1st TERM REVISION

SS2
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• Biostatistics.
• Roles of WBC – lymphocyte, phagocytes.
• Functions of arteries veins and capillaries.
• Effect of – lungs, liver, kidney, small intestine on the
blood.
• Cellular components of the blood.
• Name of arteries supplying the lungs and liver –
pulmonary and hepatic respectively.
• Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
• Effect of chamber contraction on heart valves.
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• Digestion
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Digestion
• Oral phase – salivary gland – amylase.
Converts starch to maltose
• Gastric phase – gastric glands- pepsin and
renin – concerts protein to polypeptides.
• Intestinal phase –pancreas produce – lipase,
peptidase, amylase, maltase, trypsin
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Enzymes
• The optimum (best) temperature for enzyme-
controlled reactions is 370C (body temperature).
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• Effect of photosynthesis and respiration on
CO2, O2 levels.
Will the school compound be better for us to live
without all the flower gardens?
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• Diffusion: is the movement of molecules from a
region of higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration down a concentration gradient.
• Osmosis: is the movement of water from a region
of higher water potential to a region of lower water
potential through a partially permeable membrane
• Active transport: involves the movement of
molecules of a substance across a plasma
membrane against their concentration gradients.
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Factors that affect the rates of diffusion include:
1. molecular size
2. temperature
3. State of matter
4. diffusion distance and
5. concentration gradient.
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The
cytoplasm and the cell
membrane are pulled
away from the cell wall
and the cell becomes
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• This is a solution of
higher water potential.
• Water enters by osmosis
• The cytoplasm pushes
hard against the cell wall.
• The cell becomes turgid
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• When Erythrocytes are
immersed in a hypotonic
solution, they take in
water, swell up and
burst.
• This is called haemolysis
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• Blood clotting steps.
Whenever there is a wound, the platelets produce
thrombokinase.
Thrombokinase then converts inactive
prothrombin into active thrombin.
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the
presence of calcium ions
Fibrin forms a mesh at the wound and traps RBC
and WBC which forms a clot.
REVISION
REVISION
 REVISION
• Biostatistics.
• Roles of WBC – lymphocyte, phagocytes.
• Functions of arteries, veins and capillaries.
• Effect of – lungs, liver, kidney, small intestine on
the blood.
• Cellular components of the blood.
• Name of arteries supplying the lungs and liver –
pulmonary and hepatic respectively.
• Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
• Effect of chamber contraction on heart valves.