Destination Management & Marketing Prelim Examination

A R E L L A N O U N I V E R S I T Y – Jose Rizal Campus
SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT

Gov. Pascual Ave. Malabon City, Metro Manila
Destination Management & Marketing

Prelim Examination
Sherine Pelaez
BSTM- 4th Year
Deeply discuss the following in 350 words:
1. Discuss the significance and relationship of the following to destination

management and marketing.
 Planning and infrastructure
 Tourism development planning enables a range of benefits to all
stakeholders involved, for example: It increases income and jobs
from tourist spending. It helps preserve cultural and natural
heritage for tourists. It increases understanding of other
cultures.
 Human resources development
 To achieve good performance from employees and of
organization as a whole the importance of higher level of skills
and competencies is realized. Human resource development
process contributes to achieve good performance from
employees and of organization as a whole and helps to increase
value of share of shareholders.
 Product development
 By creating a tourism product provides better positioning and
visibility in tourism market, but the contribution is visible in
improving quality of life in a way that when improving the image
of the place, and also improves quality.
 Technology and systems development
 Technology has the great advantage that it allows tourism
industries to replace expensive human labor with technological
labor, thus not only reducing labor costs but also avoiding
issues of customer service. Yet technology may produce a whole
new set of unintended consequences.
 Related industries and procurement
 Procurement can contribute to marketing by; managing the
marketing spend in better ways with just not seeing the cost
side , but at the same time measuring the value and creative
side of agencies. This all can be possible only if the marketer
has confidence & trust in procurement.
 Customer relationship management
 CRM helps businesses build a relationship with their customers
that, in turn, creates loyalty and customer retention. Any
company will benefit from maintaining a record of which
conversations, purchases and marketing material can be
associated with leads and customers.
2. Destination Management Organization
 Destination management refers to a holistic approach, where
many aspects of a destination are managed via a coordinated
process. It can include managing marketing, local
accommodation, tours, events, activities, attractions and
transportation, and is often the responsibility of a dedicated
destination management organization.
The aim is to ensure tourism has a net positive effect on the
destination, and this means maximizing the benefits through
optimization of both supply and demand. A destination
management organization will typically be membership-based,
with members including government figures, local businesses
and others in the travel industry.
A destination marketing organization is similar to a destination
management organization and the two terms are sometimes
used interchangeably. However, in the case of a destination
marketing organization, the focus is on promoting a destination,
in order to make it more attractive to tourists, businesses and
other potential travelers.
A DMO may use a wide range of marketing techniques,
including display advertising, content marketing, social media
promotion, offline advertising and experiential marketing.
3. Discuss the summary on how does destination management work

 A destination marketing organization, or DMO, can help to add
value to your destination by coming up with a comprehensive
promotional strategy. Individual stakeholders within the local
tourism industry, such as hotels, travel companies and other
businesses, can all then contribute to this strategy, in order to
attract more travelers.
For a destination management organization actually looking to
execute a management plan, it is best to break the strategy
down into four main steps, which can broadly be described as:
place, people, product and process.
When thinking about place, it is important to clearly define the
destination and understand why managing it holistically is
beneficial. Meanwhile, in terms of people, you need to be clear
on who is most likely to visit the destination and what their
main motivations are. You should also know who your key
destination management partners are.
The product refers to what your destination actually has to offer
travelers and businesses looking to move into the area. A
destination management organization will typically consider
aspects like the overall travel experience, as well as specifics
like accommodation options, attractions and local facilities.
4. Destination management plan

 Tourism can and will evolve with or without planning, however
the sustainability of a destination depends on whether the type
and scale of tourism is best suited to the destination. Effective
destination management relies on an iterative and continual
planning process that integrates tourism into a community’s
social, economic and environmental aspirations.
5. Butler’s (1980) tourist area life cycle

 Butler's (1980) Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) is a widely used
model to study the evolution of a particular tourism destination.
The model suggests that a tourism area evolves through six
predictable different stages, namely, exploration, involvement,
development, consolidation, stagnation and decline or
rejuvenation.
Arian Cagayan
1. means a plan showing existing and proposed major infrastructure

facilities like circulation network including ring radial/grid roads
connecting all the settlements, transport, power, water supply, natural
drainage, sewerage system, solid. provide services and support that are
basic to the functioning of a community, organization, or society and
crucial to its economic productivity. are key to managing population
growth and meeting current and future environmental challenges.
provide a platform for economic development, social cohesion and
stability.
- is the integrated use of training, organization, and career development efforts

to improve individual, group, and organizational effectiveness. HRD develops
the key competencies that enable individuals in organizations to perform
current and future jobs through planned learning activities. The role of human
resource development is to support organizational goals. The cost and time
associated with development and training of employees are only worth it if it
directly helps the employees achieve increased performance, resulting in
increased performance for the organization.
- is the process of defining, designing, testing and implementing a new software

application or program. It can include the internal development of customized
systems, the creation of database systems or the acquisition of third party
developed software. Aims to produce high quality systems that meet or exceed
customer expectations, based on customer requirements, by delivering systems
which move through each clearly defined phase, within scheduled time
-frames and cost estimates. Agile methodologies, such as Scrum, focus on

lightweight processes which allow for rapid changes along the development.
eLink Design adheres to important phases that are essential for our developers
such as planning, analysis, design and implementation. Our processes are
designed to ensure end-state solutions meet user requirements in support of
business strategic goals and objectives.
- process of purchasing goods or services and is usually in reference to
business spending. Business procurement requires preparation, solicitation,
and payment processing, which usually involves several areas of a company.is
a systematic process within the supply chain in which business leaders
approach spending analytically. It is often considered a key component of a
company's overall corporate strategy as it aligns the company's overall
objectives with their short- and long-term goals.
- is a technology for managing all your company's relationships and

interactions with customers and potential customers. The goal is simple:
Improve business relationships. A CRM system helps companies stay
connected to customers, streamline processes, and improve profitability. helps
businesses to gain an insight into the behaviour of their customers and modify
their business operations to ensure that customers are served in the best
possible way.
2. A destination marketing organization is an organisation which promotes

a location as an attractive travel destination. DMOs are known as tourist
boards, tourism authorities or "Convention and Visitors Bureaux". They
primarily exist to provide information to leisure travellers. a broad
management process, based around ensuring tourism is beneficial for a
particular destination. It is usually the responsibility of a destination
management organisation, or DMO for short. Some destinations don't
have extensive meeting and event facilities or it isn't a big focus for the
local tourism office, even if a decent amount of space is available.
3. defines a process that involves coordinated actions aimed to control the

economic, socio-cultural and environmental dimensions of a specific
tourism territory. It should be carried out by local authorities and other
tourism stakeholders in partnership, following principles of good
governance. It is central to the delivery of sustainable tourism as it
allows a territorial approach to the multi-sector, multi-stakeholder,
multi-thematic matrix of challenges and opportunities facing tourism
development. It is also central to sustainable tourism implementation as
actions taken within destinations at local and regional level are best able
to influence the tourism impacts.
4. is a business plan for building and managing the visitor economy for
your destination. This document captures and presents the information,
learnings and actions identified through your Destination Management
processes. It allows you to share this information with your stakeholders
so that they can use it as a guide to manage and invest in the
Destination. Both the State and Federal Governments have identified a
well-developed DMP as a key requirement for accessing future
investment. The plan should support the work being proposed. This
assures the government know that their investment is being used
appropriately on projects that are well researched and for which there is
an agreed need.
5. Butler’s (1980) Tourism Area Life Cycle is a widely used model to study
the evolution of a particular tourism destination. The model suggests
that a tourism area evolves through six predictable different stages,
namely, exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation
and decline or rejuvenation. In each stage of the life cycle, the
destination undergoes a series of changes defined by the author. The
purpose of this study is to apply the TALC model to the tourism
destination Hammamet (Tunisia), in order to determine the current stage
of development of the latter. A case study research design has been
adopted and the application of the model has been essentially based on
secondary data. Interviews have been conducted to verify the results of
the analysis. It is found that the destination Hammamet is in a post-
stagnation phase and that considerable efforts and viable strategies are
required to avoid long-term decline.
Ranah Padilla

• Planning and infrastructure
provide services and support that are basic to the functioning of a community,
organization, or society and crucial to its economic productivity. are key to
managing population growth and meeting current and future environmental
challenges. provide a platform for economic development, social cohesion and
stability.
• Human resources development
The role of human resource development is to support organizational goals.

The cost and time associated with development and training of employees are
only worth it if it directly helps the employees achieve increased performance,
resulting in increased performance for the organization.
• Product development
Product development, also called new product management, is a series of steps

that includes the conceptualization, design, development and marketing of
newly created or newly rebranded goods or services.
• Technology and systems development
Systems development is the process of defining, designing, testing, and

implementing a new software application or program. It could include the
internal development of customized systems, the creation of database systems,
or the acquisition of third party developed software. Written standards and
procedures must guide all information systems processing functions. The
organization’s management must define and implement standards and adopt
an appropriate system development life cycle methodology governing the
process of developing, acquiring, implementing, and maintaining computerized
information systems and related technology.
• Related industries and procurement
Related Industries means the welding joining and cutting industry including
the manufacture and sale of welding and cutting equipment and related
consumable other metal joining equipment and consumables, industrial gasses
and gas apparatus gases and robitica for welding applicants services for
industrial fabrication generally and the engineered adhesives and industrial
fastener industries
• Customer relationship management
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a technology for managing all

your company's relationships and interactions with customers and potential
customers. The goal is simple: Improve business relationships. A CRM system
helps companies stay connected to customers, streamline processes, and
improve profitability
Tasks
Marketing, promotion, publicity
Administration of a Destination
Management System
Providing business support and advice Developing new tourism products and
packages
Fostering a partnership approach to destination management
DMOs are often referred to as DMPs (partnerships), reflecting the partnerships

of various stakeholders
•DMO is often referred to as a Destination Marketing Organization
•Functions: external focus, environmental protection, supply management,
community welfare
- Integrate the action of separate organizations

- Confirm and strengthen the link between strategy and action
- Apply the DMO knowledge and expertise to the project planning of the other
organizations
- Foster evidence-based and learning approach to destination promotion and
management

Divina Menterola
1. Planning and infrastructure

- Infrastructure makes our daily lives possible in the manner to which
we’ve grown accustomed and we don’t give it much thought. It’s only
when there’s a problem, something stops working, we outgrow current
capabilities, or repairs are required that people take notice of the water
treatment facilities, sewer lines, roads, utility grids, bridges, and railways
that underwrite our daily lives. Infrastructure acts as your city’s silent
partner. It makes our daily lives possible in the manner to which we’ve
grown accustomed – running water, flushing toilets, electricity when we
flip our light switches - and we don’t give it much thought. It’s only when
there’s a problem, something stops working, we outgrow current
capabilities, or repairs are required that people take notice of the water
treatment facilities, sewer lines, roads, utility grids, bridges, and railways
that underwrite our daily lives. Proper and consistent infrastructure
planning and management is vitally important, and well thought out
asset management is crucial to the daily lives of millions of people.
Navigating the planning approval system is not straightforward, however,
which is why WSP employs experts who live where they work and know
the fabric of the city that they work to sustain and improve. We have a
relevant and long-standing track record of successfully delivering
preeminent and internationally significant infrastructure projects,
alongside a portfolio of local, community-based initiatives. The depth and
breadth of our technical understanding enables us to secure successful
outcomes for our clients by integrating environmental, engineering,
economic, political, and social factors directly into our process, ensuring
results that work for tomorrow as well as they do today. We understand
the variable routes to gain the necessary stakeholder support across all
sectors, from development and highways, to rail and energy. We advise
on infrastructure risks and solutions supported by clear technical
justification to best determine the viability of schemes and to progress
discussions with planning authorities. Our aim is to find the most
sustainable infrastructure engineering solution for your project, while
keeping down costs, managing cash flow, and meeting your program’s
timeline.
Human resources development

- Human resource development includes training an individual after
he/she is first hired, providing opportunities to learn new skills,
distributing resources that are beneficial for the employee’s tasks, and
any other developmental activities.
This set of processes within the HR department is critical to employee
on-boarding and retention. Without proper training, employees can not
succeed. Without learning and development of personal and professional
skills, employees grow stale and stagnant.
Human resource development is the integrated use of training,
organization, and career development efforts to improve individual,
group, and organizational effectiveness. HRD develops the key
competencies that enable individuals in organizations to perform current
and future jobs through planned learning activities. Groups within
organizations use HRD to initiate and manage change. Also, HRD
ensures a match between individual and organizational needs. Human
Resource Development (HRD) has become a widely used term in the last
half-century, but conceptions of the term vary widely. The broad notion
of HRD, which is a subset of the grand theory of human development,
includes not only education and vocational training, but also health,
nutrition and access to sources of a degree of self-determination. Within
the business and management literature, the focus of HRD is on the
narrower objective of attaining or upgrading the skills and attitudes of
employees at all levels in order to maximize the effectiveness of the
enterprise. HRD is "the process of increasing the knowledge, the skills,
and the capacities of all the people in a society. In economic terms, it
could be described as the accumulation of human capital and its
effective investment in the development of an economy. In political terms,
human resource development prepares people for adult participation in
political processes, particularly as citizens in a democracy. From the
social and cultural points of view, the development of human resources
helps people to lead fuller and richer lives, less bound by tradition. In
short, the processes of human resource development unlock the door to
modernization.
Product development
- Product development, also called new product management, is a series
of steps that includes the conceptualization, design, development and
marketing of newly created or newly rebranded goods or services. The
objective of product development is to cultivate, maintain and increase a
company's market share by satisfying a consumer demand. Not every
product will appeal to every customer or client base, so defining the
target market for a product is a critical component that must take place
early in the product development process. Quantitative market research
should be conducted at all phases of the design process, including before
the product or service is conceived, while the product is being designed
and after the product has been launched. Although product development
is creative, the discipline requires a systematic approach to guide the
processes that are required to get a new product to market.
Organizations such as the Product Development and Management
Association (PDMA) and the Product Development Institute (PDI) provide
guidance about selecting the best development framework for a new
product or service. A framework helps structure the actual product
development. Some frameworks, like the fuzzy front end (FFE) approach,
define what steps should be followed, but leave it up to the team to
decide which order makes most sense for the specific product that is
being developed. Other frameworks, like design thinking, have iterative
steps that are designed to be followed in a particular order to promote
creativity and collaboration. Product development, also called new
product management, is a series of steps that includes the
conceptualization, design, development and marketing of newly created
or newly rebranded goods or services.
Technology and systems development

- Systems development is the process of defining, designing, testing and
implementing a new software application or program. It can include the
internal development of customized systems, the creation of database
systems or the acquisition of third party developed software. Systems
development is the process of defining, designing, testing and
implementing a new software application or program. It can include the
internal development of customized systems, the creation of database
systems or the acquisition of third party developed software. eLink
Design aims to produce high quality systems that meet or exceed
customer expectations, based on customer requirements, by delivering
systems which move through each clearly defined phase, within
scheduled time-frames and cost estimates. Agile methodologies, such as
Scrum, focus on lightweight processes which allow for rapid changes
along the development. E Link Design adheres to important phases that
are essential for our developers such as planning, analysis, design and
implementation. Our processes are designed to ensure end-state
solutions meet user requirements in support of business strategic goals
and objectives. Scrum is an agile way to manage software development
that comes under the broader umbrella of agile project management.
Agile software development with Scrum is a framework for managing a
process, which embraces iterative and incremental practices. It has a
simple implementation that is designed to increase productivity and
reduce the time it takes to benefit from a software/product development.
In the agile Scrum world, the software development team knows how
best to solve the systems development problem they are presented.
Related industries and procurement

- Procurement professionals in the industrial and manufacturing sector
are faced with the need to forecast sourcing expenditures for the long-
term, in addition to sourcing commodities and raw material ingredients
from several different suppliers across the world. As energy costs and
prices in manufacturing procurement grow increasingly volatile, it
becomes more challenging to forecast the procurement budget for any
commodity. Spend Edge brings together a team of experienced category
and commodity experts who combine industrial expertise with advanced
tools in procurement in manufacturing industry and procurement
intelligence. With this team, we help businesses identify opportunities to
reduce their supplier management costs and make better purchasing
decisions. With several end-user segments and the availability of
suppliers across various geographies, industrial equipment
manufacturers have a number of opportunities to increase their profit
margins and achieve improved cost savings through optimized
procurement in manufacturing industry. However, with industries
increasingly adopting the trend to automate their processes and sourcing
intelligence, procurement professionals in the manufacturing industry
are frequently faced with purchase requests for new equipment to meet
consumer demand and differentiate products from competition.
Identifying key pricing elements and the pricing model followed by
various suppliers, Spend Edge’s procurement market intelligence experts
offer pricing & procurement market intelligence solutions that will help
business manage procurement risks across various business units.
Customer relationship management

- Customer relationship management (CRM) is a process in which a
business or other organization administers its interactions with
customers, typically using data analysis to study large amounts of
information. CRM systems compile data from a range of different
communication channels, including a company's website, telephone,
email, live chat, marketing materials and more recently, social media.
They allow businesses to learn more about their target audiences and
how to best cater for their needs, thus retaining customers and driving
sales growth. CRM may be used with past, present or potential
customers. The concepts, procedures, and rules that a corporation
follows when communicating with its consumers are referred to as
customer relationship management (CRM). This complete connection
covers direct contact with customers, such as sales and service-related
operations, forecasting, and the analysis of consumer patterns and
behaviors, from the perspective of the company.

- A destination marketing organization (DMO) is an organisation which
promotes a location as an attractive travel destination. DMOs are known
as tourist boards, tourism authorities or "Convention and Visitors
Bureaux".[1] They primarily exist to provide information to leisure
travellers. Additionally, where a suitable infrastructure exists, they
encourage event organisers to choose their location for meetings,
incentives, conferences, and exhibitions, collectively abbreviated as
MICE. DMOs are generally tied to the local government infrastructure,
often with supporting funds being generated by specific taxes, such as
hotel taxes, membership fees, and sometimes government subsidies.
However, in many cases, the observed decline in tourism following
cutbacks to public-sector expenditures has motivated the tourism
industry to create a private sector coalition in order to provide the
functions of a DMO. Destination management is a broad management
process, based around ensuring tourism is beneficial for a particular
destination. It is usually the responsibility of a destination management
organisation, or DMO for short. Over the course of this article, you will
find out more about what a destination management organisation
actually is. Destination management refers to a holistic approach, where
many aspects of a destination are managed via a coordinated process. It
can include managing marketing, local accommodation, tours, events,
activities, attractions and transportation, and is often the responsibility
of a dedicated destination management organisation. The aim is to
ensure tourism has a net positive effect on the destination, and this
means maximising the benefits through optimisation of both supply and
demand. A destination management organisation will typically be
membership-based, with members including government figures, local
businesses and others in the travel industry.

- Destination management is a coordinated process, where almost all
aspects of a destination are managed, including marketing efforts, local
resources, accommodation, activities, events, environmental concerns,
tourist attractions and transportation. It is usually the responsibility of a
destination management company (DMC). They adopt a holistic approach
to managing tourism for their destination and may offer additional
services, like training. Destination management companies tend to be
membership-based and their members and stakeholders may include
governments, community leaders, local businesses, charities and others
involved with travel and tourism. Generally speaking, tourism can be
extremely beneficial for an area or destination, bringing more money into
the local economy, helping to attract investment from businesses and
allowing existing businesses in the area to thrive. It can help to enrich
and revitalise villages, towns, cities, resorts, regions and countries. With
that being said, tourism can potentially bring downsides too, such as
damage to landscapes, extra pollution, more use of resources and traffic
congestion. Tourism management is, therefore, essential, weighing up
pros and cons, looking out for businesses and local residents, protecting
the environment and balancing supply and demand. Put simply,
destination management involves taking the necessary steps to ensure
tourism adds value to a destination.
- Great destinations are great places to live and work as well as to visit. If
they are well managed, they are more likely to generate `wise growth' in
their visitor economy, maximising the benefits of that growth in long
term, additional income and jobs. The best-managed destinations can
also attract new investment, keep value-added jobs, bring in new talent
and stimulate innovation. maximising the benefits of that growth in long
term, additional income and jobs. The best-managed destinations can
also attract new investment, keep value-added jobs, bring in new talent
and stimulate innovation. Because every destination has different
challenges, opportunities and stakeholders to work with, there can be no
one size fits all for destination management. Creating a strategic vision
and joint plan, or Destination Management Plan (DMP), can help unite
organisations, acting as a shared statement of intent to manage, develop
and promote a destination over a specific period of time. A DMP identifies
the roles of the different stakeholders, sets out clear actions and
allocates resources. Destination Management (DM) planning can apply to
a macro-area (e.g. South Island), region (e.g. Taupō Region), district (e.g.
Clutha District) or specific location (e.g. Milford Sound). All of these
layers are relevant in the context of the destination and stakeholder
needs. Stakeholders will determine what constitutes a ‘destination’,
depending on who is leading/facilitating the development of a DM plan,
the way visitors experience the place, clusters of activity and
communities of interest. Also relevant is the resources and structures
supporting the destination, such as RTOs, EDAs and local government
authorities.

- Butler’s (1980) Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) is a widely used
model to study the evolution of a particular tourism destination. The
model suggests that a tourism area evolves through six predictable
different stages, namely, exploration, involvement, development,
consolidation, stagnation and decline or rejuvenation. In each stage of
the life cycle, the destination undergoes a series of changes defined by
the author. The purpose of this study is to apply the TALC model to
the tourism destination Hammamet (Tunisia), in order to determine
the current stage of development of the latter. A case study research
design has been adopted and the application of the model has been
essentially based on secondary data. Interviews have been conducted
to verify the results of the analysis. It is found that the destination
Hammamet is in a post-stagnation phase and that considerable
efforts and viable strategies are required to avoid long-term decline.
Aivie Marte

Infrastructure has no single definition. A broader definition is the resources
required for a society and its economy to function. Infrastructure planning
primarily relates to new infrastructure creation but also phasing out of
deficient and outdated infrastructure when it is cost-effective. The purpose of
infrastructure is to support the desired regional growth. Ideally land use
planning sets the strategic direction and land use intent and the infrastructure
planning helps implement regional growth.
Human resources management involves all management decisions and actions
that affect the relationship between the organization and its employees – in
other words, its human resources. HRM refers to the management of all
decisions within an organization that are related to people. The core purpose of
the human resource function is to recruit and retain employees who believe in
the company's mission. Obviously this is the fundamental key of marketing
success. When finally integrated, the department's role is a mere recruitment
or of employee incentive programs.
By creating a tourism product provides better positioning and visibility in
tourism market, but the contribution is visible in improving quality of life in a
way that when improving the image of the place, and also improves quality.
The study defines Tourism Product Development as: Defining Tourism Product.
Development. The Process by which the resources of a destination are shaped
to meet the requirements of international and domestic customers.
The most important way technology affects visitor numbers is through its
possibilities to change and develop destination image. In this regard, social
media is the key to success. Every contact between a tourist and a destination
affects destination image, both affective as well as cognitive imageTechnology
plays a very important role in making tourism flourish. Technology has helped
to replace costly human labor with technical labor in the tourism and
hospitality industries. It helps to minimize labor costs but also helps to prevent
issues with customer service
Generally speaking, tourism can be extremely beneficial for an area or
destination, bringing more money into the local economy, helping to attract
investment from businesses and allowing existing businesses in the area to
thrive.
Relationship marketing is implemented as a strategy and includes activities
such as identifying long-term sales and retention goals, public relations,
marketing and advertising campaigns. The use of customer relationship
management includes the operational tasks that support the relationship
marketing strategy.
A Destination Management Organization (DMO) is an organization whose
primary function is to attract visitors for the purpose of enhancing the local
economy through purchase of room nights, food and beverage, retail items,
transportation or visitor services.

Destination management defines a process that involves coordinated actions
aimed to control the economic, socio-cultural and environmental dimensions of
a specific tourism territory. It should be carried out by local authorities and
other tourism stakeholders in partnership, following principles of good
governance. Destination management is the coordinated management of all
elements that make up a destination, including the attractions, amenities,
access, marketing and pricing. Solimar assists destinations take a strategic
approach to linking these sometimes very separate entities for the better
management of a destination.
A Destination Management Plan (DMP) is a business plan for building and
managing the visitor economy for your destination. This document captures
and presents the information, learnings and actions identified through your
Destination Management processes
Tourism Life cycle model. Butler proposed that most tourist resorts go through
a six stage model and he called this the tourism life cycle model. It states that
most tourist resorts start on a very small scale and get bigger and bigger until
stagnation occurs.
Arabelle Lucero

- Provide services and support that are basic to the functioning of a
community, organization, or society and crucial to its economic productivity.
are key to managing population growth and meeting current and future
environmental challenges. provide a platform for economic development, social
cohesion and stability.
- Human resource development is the integrated use of training,
organization, and career development efforts to improve individual, group, and
organizational effectiveness. HRD develops the key competencies that enable
individuals in organizations to perform current and future jobs through
planned learning activitiesThe role of human resource development is to
support organizational goals. The cost and time associated with development
and training of employees are only worth it if it directly helps the employees
achieve increased performance, resulting in increased performance for the
organization.
- Tourism product development is the result of collaborative efforts of
various stakeholders. It involves identifying all the stakeholders in private and
public sectors, DMOs, Tourism and allied businesses, and their respective roles
in creating or developing a part of a tourism product. Technology and systems
development. By creating a tourism product provides better positioning and
visibility in tourism market, but the contribution is visible in improving quality
of life in a way that when improving the image of the place, and also improves
quality.
- Procurement professionals in the industrial and manufacturing sector
are faced with the need to forecast sourcing expenditures for the long-term, in
addition to sourcing commodities and raw material ingredients from several
different suppliers across the world. As energy costs and prices in
manufacturing procurement grow increasingly volatile, it becomes more
challenging to forecast the procurement budget for any commodity. SpendEdge
brings together a team of experienced category and commodity experts who
combine industrial expertise with advanced tools in procurement in
manufacturing industry and procurement intelligence. With this team, we help
businesses identify opportunities to reduce their supplier management costs
and make better purchasing decisions.
- Customer relationship management (CRM) is a technology for managing
all your company's relationships and interactions with customers and potential
improve profitability. Customer relationship management is a process in which
a business or other organization administers its interactions with customers,
typically using data analysis to study large amounts of information.

- A Destination Management Organization (DMO) is an organization whose
transportation or visitor services A destination marketing organization is an
organisation which promotes a location as an attractive travel destination.
DMOs are known as tourist boards, tourism authorities or "Convention and
Visitors Bureaux". They primarily exist to provide information to leisure
travellers.

- Destination management defines a process that involves coordinated
actions aimed to control the economic, socio-cultural and environmental
dimensions of a specific tourism territory. It should be carried out by local
authorities and other tourism stakeholders in partnership, following principles
of good governance.

- A Destination Management Plan (DMP) is a business plan for building
and managing the visitor economy for your destination. This document
captures and presents the information, learnings and actions identified
through your Destination Management processes Both the State and Federal
Governments have identified a well-developed DMP as a key requirement for
accessing future investment. The plan should support the work being
proposed. This assures the government know that their investment is being
used appropriately on projects that are well researched and for which there is
an agreed need.

- Butler's (1980) Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) is a widely used model to
study the evolution of a particular tourism destination. The model suggests
that a tourism area evolves through six predictable different stages, namely,
exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation and decline
or rejuvenation. Tourism Life cycle model. Butler proposed that most tourist
resorts go through a six stage model and he called this the tourism life cycle
model. It states that most tourist resorts start on a very small scale and get
bigger and bigger until stagnation occurs
Jennifer Sumande

Infrastructure makes our daily lives possible in the manner to which we’ve
grown accustomed and we don’t give it much thought. It’s only when there’s a
problem, something stops working, we outgrow current capabilities, or repairs
are required that people take notice of the water treatment facilities, sewer
lines, roads, utility grids, bridges, and railways that underwrite our daily lives.
Infrastructure acts as your city’s silent partner. It makes our daily lives
possible in the manner to which we’ve grown accustomed – running water,
flushing toilets, electricity when we flip our light switches - and we don’t give it
much thought. It’s only when there’s a problem, something stops working, we
outgrow current capabilities, or repairs are required that people take notice of
the water treatment facilities, sewer lines, roads, utility grids, bridges, and
railways that underwrite our daily lives.
Human resource development is the integrated use of training, organization,
and career development efforts to improve individual, group, and organizational
effectiveness. HRD develops the key competencies that enable individuals in
organizations to perform current and future jobs through planned learning
activities.
newly created or newly rebranded goods or services.
Procurement is the process of purchasing goods or services and is usually in

reference to business spending. Business procurement requires preparation,
solicitation, and payment processing, which usually involves several areas of a
company.
improve profitability.
A Destination Management Organization (DMO) is an organization whose
transportation or visitor services.

Destination management is the coordinated management of all elements that
make up a destination, including the attractions, amenities, access, marketing
and pricing. Solimar assists destinations take a strategic approach to linking
these sometimes very separate entities for the better management of a
destination.

A Destination Management Plan (DMP) is a business plan for building and
managing the visitor economy for your destination. This document captures
and presents the information, learnings and actions identified through your
Destination Management processes.

Butler's (1980) Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) is a widely used model to study
the evolution of a particular tourism destination. The model suggests that a
tourism area evolves through six predictable different stages, namely,
exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation and decline
or rejuvenation.
Aila Samonte
When we say planning it is a dynamic processing of determining goals,

systematically selecting alternative courses of actions to achieve those goals,
implementing the chosen alternatives, and evaluating the choice to determine if
it is successful. While Tourism infrastructure includes ancillary and
complementary facilities, equipment, systems, processes, and resources
necessary for the functioning of every tourist destination. This primarily
includes roads, railways, airports, and the like, which make a tourist
destination accessible for tourists. Human Resource Development (HRD) is the
framework for helping employees develops their personal and organizational
skills, knowledge, and abilities. Human Resource Development can be formal
such as in classroom training, a college course, or an organizational planned
change effort. Tourism product development means bringing new and
innovative products, experiences, and services to the market for tourists to
buy. Product development can take many forms. Product development could
mean developing a product or experience that is already being offered in the
area but is new to your business. New technologies have the potential to
enhance and challenge sectors of the tourism industry, changing the way
operators target travelers, disrupting existing service offerings and forcing a re-
imagining of the visitor experience and the end-to-end visitor journey.
Related industries and procurement there are six major components of
tourism, each with their own sub-components. These are: tourist boards, travel
services, accommodation services, conferences and events, attractions and
tourism services. Below, I will explain what each of the components offer to the
tourism industry and provide some relevant examples.
The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is one of the most critical
business processes being adopted by the tourism industry which leads to
augment perceived service quality of the tourists leading to the elevation in
satisfaction level and subsequent re-patronization of destination as well as the
service provider. Destination Management Organization (DMO) they are the one
who is responsible to promote destination. Destination management calls
coalition of many organizations and interests working towards a common goal
the best example is the development of tourism. They are also responsible to
lead and coordinate activities under a sound strategy. The DMO do not control
the activities of their partners but bring together resources and expertise and a
degree of independence and objectivity to lead the way forward.
The Destination Management works to the involvement of public and private
sections stakeholders for destination management:
National (MOCTA, NTB)
Economic development agencies
Local authorities/government (DDC, Municipality, VDC)
Town center management organizations.
National Park/ Protected Areas authorities.
Transport Companies
Events Organizers
Cultural Organizations
Accommodation providers (hotel, motel, resort etc.)
Restaurant, leisure and retail operators.
Intermediaries (for example tour operators and conference organizers)
Media
Local tourism associations and partnerships (local tourism development
committee)
Representative Agencies (NATTA, HAN, REBAN, TURGAN etc.)
Skill development organizations.
Butler’s (1980) Tourist it is about the evolution and life cycle of a tourism
resort and consists of six stages. However, in the sixth stage Butler identifies a
range of five possible scenarios that fit between complete rejuvenation and total
decline. Based on primary tourist attractions, these maybe natural or cultural.
Area Life Cycle

Jubelle Faraon

Infrastructure planning involves the provision of physical facilities and their

operation and management. It is obvious that the physical infrastructure is
critical to our existence and quality of life, and that an adequate infrastructure
is crucial to the economic development of a region.

Marketing and HR share similar objectives targeted toward different audiences.
Marketing is accountable for the branding of the company and communicating
it to consumers. HR is responsible for employment branding; ensuring the
organization is perceived properly by internal employees and external
candidates.
newly created or newly rebranded goods or services. The objective of product
development is to cultivate, maintain and increase a company's market share
by satisfying a consumer demand. Not every product will appeal to every
customer or client base, so defining the target market for a product is a critical
component that must take place early in the product development process.
Quantitative market research should be conducted at all phases of the design
process, including before the product or service is conceived, while the product
is being designed and after the product has been launched.
Customer relationship management systems use technology to organize,

synchronize, and automate business practices. CRM systems for marketing
help the enterprise identify and target potential clients and generate leads for
the sales team.

Procurement professionals in the industrial and manufacturing sector are
faced with the need to forecast sourcing expenditures for the long-term, in
addition to sourcing commodities and raw material ingredients from several
different suppliers across the world. As energy costs and prices in
manufacturing procurement grow increasingly.

improve profitability.

Destination management is a broad management process, based around
ensuring tourism is beneficial for a particular destination. It is usually
the responsibility of a destination management organization, or DMO for
short.
The main role of a DMO is fulfilling marketing and promotional tasks,
coordinating long-term destination planning and management, as well as
finding the right balance between competing and challenging
environmental, social and economic goals such as preserving natural
resources,

Destination management defines a process that involves coordinated
actions aimed to control the economic, socio-cultural and environmental
dimensions of a specific tourism territory. It should be carried out by
local authorities and other tourism stakeholders in partnership, following
principles of good governance.

Is a shared statement of intent to manage a destination over a stated
period of time, articulating the roles of the different stakeholders and
identifying clear actions that they will take and the apportionment of
resources, in order for the destination to be successful.
In other words, it is a Strategy and Action Plan for Sustainable Tourism
in a destination.
So why does the Island need such a plan?
Supporting the Island’s visitor economy is not just about promotion but
must cover a whole range of activities aimed at strengthening the quality
of the visitor experience and the performance of businesses.
Our visitors will enjoy a whole set of experiences delivered by many
organizations in the public, private and voluntary sectors. It is essential
that these sectors work together and in doing so achieve a better use and
management of resources.

It states that most tourist resorts start on a very small scale and get
bigger and bigger until stagnation occurs. Within the 6 stages the
following happens;
1) EXPLORATION - a few hardy and adventurous people looking for
something different in a holiday find a place that is special in terms of its
culture, natural beauty, history or landscape. There may be no tourist
services available and local people will not be involved in tourist money
making activities.
2) INVOLVEMENT - local people start to notice that there are increasing
numbers of people coming to their local area. They start businesses to
provide accommodation, food, guides, and transport.
3) DEVELOPMENT - Big companies start to see the emerging potential of
the area as a tourist resort and therefore start to invest money in the
region. They build large hotel complexes and sell package holidays (a
package might include travel, accommodation, food and excursions).
This makes the numbers of tourists swell dramatically and massively
expands the number of job opportunities for people in the local region, in
both tourist related jobs and in construction and services.
4) CONSOLIDATION - The local economy is probably dominated by

tourism at this stage, and many local people will make their money from
this type of industry. However, this can remove people from other
industries such as farming and fishing and these industries can suffer as
a result. There will be continued building and expansion of the resort
BUT some of the older buildings will start to become unattractive and a
lower quality client base might result.
5) STAGNATION - competition from other resorts, rowdiness and a loss of

the original features example (if it had a great beach but that is now
crowded and full of rubbish) can cause the resort to stop growing. The
number of people going levels off then starts to decline, threatening local
businesses and services.
6) DECLINE OR REJUVENATION- From the stagnation point onwards

there are 2 basic possibilities: Decline in various forms or rejuvenation
(regrowth of the resort) Decline can be slow or rapid, and regular visitors
are replaced by people seeking a cheap break or day trippers.
Rejuvenation involves a cash injection from either a private company or
the government, to create a new attraction within the original resort to
boost its popularity - such as the Pleasure Beach at Blackpool.

Destination Management & Marketing Prelim Examination

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A R E L L A N O U N I V E R S I T Y – Jose Rizal Campus

SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT

Destination Management & Marketing

Deeply discuss the following in 350 words:

1. Discuss the significance and relationship of the following to destination

3. Discuss the summary on how does destination management work

4. Destination management plan

5. Butler’s (1980) tourist area life cycle

1. means a plan showing existing and proposed major infrastructure

- is the integrated use of training, organization, and career development efforts

- is the process of defining, designing, testing and implementing a new software

-frames and cost estimates. Agile methodologies, such as Scrum, focus on

- is a technology for managing all your company's relationships and

2. A destination marketing organization is an organisation which promotes

3. defines a process that involves coordinated actions aimed to control the

1. Discuss the significance and relationship of the following to destination

• Planning and infrastructure

• Human resources development

The role of human resource development is to support organizational goals.

Product development, also called new product management, is a series of steps

• Technology and systems development

Systems development is the process of defining, designing, testing, and

• Related industries and procurement

• Customer relationship management

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a technology for managing all

2. Destination Management Organization

3. Discuss the summary on how does destination management work

DMOs are often referred to as DMPs (partnerships), reflecting the partnerships

4. Destination management plan

- Integrate the action of separate organizations

5. Butler’s (1980) tourist area life cycle

1. Planning and infrastructure

Human resources development

Technology and systems development

Related industries and procurement

Customer relationship management

2. Destination Management Organization

1. Discuss the summary on how does destination management work

5. Butler’s (1980) tourist area life cycle

1. Discuss the significance and relationship of the following to destination

3. Discuss the summary on how does destination management work

1. Discuss the significance and relationship of the following to destination

2. Destination Management Organization

3. Discuss the summary on how does destination management work

4. Destination management plan

5. Butler’s (1980) tourist area life cycle

1. Discuss the significance and relationship of the following to destination

Procurement is the process of purchasing goods or services and is usually in

3. Discuss the summary on how does destination management work

4. Destination management plan

5. Butler’s (1980) tourist area life cycle

When we say planning it is a dynamic processing of determining goals,

Area Life Cycle

1. Discuss the significance and relationship of the following to destination

Infrastructure planning involves the provision of physical facilities and their

• Human resources development

• Technology and systems development

Customer relationship management systems use technology to organize,

• Related industries and procurement

• Customer relationship management

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a technology for managing all

2. Destination Management Organization

3. Discuss the summary on how does destination management work