited with a couple of certificates BSCI,
SEDEX, OCS, and ACCORD (RSC). Zas Apparels main asset is their people. Without whom Zas
Apparels would not been here today, nor could it continue to remain as a market leader. They believe
in the strategy that development is a never-ending process. Therefore it takes special care to improve
every step and appreciate all innovative ideas for customers and employee welfare.
Vision:
 To ensure that our products are always safe to consumers and the environment.
 To focus and work towards a sustainable socially responsible program.
 To empower and enable our employees with successful career enhancement programs.
 To discover new heights with a participative and inclusive policy along with our people.
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Mission:
 To provide to the world a portfolio of quality garments that foresees and satisfies customers’ needs.
 Offering trend-setting woven garments to the global market.
 Being innovative, cost effective and globally innovative.
 Ensuring in time delivery with right quality.
 Providing opportunities of growth to all stakeholders and improve people’s lives.

Chapter 3. Professional Research on the topic

3.1 Historical Background
Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd was incorporated as an apparel manufacturer for the global market in January
2014. The organization commenced operation with a modest 150 workforce and 100 sewing machines.
Currently operating with a workforce of 1200 and 650 sewing machines, and look forward to double
the capacity by mid of 2021. Current capacity is 3.6 million pieces a year. The head office with
marketing, merchandising team and management is located in the factory and the corporate office as
well as an additional marketing office is located in Dhaka City.
Product: all kind of Woven garments. Total Machine: 650 Area: 97500 sft. Including production floor,
store and office.
3.1.1 Total number of employee;

Category of Employee Number Remarks

Staff/Officer 300 (Approx)
Worker 900 (Approx)
Total 1200 (Approx)

3. 2 Recruitment & Selection

Employees are integral to the ongoing success of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd. Therefore it is imperative
that people with right skills and background are recruited by Zas Apparels. Recruitment of officer/staff
is done through a structured selection process by HRM & FHRO Dept. Recruitment of Workers is
ensured by competent recruitment committee of concern factory.
3.3 Principles of Recruitment
Positions that become vacant will be openly advertised externally and/or internally where necessary.
 All Advertise will state that Zas Apparels is an equal opportunity employer. In order to provide equal
employment and advancement opportunity to all individuals, employment opportunity will be based
on the merit, qualification, skills and abilities.
 PGI will not discriminate in employment opportunities and practices based on race, color, sex,
ethnicity and age or any other characteristics protected by law.
 For all position external and internal candidate will be treated equally if no any special and
additional requirement is needed for the position.
3.4 Recruitment process of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd
Recruitment is the process of finding and attraction capable applicants for employment. Zas Apparels
(Pvt.) Ltd always wants to recruit the right people with combination of skills and resources in the right
place. Because Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd believes that in order to achieve the organizational goal
effectively there must be a need of skilled human resources. Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd always believes in
Equal Employment color, region, race, age, national origin or any other factor. The Company always
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 wants to recruit the best and suitable human resources in the vacant position. The person who can face
the global challenges and always concentrate to achieve the Company’s vision, mission, and goals
always gets preference.

3.5 Recruitment Policy of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd

To achieve the organizational goal effectively Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd Top Management has develop a
“Recruitment Policy”. In accordance with the Recruitment Policy there have some guidelines. The
guidelines of the policy are as follows:
• Ensure the right people in the right place.
• Combination of skills and resources is a must.
• No discrimination against the applicant on the basis of sex, color, region, race, age, national origin or
any other factor.
• Company’s policy is always loyal to the Local law.
• No one who is below 18 years of age can be hired as an employee for Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd on
regular, contract or temporary status.
• The person who is serving in any other companies whether temporary or permanent under any
circumstances in any capacity is never recruited.
• That functional heads determines suitable qualification for any post.  Absolute confidentiality in
HR Recruitment Policy must maintain.
3.6 Functions of management
As indicated earlier, management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling the efforts of organization members in utilizing all resources to achieve organizational goals,
objectives and mission. Management is a process as it operates the activities systematically.
3.6.1 Planning:

 Planning consists of the activities involved in choosing courses of action to achieve organizational
objectives.
 It is deciding in advance what to do, when to do, how to do and who will do it, in order to achieve
these objectives.
 Both long- term and short- term plans are necessary to achieve goals.
3.6.2 Organizing:

 Organizing involves the grouping of jobs into framework for coordination and direction.
 Formal organizations may be portrayed by use of an organization chart.
 Organizations are structured based on product, function, geography, customer and project.
 The matrix structure has evolved as a result of complex environments, markets and technology.

3.6.3 Staffing:

 Staffing is planning, organizing, directing and controlling of procurement, development,

compensation, integration and maintenance of people for the purpose of contributing to individual,
organizational and social goals.
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 This process requires the performance of the functions like job analysis, human resources planning,
recruitment, selection, induction, placement, training, execute development, wage and salary
administration, leadership, teamwork, motivation, grievance procedure, disciplinary procedure etc.
3.6.4 Directing:

 The important function of management at any level is directing the people by motivating,
commanding, leading and activating them.
 The willing and effective cooperation of employees for the attainment of organizational goals is
possible through direction.
 Tapping the maximum potentialities of the people is possible through and command.
 Thus, direction is an important managerial function in securing employee’s contribution.
3.6.5 Controlling:

 After planning, organizing, staffing and directing the various activities, the performance is to be
verified in order to know whether the activities are performed in conformity with the plans and
objectives or not.
 Controlling also involves checking, verifying and comparing of actual performance with the plans,
identification of deviations, if any and correcting of identified deviations.
 Thus, actions and operations are adjusted to predetermined plans and standards through control.
 The purpose of control is to ensure the effective operation of an organization by focusing on all
resources- human, material, finance and machines.
3.6.6 Management levels of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd

 Top level management

 Middle level management
 Lower level management

3.6.1 Top level managements:- Top level management are the senior level executives of the company
including the Managing director or President Vice- Presidents, General managers, Chief managers of
company, ect. Top level management particularly the managing director or President of the company is
responsible for the overall management and performance of the company. Top level management
formulates objectives, policies and corporate level strategies of the company.

3.6.2 Middle level managers: - Middle level managers are responsible for coordination of the activities
of various departments. Middle managers include managers of various departments, marketing, finance,
human resource and research and development departments. These managers are responsible for the
success or failure of their departments. Middle level managers formulate the objectives, goals and
strategies of their departments based on those of the organization.
3.6.3 Lower level managers: - Lower level managers are responsible for the work of the operating staff
working with them. Lower level managers are also called first- Line or First- Line or junior managers.
They direct, lead, motivate and coordinate the activities of the operating employees. These managers
mostly supervise the operating perform their work. As such, the lower level managers are also called
‘Supervisors’.

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3.7 Decision making process of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd

Decision- making is the process of choosing the best from among the alternative solutions under a given
set of circumstances.
Decision making is the process of choosing the best among the available alternatives with a purpose
under a given set of circumstances. 3.7.1 Importance of Decision- Making

 Managers perform all their functions and activities through decision- making.
 In addition, making the decision in right time values much to the organization rather than making a right
decision in the wrong time.
 Managers in the business world, often fail to make a decision in the right time and allow the competitors
to grab the opportunities.
 As such, managers have to make not only the right decisions but make them in right time.
 Otherwise, the problems remain or magnify and culminate into a crisis.
 Decision- making process helps the management to procure necessary data and information.
 Decision- making further helps in the formulation of strategies and implement them.

3.7.2 Process of Decision- Making

1. Problem Awareness
2. Problem diagnosis
3. Development of alternative solutions
4. Evaluation of alternative solutions
5. Selection of the best solution
6. Implementation of the decision

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 3.7.3 Problem awareness
• Mostly individual employees identify the problems in various areas.
• Individuals, when they get a ‘gut feeling’ that something is wrong, they identify the problem.
• The awareness of a problem mostly occurs to employees at the grass- root level like sales people, machine
operator, finance assistants, human resource assistants ect.
• Internal performance measurements like level of turnover or profit performance.

3.7.4 Problem diagnosis

 After the individual employees are aware of the problem and it is informed to the managers, managers
will gather the information and define the problem.
 Information may be explored to determine the facts of the problem in detail.
 Such information may be gathered on a verbal and informal basis.
 Rationalize the information and stimuli relevant to the problem so as to classify the situation.
 Act diplomatically to establish peer groups or those of political support for individual views of the
problem.

3.7.5 Development of alternative solutions

• After the problem is diagnosed clearly, the tendency of managers is that of searching for readymade
solutions.
• Through memory search in which the managers seek for known, existing or attempted solutions.
• Passive search which entails waiting for possible solutions to be offered.
• This process of developing solutions takes place through discussions, debates, consultations and
brainstorming sessions and by sharing management wisdom and experience. 3.7.6 Evaluation of
alternative solutions

 After the alternative solutions are developed, the solutions have to be formally evaluated based on their
inherent strengths and weaknesses and also based on the environmental threats and opportunities for
implementations.
 The solutions are to be ranked on the basis of their weights in terms of strengths and opportunities after
eliminating the non- viable solutions in view of their weaknesses and environmental threats for
implementation

3.7.7 Selection of the best solution

 After the formal evaluation and ranking is completed, the managers tend to re- evaluate the solution
based on the managerial judgment followed by political bargaining as the formal evaluation is not the
predominant criterion for assessing the feasibility in practice.
 Therefore, the techniques for evaluation of solutions also include social and political process.

3.7.8 Implementation of the decision

• Implementation of the selected solutions is a part of the decision- making process as the process may
be required to be recycled due to impediments in the process of implementation.

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 • The managers should secure the support of the top management for allocation of resources; time ect,
regarding the implementation of the decision.

3.8 Types of Decisions

 Programmed and Non-Programmed Decisions

 Major and Minor Decisions
 Routine and Strategic Decisions
 Policy and Operative Decisions
 Organizational and Personal Decisions
 Individual and Group Decisions
 Long-Term, Departmental and Non-Economic Decisions
 Crisis and Research Decisions
 Problem and Opportunity Decisions

3.9 Decision Levels of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd

We all recognize that some decisions are more important than others, whether in their immediate impact
or long term significance. As a means of understanding the significance of a decision so that we can
know how much time and resources to spend on it, three levels of decision have been identified:
1. Strategic. Strategic decisions are the highest level. Here a decision concerns general direction, long
term goals, philosophies and values. These decisions are the least structured and most imaginative; they
are the most risky and of the most uncertain outcome, partly because they reach so far into the future
and partly because they are of such importance.
For example: Decisions about what to do with your life, what to learn, or what methods to use to gain
knowledge (travel, work, and school) would be strategic. Whether to produce a low priced product and
gain market share or produce a high priced product for a niche market would be a strategic decision.
2. Tactical. Tactical decisions support strategic decisions. They tend to be medium range, medium
significance, with moderate consequences.
For example: If your strategic decision were to become a forest ranger, a tactical decision would include
where to go to school and what books to read. Or if your company decided to produce a low priced
product, a tactical decision might be to build a new factory to produce them at a low manufacturing
cost.
3. Operational. These are every day decisions, used to support tactical decisions. They are often made
with little thought and are structured. Their impact is immediate, short term, short range, and usually
low cost. The consequences of a bad operational decision will be minimal, although a series of bad or
sloppy operational decisions can cause harm. Operational decisions can be preprogrammed, pre-made,
or set out clearly in policy manuals.

Chapter 4. It is possible to change the way their organization is based on a decision.

During the pandemic of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd. Covid-19, the company made important decisions for
its goals and objectives. Subsequently, the organization's goals and some policies were changed on the
occasion of Corona, and an executive decision was made to achieve the organization's results during the
epidemic.
4.1 Goals and Objectives of Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd
Has used a variety of methods and approaches to define the goals and objectives of the organization using
formal and informal methods. In doing so, the organization has been able to provide a definition of the
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 goals and objectives that represent its current thinking. These goals and objectives can then be
integrated into the decision-making process so that decisions made with the decision model are
structured to influence all levels of the organization and are quantifiable and recognizable.
In setting the goals and objectives of the organization, consider the use of management for a consensus.
Available group decision-making strategies vary in degree of formality and have been used to simplify
the process. Strategies range from intelligent to more sophisticated approaches. The final result is a clear
definition of what Zas Apparels (Pvt.) Ltd sees as its goal and purpose. The following is a sequence of
steps that the organization has used to establish its goals and objectives.
The main goal of any organization is to make maximum profit out of the human and capital resources
available with them and we can also say that they want to achieve the economic objectives of the
business entity.
 Survival – Every organization has the objective to survive in the market for longer terms as long as
possible. So, it is one of the organizational objectives for which each and every organization works
and no one wants to get their businesses closed in any case in the market.
 Profit maximization – Every organization has a dream of getting higher and higher profits and funds
so that the business and its workings can be expanded and the company can grow more and more. This
is the whole and sole objective for which an organization works who is not a non-profit organization.
This factor is the most important one while managing the objective of the business entity or an
organization.
 Growth – Growth of a business is very necessary as this is the only indicator of the success of a
business and the objective of the organization should be framed in such a manner that it should match
the growth perspective of a business entity. To maintain the position in the industry growth of a
company is very necessary as the company will be only able to analyze its full potential when it will
be competing with the others in the market and growing in the same manner. The growth indicators
increase in sales quantity, an increase in the number of employees, increasing the production of the
products and an increase in the level of the amount invested.
4.1 Objective of Management
Management means managing different tasks in an organization or in life. A manager is s a person who
analyses all the needs and requirements of the business and is the one who plans each and every task
and makes certain goals to achieve by planning and implementing different tasks and working in an
organization.
Every company or every organization has a need to manage all their daily routine tasks and working to
achieve the different goals and objectives of the organization that can help the organization to grow
more and more in the industry and in the market. Effective management can lead to the growth of a
company in unlimited ways and can help the organization or the company or the business entity to gain
more and more profits and help them in a perpetual succession of their businesses. Every business
entity or the organization has some goals and the objectives that can help them to achieve the growth
perspective of the organization and different other goals. No company or organization can be formed
without having certain objectives and goals with them. Every organization id formed for fulfilling and
achieving certain goals and objectives. The goals and objectives of the organization can be monetary
and can be non-monetary depending upon the type of the organization like whether it is nonprofit
organization or a normal organization made for a purpose of making money out of the workings in the
market. It is necessary for every organization to define its goals and objectives clearly so all the
employees and the management can work effectively to achieve those goals and objective which can
help them in their long term and in their long-term survival.
Management of the organization makes different short-term goals and objectives to achieve the long
term goals and objectives of an organization. These short-term goals are the objective of the
organization that helps them to achieve the big results in the organization which is helpful to get the

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confidence of the internal and external environment of the organization. Out of the various objectives
of the management ten most important objectives of the management are –
4.1 Better quality of products and services
The first and main objective of the management of any company or the organization is to produce and
provide a better quality of goods and service to the organization which can help them to improve the
productivity of the organization and helps them to reduce the cost of wastages and default products
which will help them to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the available resources and
helps them to produce quality product and services. The quality of products and service helps the
company to fetch the eyes of more and more customers that can help them to increase their sales and
their profit share. The growth of any organization or the company is largely dependent upon the
products and service the company and the organization provide to their potential customers and satisfy
their needs and demand.
4.2 Optimum utilization of resources
It is the foremost objective of the management to take care of the resources that the company or the
organization has. The management has the responsibility to see that the organization's resources are
being utilized fully or not and in an efficient manner or not. Optimum utilization is necessary to save
the cost of the company and helps to achieve fuller utilization of resources. The proper use of human
resources, capital resources, labor, equipment’s and machinery collectively help the organization to
increase the profit earning capacity of the organization or the company and helps to utilize the given
resources effectively and efficiently. If company o the organization is able to achieve profit
maximization then they will be able to achieve the confidence and trust of the stakeholders of the
company that is investors, shareholders, employees, suppliers, and customers as well.
4.2 Growth and development of the business organization
It is the objective of the management to take care about the growth and the development of the business
and to ensure that the company or the business entity is earnings growth and good profits which is
helpful for the long-term survival of the business and for the effective and efficient workings of the
organization or the business. The development is also necessary for any company and the business to
grow the business make the workings and the day to day operations of the businesses more effective.
So, this is necessary for the management to take care of the growth of the business and the
development of the business employees and its day to day workings.
4.4 Regularity in the supply of goods and services in the market
The supply of products and services are should be regular in markets. If the supply of the product or
less or not proper in the market then it tends to lose its potential customers as they would be attracted
towards the other products or the other substitutes available in the market. For the growth of the sales
in the organization it is necessary for a product to completely capture all the potential customers
available the market which can only happen it the supply of the products and services are continuous in
the market and no disruption in the products and the services is there from the company or the business
entity. Regularity and availability of the products are necessary for the company to gain a good
customer base and capture a good market share.
4.5 Promotions of research and development in the market
The company must have the objective to do regular research on the product and service being provided
by the company to its customers and always try to make the best product and do research to enhance
the product a make necessary changes in the products and the services which can help them to achieve
greater sales and greater profit which can only be possible if the customers tend to do regular research
in the products and modify them on a regular basis. Development of the product so that the customers
can achieve greater satisfaction from the products and service is necessary as it helps the customers
satisfaction and customer loyalty which further helps to gain trust and confidence of the customer.
Research and development or also necessary for an organization to compete in the market with its
competitors and to provide better goods and service to the customer s tan the services and products
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provided by the competitors in the market so that the company or the organization can gain good
market share in the industry and be said as a successful company in the market.
4.6 The best environment of the organization
This should be one of the objectives so that the organization to provide the best environment to the
workers and to the employees of the organization so that they can work effectively and efficiently and
work with the full dedication and with the full capacity that they have. This factor helps to keep the
employees happy and satisfied with the organization and also helps to motivate them in such a manner
which can increase their productivity and keep their work-life balance properly so that they can have
time for their personal work as well. This should be the objective of the organization so that the
workers can work happily and effectively in the organization and can help the organization or the
company to achieve their goals and objectives along with their personal goals and objectives. This
increases the occupancy rate and helps to reduce the rate of replacement of employees and helps to
sustain the talented employees within the organization for a longer time so that the recruitment cost of
the company or the organization can also be reduced and the overall cost of the company can be
reduced or minimized and efficiency can be increased.
4.7 Discipline and morale
The company should have the objective to maintain the ethical standard in the workings of the
organization and they should put examples from the upper level of management so that the middle
level management an t the lower level management can take it as an example and do not try to work in
an unethical manner and do not try to do any unethical and indiscipline activity within the organization
which can hurt the sentiments of people and can lead to the effective management of the organization
to a defective one and can lead to generate losses in the organization or the company. Effective
implementation of the ethical standard is very necessary as it helps the company build a good image in
the market and can help them to gain the confidence and trust of the outer people or the external
environment of the organization and to ensure the transparency in the organization and helps to make
all the transactions more clearer and remove all the immoral practices like fraud and misrepresentation
from the organization or the company and to gain profits and increase market value of the company in
the market and in the industry.
4.8 Improving performance
The management of the organization must have the objective to improve the performance of the
existing employees and overall workings of the organization. Increasing performance helps the
organization to improve its workings and the management must take some steps to improve the
existing performance, the management should conduct proper training and developments sessions for
the improvement of their employees and they should also be given proper mentoring and motivational
sessions so that everyone can improve upon their existing skills and can work effectively as per the
needs and desires of the organization and the market demand of the industry because it is easy to get
the existing employees trained than hiring new employees and training them. Performance of the
organization should be improved so that the company can take the benefit of the fuller utilization of
resources and the improved productivity and profitability can be achieved easily when everyone is
open to the new and improved ways of working.
4.9 Minimizing the risk factor
Some of the objectives of the organization or the business entity must focus on minimizing the risk of
the business entity as with the help of the forecasting techniques one can observe and see the future risk
and developments that can take place and become a factor of risk in the organization or for the
workings of the organization. This thing helps the company or the business entity to prepare itself in
beforehand so that the upcoming changes and the threat can be overcome by the company or the
organization and the employees would be aware of the upcoming future hurdles and the upcoming risk
that can arise in the organization. Management should keep its eyes and ears open for any threat and
risk factor that can arise in the future at any time and provides loss to the business of the company or
the organization.
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 4.10 Future planning of the organization
The management must include the future planning of the organization in their goals and objectives. The
management should plan for the next step of the organization after one task is completed and after the
one goal or objective is achieved the planning should help them to take care of the future workings and
should include the indication of the working environment ad new strategies for the business that can
help them to get a good understanding of the requirements of the business and the planning of
expansion and growth of the business, its workings, its productivity, and its related activities must be
there then only the future planning often organization can be taken place successfully and without any
hurdle. All the activities from planning to the execution of the different tasks of the organization should
include in the future planning of the company as well only then the perfect future planning can be
achieved and the help from the past year plans can be taken to get the more practical idea.
So, these were some of the basic objective of management that every company follows.
4.11 Employees working from home
4.11.1 Advantages and disadvantages of employees working at home.
Home working opens up a new range of possibilities for the way businesses can work and structure
themselves. With the outbreak of the corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic, home working has given
some employers the flexibility they need to continue their business operations while prioritizing staff
and customer health and wellbeing as part of their public health responsibility.
Prior to the corona virus pandemic, working from home was on the increase as many employers
identified the benefits that it can bring to their business and the improved work-life balance for their
employees. Even if you don't think working from home would be beneficial for your business,
employees with 26 weeks service have a statutory right to request flexible-working arrangements
such as home working and you, as an employer, have to seriously consider such requests. Advantages of
employees working from home
With increasing numbers of employees working at home - or using home as a working base for at least
part of the week - it's clear there are a number of benefits for business, such as:

• Flexibility and agility - home working enables more agility and flexibility in working arrangements.
With employees no longer tied to an office, they may be better placed and more willing to work
flexible hours such as earlier or later in the day or even at weekends. This may help you meet certain
business needs eg if you are trading with customers residing in a different time zone.
• Improved employee retention - home working can help retain employees as the flexibility of home
working can help them meet childcare needs, reduce their commute and enable them to fit their work
around their personal life. Being allowed to work from home, staff will also feel increased levels of
trust from their employer, which can contribute greatly to staff loyalty.
• Attract new talent - home working can be offered as an incentive to come and work for you helping
you to attract new talent to your business. Even just offering the option to work from home will give
you an advantage in the job market over competitors that don't offer home working as an option to
their staff.
• Increased productivity - due to fewer interruptions, this would normally occur in an office
environment. By contrast, working from home allows for a quieter environment that can facilitate
more focused work. You may also find that employees will work longer hours as they can also use
their time saved from commuting to start work earlier, later or both.
• Increased staff motivation - by working from home staff will feel more trusted by their employer as
the working relationship isn't as closely monitored and employees are allowed a degree of autonomy
to get on with their work. Staff will also be happier developing a home working routine that suits
them better and this can contribute towards them feeling more motivated to give their best.
• Improved staff health and wellbeing - working from home eliminates the need for a commute to
work that can be stressful to your employees. Time savings such as this also enables staff to get extra

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 health benefits such as additional sleep, spending more time with family, exercising or preparing
healthier meals.
• Financial benefits - savings on office space, office supplies, utility bills and other facilities. Staff
may also be able to take advantage of the tax relief available from HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC)
for working from home.
• Convenience - you may have staff that do a lot of visits to customer locations and are therefore not
regularly in the office. Allowing them to base themselves from home may be more convenient and
leads to further time and costs savings.
• Better work/life balance - working from home can help employees improve their work-life balance
eg staff that would have had to commute will now be able to use that time for themselves giving the
basis for a better work-life balance. Staff are also able to fit in household chores around their working
day giving them more free time in the evenings eg loading or unloading the dishwasher or preparing
dinner on their lunch break.
• Technology makes it easier - the internet has made it possible for staff to be continually connected
to the office. Tools such as Skype have made communication between colleagues and teams much
easier and at times can lead to more efficient and effective meetings.
• Less sickness absences – staff are more likely to feel happier and more energized working from
home and therefore less chance of their immune system being negatively impacted by burnout. Also
the fact that employees are working in isolation there is less chance of infections spreading as would
be the case within an office environment.
• Less need for regular holidays - working from home can feel like a break from the office even
though staff are still working. Working from home staff will feel more energized and will be able to
spend more time with their family and therefore will not feel the need to take as much leave. However
it is your duty as an employer to ensure staff take their holidays. Disadvantages of employees
working from home. Though there are some disadvantages to employees working at home, most of
these relate to those working from home for all, as opposed to part, of their working week:

A shift towards home working doesn't mean employees have to work only at home. Often splitting
time between home and the workplace is the most productive solution and you may want the home
worker to attend meetings to keep them fully involved and informed.

Chapter 5. Conclusion, Summary and recommendation

5.1 Conclusion: Working from home is a lot more comfortable for lots of people. Employees can
save a great deal of time and money since they do not have to travel so often, which means people
will have more time for work and for themselves, too. Less travelling will also help reduce traffic jam
and pollutants to our environment.

5.2 Summary: The pandemic may have been the catalyst for remote work for many millions of
employees around the world, it’s far from the only reason to work from home. Indeed, the benefits of
working from home impact so many things on a global scale that it’s sure to become the best path
forward.

5.3 Recommendation: Though the pandemic may have been the catalyst for remote work for many
millions of employees around the world, it’s far from the only reason to work from home. Indeed, the
benefits of working from home impact so many things on a global scale that it’s sure to become
the best path forward.

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