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    19 views59 pages

    Building Construction Project 1 70379058

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    TAYLOR'S Il) UNIVERSITY School of Architecture, Building and Design Bachelor of Science(Hons) in Architecture Building Construction | (BLD60303) Project 1: Experiencing Construction SEOW KOJI TAKEHIRA 0320816 ALISON TANG ING EE 0323705 CHLOE TEH SHU-ERN 0324101 CRYSLYN TAN ZHIALYN 0324249 DANA KAN JIA TORNG 0323648 DANICA GAN JIA-EN 0323708 DARREN TAN YONG TEE 0323398 LIM XIU QING 0323214 Table of Content No. | Section Task Done by: Page No. 4.0 Introduction to Group Member and Detail 3 4.1 Introduction 1 Site 20 | Siteand Safety Danica Gan Jia-En 4-12 21 | Plants and Machinery 3.0 Preliminaries Work Dana Kan Jia Torng 13-21 3.1. |Site Layout, Setting out and Earth Work ete 4.0 | Foundation Darren Tan Yong Tee = 22-27 4.1. | Foundation type and constuction process (from reference) 4.2 | Foundation type and construction process (trom site visit) 5.0 | Suporstructure (rom ste visit and reference) 5.1 | Beam and Column Gyysiyn Tan Zhia Lyn 28-32 52 (Slab ‘Seow Kaji Takahira 33-38 53. Wal & Staircase Chloe Teh Shu-En 39-46 6.0 [Doors and Windows Lim Xiu ing 47-50 70 Root 7.1. | Roo! type and construction process (om site visi) ‘Alison Tang Ing Ee 51-55 7.2 | Roof type and construction process (trom reference) 80 Summary 568 8.1 | Reference 57 1.0 Introduction ‘This is a group projeetuhere our task Ist decide an angohg constuction site “which incudes whal we had leared in the syllabus. We had selected a sit, which is located in Bang south vew oy, under project name as Avens This site coneiderad to be bult with medium to low ise buldings, which are ane ofthe projects by ta ‘ing Group, Wie were required entity diferent type of building elements and its constuction process, elas and materials. In addition, we were io study and record Conseniclon of diferent buldhg elements aa detalles ss pessible, Our group consists of 8 members here each of them are responsble for dierent ‘consntlon process and its elements Grou Members: Seow Ke) Taketira oaz08t6 Lum xu Ging osaazts Cryst Tan hia Lyn omza249 Chbe Teh shu Em oxzsi01 ‘Alison Tang lg En ow23705 Danica Gan Jian 0323708 Daren Tan Yong Tee owzss08 Dana Kay Ja Tome on23648 141.___wmopucrion _to__ sme In a bulding constuction, the sinicure of the bulaing Is aides into wo paris The substructure and the super stuciue. Any part that transmit the Jond ofthe superstueure to the founcaton sot is ealee sub-set ang he patton of the bulding which is above tbe substuctue is called super Srucue, The woight of supersructure is fected bythe foundaten hence the foundation should be stong enough lo sustain the load of the super structure ta) ____Resuisements _ of __Fundation The foundation of substruoire distbutes the load ofthe ulaing evenly on the sollin such a way accortng to the maximum allowable bearing capacity ‘of aol, This i to strengtnen the bulding agains lateral forces caused ave to natural disasters such as tomado, earthquakes. and tsunami It provides ‘rong surface forthe consirucion of proposes struchire, and to provide saley io the siucluwe, preening rom callspsing a to Aim ot ‘suner Stucture ‘Tho ait of prowling super siruduro isto provide support inthe constuction fof building ss designed ty the Arntect and te Engineer teat Supor-stuctu incudes olomonts such columns. boas. stars and wal ‘These are designed to prove strength for canying the desc load and lve load expected to come on aferent parts ofthe structure in a safe and well cdetibuted manne. 1 te Ain ot Sie Inspecion In every construction project, Inspection of ste are required to analyse: - Bohaviour of sll near proposod wall and hcknoss of ayors of sol daposis. + Changes in sail behaviour and in deqin of water Table ~ Docion of flow of wator and is tainage + Movement in sath layer due to any rasson any, SITE AND SAFETY Danica Gan Jia-En 0323708 2.0 Site and Safety 2.0.4 Intraduetion| Neary 6 ritn people wok at spronatly 252.000 cannon ses aos no ‘on evry. The tal ura fr ha eanacton incu hia ha ay ea Fal fomighie 1 Fale ts we prope pesnal trio aunt are = Repetive ration tes 2.0.2 Personal Protectan Equipment (PPE) eet (Chemical or meas dst projection ga and vapour ain, Options Safe seca, goats, ce srcang, ‘eos, wor lo swe me eye protetanchacan hat th ight canbiaton ote wok and he ust aaa Nach Haars moact fom fallag ori ccs sh of hoa bums oy eting tance nme. ‘amici or son, cima orange a0 Options Indus say hanes, bump caps tr ant agama ‘+ Replace head rit fits damaged 2 amt rge nek protean agscave ovum dung wang SY ca all I™ sam ea ee © Pune etearasinnaenetenesie Seno + Seeerians fee nde nme ol og Hands snd Acs ‘eaten vbraton,bolpal agen’ nd rlnges reson in wate optons {Ghves, gloves cu gaits ar shaving hal coms pa ora arm © Avoid ges wen operating machines suchas bonch ils where he wes rch ge cava Note Eaatand Leas Wat hota ct conttons ductor bd up siping atk and pune, arg he's hany leads mes and chomal Spach wehews Safe oatsard stows wih roc necape nd pnciaon estan ecole lagi boot and speciosa 0 out bot an chance 1+ Footwear can have aay of sole pattems ard metal lp prover sana 2.0.3 Site Security — Hoard [A topomry ton! fines ead acd» hing ate opmentne, vada, + een cenaontammospnres cuts. pas ant vapeur (no renaed ery, Sind naar ana rede ust Options -espuion prec equipment RPE) + Some saat ly on Fring comamiants ram worepace a These ‘sled ne lng acpces and aaa td powmraers ‘+ Tree ar aso ses cterecting aspartic wnch ove annaapencent | tara apa yng min OF renrs o workee and Vos athe haz on te suapiy of betta a +The sottyoeofreaseatorRter mst be used as chieetetne eon 8 ‘+ Frwsnava ony mae ta. whece neces 2 nerage of xgon any nga of wang conscauenens due Wo axooaie Wh ove otha tues, ouy use beating appara ~ neve obo afar cig Youn ned use brabing apart n 2 conned space other i chance of an oxygen eaten inte wrk area + Me sue te popany. Wale Sade eo, dient or mata epach say tom pss leaks sy guns cinkintes host rp: o Denton, excess wna etait a cing options Convention or apoeale overs, Ul su, prne, inkl mite charealy ingens snag itty + Donte tr rotecon Ske salty arose oft Wamina Tapes Boric Wy cated te otenweorporaing 8 ane pate of stating etonlact veda spe or he was "Caton’ ot Danger” rere lt) at une to waar etch i atron ofaetrsy of an ara oF auton carta 2.0.4 Site Welfare Equipments Eta t ‘ealectonf supplies and equgrent ats usedta give medal eareri, and canbe bu tomer ba purpose y an acual or ogonzston of puenased empat, im Estinausher 2 porkle daveu na shares jt fmt oar G86, of ar matnaa ex gu a Tatas [odbc be sale and fica, ved and kp ina an ae edly Washing Facies ‘Gonoa ashng cttes uct be sue one aun, apt dean ard cso enw aang anlage croup orpaoae ewan arco, anes ona ams, ‘Sean nat ond cal, x warm, ein water Soap of bar sutabe maa of cea owes oF ae eulbe means of aning ae showers ware tbe rare wot ipa ity or hare rad enkina waar Dent water musi be pide or made avast areas acess ana suitable ove, ‘ape mo equted une fh up in aa or whi eg can doko, ‘Snanging Rooms snd Lockers [Graran coms ara nseaee ware waters Rave 9 War wpa eethng forma urpcoe ‘Te rooms mustoe ced wn sacra. meanaof arin an eng cen and parser erect sou. acs or Rast ations ves amas ace mgt espa wh len antiguas) ‘afc or the nr of persons Bly ee a yore “Thera howl be arangrent fr naa be propane and wt, le are bath 2.0.5 Machinery Safely arts Moning macinery can cause resin any Ways ‘Sharp eoes can cute cts, sb or pune he sn anrough race ‘ars can cause Fiction or abrasion Pooals canbe evened batwaon ig cans ct 2 maine Ko ar, baie na ploy eos. Toy can ees ba cuted by e racine apans! a Wao one ebec. Te pat movtigoastene area can also cause shou Partial tie macho, raters anc emissions rich slano wat) a be tor ec enough to cause bun Seals and wre can couse sleetrealsneck ard mins lunes ean ave sca doe macinaryBosomng unease eng dewoestrg ‘ute orwnen machines ar ued merece tough ewetence crack at aieg hacker the machine ie wel maintained ac to a {eaine mocina Susan and acersnes WAM me mans spate ie apron prota cong and quent equa fr that 20 machine or spetace tat has donger a or top atoere ok rear ding diane loot dots gsr ose, ang ha tha caus Geleawaicup in mova pate Gana peopia nto arent machines ‘enove any segs 2.0.6 Elevated Work Areas Scafeding Harare Wen seats a0 nt erase utes propery. al azar can occur Solutions (+ Scafld uml be ound igi an suc cary fc welt plas four tines heim nan en wt ating ogc ‘mst be erected on sli otha = Unstable tects, suchas tare, owes, loose bets oreonerete ks Imus rato used suport sca oan = Seafolt mustrotbe erecta, moved, demantes or and excaptunder ‘hoauperison oa compete person, = Seafoit mustte equipped wih quar, mals as tooo 1+ Sead acwssones son as aes Dect, res acre geo laos rat ae damaged or weaken om any cause muse inmost roped or ele = Seatalt paterns mista tay slnkas win esto lank grace = Avcompatanerser uct nspoct ne searing ng st vgn 1 Ponng on sponse sate mist inpectea nya compstent ‘zu nenty onsura atalcarnesoe are Rana at no cnrage rte aogrg nas occured ence ar wo, 1 Syomese ena nsuiope wsain suaponacnscaataing mustb0 otagas Yom most recusna s0uo08 Employee must nant aout ms hazards etuangdagna! races Scat canbe aecosos busin aso and strut Faprotecion = Uso guaciats f anes systems, safety es, covers and restraint systems Te sates weer ere ge floors one Une rt ye parson fal arent yer toy harness) sce Hevea compen pron Veuty inept amc before ve fr any strut! carage eptvtant ogo mi, token or mashg ‘ugartopaiocts and miseeg &donaged sty © Giese, arta ater contaminate at sous caus se Pancor stoners oxopt main aba) at couse possi otc 1 Mate eve wattadoe are tong enough a aly act tw was ra, ‘+ Marketa samaped or cxfacive war fr tapa or rpacemeat ‘soci bem nerdy ‘+ Movertousndscrsteyond be manu arsed cad orbeyons he imanuaeurers ted cacy, (2 Bese ne a ing can spor na apt one usr, nating 5 oid using laden wth mete component areca workin Solmass Sips ips and falzon strays are amar saace fit ad bales a9 ‘+ Stay teods and nalnays must be ee of angers cbjets, brs ‘+ oper condionson siarnaysadwahways mus be cored inact ‘+ Make sr at weads cover to enti top and ning, = Stoiways having fou or more rsersorsing more than 30 inches mist have atleast on hans, 2.1 Plants and Machinery 2.1.4 Construction Regulation for Plants and Machinery Under the conection oguaions; ‘onstruction stage sal ensue that fae and aulabiaaccons ways are provided ‘ec thom (b) wale and pedeatian rules are se organed and contelle intislna, ‘rare apooprist. by the provision ofa Wale and peaestian management pln, 2.1.2 Earth Moving and Excavating Equipment Hoary acupment ears to hea dy ene, spat designed or axsetng Conrnchon ks mest eave ones mcg hurr operaters Tiny wahy ‘Sere wa oqomontsjlama irgamentYacton soucue, power vin eral and ‘nrrater. Heavy acumen urctone tough he mecca aavanaga ota saC ‘nace, heave Seween pul ee ape ad ace eure ie uses. Same ‘cevomencoves hyraac eve a a pranaryeouceo maon. 2.1.2.1 Typas and Examples of Eartn Moving and Excavating Equipment onder ‘type of heavy equipment machine used in construction to move aside or load ‘materials sch as asphalt, demalivon debi, dirt. stow. fed, gravel oes raw rrinras, recycled mates, otk, sand, woodchips, ete Into or onto another type ‘ot machinery mechan cal excavator that draws toward itself a bucket attached to hinged boom. [type of heavy construction equipment for removing sol rom the ground. Pimp soma 2.4.2.2 Trucks and Hauling Equipment Dump Tce ‘cmp truck sa truck used for transporting oose material for construction 10 Telescopic Handler ‘A telescopic handlor has 2 silar appearance and function toa fork but is ‘more a crane than forklift, withcreased versa of @ single elescapic boom ‘hat can extent forwards and upwards from the vahide 2.1.2.8 Lifing and Vertical Transportation Equioment Telescoping Boom Truck Mounted Mobile rane ‘Acable-contrlled cane mounted on crawlers of rubber-tred carers or 8 yea powered crane wt telescoping boom mounted on tuck-ype camirs or as slpropates models, Tower Crane ‘Atypo of machino, that can be used bot ot and lower materials and to ‘move them horizontal & manly used for Ifing heme tings ane transporting tem ctor pia: 2.1.2.4 Concrete Plant and Equipment ‘To transport mised concrete rom amiaing plant to the se " ‘Aconerete mor 's a device tat homogeneously combines cement. opgregate such as sand or gavel, and water to form concrete 2.1.2.5 Plle Driving Equipment yea Pile Driving Rig ‘pile ctivor& 2 moctanical device used to dive ples Int sal io provide ‘undation support for buleings or ether structures, 2.4.26 Other Equipments ‘Tandem Vibratory Roller “Tandem vbilory rollers compact feshiy placed asphali mas io spect densities Uusieg Wo, smoom tes! drums that vlrate to eansoidate he mater Vibratory Pate Compators Vibratory plats compactors aro ongine- powered, wall-bhind machines that impart powerul vbrstory compaction efor te loose materals and asphat via Dotor-meunted stool plas that might vary in area trom 1.5% Ssquare fet 12 PRELIMINARY WORKS Dana Kan Jia Torng 0323648 3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS 3.0.1 Introduction Protminary works ina constuction means al actvilss and proparaton that ha o be canted out before te main constuction work commences in ardor fort {ogo smoatiy 3. Next the topsol at 306 is removed because it contains 3.1 Site Clearance ‘seesying organic mater ard ot, Site clearance is he compulsory procedure to remove any obstucing a spar of tho coll unetablose ‘elements such as vegetation found onsite to prepare for excavation or Pied nite lanes ‘structure bulding. It nvalvos: foundation and structure buling “cemoiiton and removal of existing bulings and stuctures; -grubbing ou of bushes and woos removal of opsoilto reduce levels STEPS: 4.Lasty, excavate he desrod pin and iranspor the topsolto ‘note space ait can be reused ter 1. irvegetaton is removed. A bulldozers used 10 uproot he trees 2. Then, the buldezer is used to fomove th cbared vegetation trom these, The uprooted turks and loose rocks are pushed toward a ‘olecton point Tale andheaver ‘ranks that cannat be pushed bythe bulldozer are towed away by another machinery, Excavator removing topsoil on site 4 3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS. 3.2 Site Investigation The ste investigation san essential preliminary measur ofthe design and constuction of proc as the superstructure depends onthe subsiructre “Through site invesigaton, key elemeris suchas the sol condion, surounding buidings and accessibilty can be defied and bis wil allow adequale arnount nd ype of esources and cost of consinucton tobe decided 3.24 Soll Investigation As the statity andintegrty of a bulding depends onthe sai's strength uncer losing fan pressure of he butding, ground! so Investigation Is wiato be cared aut tore any onetruction works done on Unknown ground, “The purpose of sol ivestigaion iso: ‘© deteminethe sulabily of the si for te proposed project (determine the sltable and economic foundation design {Selene the occurrence and cause of changes n subsol conditions ‘The objpatves are caieg out to test he chemical and genera characterises of the sol by collecting sol samples tom propct st. ‘Thove are obtained tough a) Tal pts; orb) Exploratory borcholes, Differences between trial pit and borehole 19) Tia pits: done through collection of samples from excavated pits for vu inspection by digging manually or through machines: This is dane so that ‘samples can be collected wthout Interfering th eonsenction progress 1+ useforcolecing sample fom * Use 1 exact sama by shallow ground condtions sting through dense rock formations at adopt boyand ‘+ Subsol canbe visually ra its inapected insite |+ cheaper and simpler metnos than ial its 8 3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS. 3.3 Setting Out Sefting out the balding outing is usualy caied aut once the site has ben cleared of any lets and any racuced lvel excavation works frished. Boundaries are marked and Ine on ston fforentiato land batwoon diferent occupants. Te postion ofthe ine must be clearly marked onsite so tha can be ot yp atany tne ‘and to ensure the corecposioring of varius elements af te building pat PROCESS 1. First a base In from which the whole 3. After completing and checking the seting out ofthe main bling Ines, ‘ofthe buicing can be set ut to be profile boards ate et yp to determine the comers ofthe buildings. These are ‘etalished a thie wl usualy be s0Lup dar ofthe foundation onch positon wo loca the tanh, provided on a seting-ou rang forthe ‘undations and wal. ‘ounsations, 2. Aer te baseline has been sel out, each comer should be marked wit 2 ‘corner og. A check should row be made a the sering out Ines fr rghe-ongles| ‘and cortct engi. ‘Sang out and checking methods Sting ot ting tine cso 3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS 3.3.4 Site Layout! Site Boundary Retention pond | ste securty and entrance : ™~ N\ ‘Ste OFicelwotkers quarers ‘Ste Boundary ‘&Tomporary Feneing Site 1 (Single Bungalow Construction) Construction area Site 2 (Residential Terrace House Development) Sie Oficarworkar's cuarters 17 3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS 3.4 Earthwork and Excavations artwork isa process which inaives removing moving and adding large quartites of si, rocks ftom an existng land to rather rea. This s done to achieve a stilabe level ot height fora constucton purpose: The speci ipe of eathwrrk done is determined by he conditon of the sieand soll and lb repare thesile for ‘ter consruction works such as making roaaways, works on bridges ond undertunnels ‘Types of Excavation ‘Topsoil excavation the removal of tp call 2¢@ Building Reguation Requirement Depth varies fam sitet st but usualy ina 150 to 00m" ‘ango. Top sol contain fora andauna life and dacaying mater which makes ‘he soll compressible and unsutabie to support the buiing siete © Recuee evel Grading surfaces Cut and Fil metros Existing dopes are moaswed ana leveled. Ths isa common ane most Used method as it can help save on the labour work of ianiing anc also {ime conewmed on anspor. The ‘quantity ofsal tathas been romoved wil aqua tothe quantty be fas Phils of the concn ofthe slopes on ste Sloping site “On our ste we vsted, the ground wes also uneven and ata siope. To ‘ensure the bulding skucture is bullon @desied levelled ground, was Necessary for he ate for he ResdemalTerace houses to underge the cut and fl process. Procose of excavator removing and Mig cit 18 3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS. ‘Tranch Excavations: arrow excavations primal for ety foundations and buried services, Figures below shows dota ofthe excavation. Trench Excavation found on sts Excavation work canied ou by machine. OBJECTIVE ‘The sides and op of the excavations needs tobe state and be able to support to: + protect he workers while ‘working hr the excavatton = keep the excavation open by ‘acting 38a retaining wal 10 the Sides ofthe tench prevent any hazard fling into the excavation Before 2 foundation can be lad, itis necessary to excavate a rench of required depth and width. isa ‘ype of temporery earthwork support and ne type and amount needed depends on the ype of sol, depth ‘and alu of subsol, depth of excavation, weather condiion and duration. The centre rod moves up nd down the excavation enecking depth; he two side 043 are ploosd in the ‘groundinent to the excavation. 19 3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS 3.5 Site Proparation TEMPORARY INFRASTRUCTURES Tomporaryinfrasrucures orecad a tho ito before constuction works commence, These sare preparations done 1o ensure te safety of the pub constuction workers ano ensure 1 not damage. MATERIAL STORAGE ‘Open storage area fr matoriats that are heavy and buky and more weather resistant Less ‘durabio and more expensive materials are kopt in the storage cabin, The method of stacking and bunting upis used aso o lessen damage anc to ready for easy use iti nally tacked and dows HOARDING/ FENCING =a Temporary fencing erected around porimetar of construction site to prevent unauthorised access and to shold fe constuction si from public wow to cause ls dstrbance INFORMATION SITE BOARD Proper signage set outs the hoarding ‘an int |880g¢ ro the Inform he pb construdion ste. cha SCAFFOLDING Temporary sructure made of wooden plans ana mesa used for ease of cosss upworos mebuising WASTAGE DISPOSAL ‘large container Is pled outsce the construction site b cals waste and constriction debs prosticed onsite 1 be iter isposedofl. This is also b ensure the ‘eanness of he sits mainzanes 20 3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS TEMPORARY TOILET TEMPORARY SERVICES Ste tole for eonaceors ana worker's use, Awsatic purposes ae not the focus as they are ony temoorary. Temporary water supply '¢ also provided fr Juntonal and hygenic purposes. SITE OFFICE Siw offeo to accomodate sto managers ta hol! mestings and to stro ‘constructin site documentations. The wotking space has io be fay accessible and practical and has necoessery working furnishings. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY WORKER'S QUARTERS Fr constant and ready supply of electcal energy to poner many construction rmacineres operations to ‘enhance werk efficionay land recuce workload Temporary shee for construction workers o rest and siay on ee during construction pose asic needs provided fr the workers incude bedroom ichen, storage fails and tit ‘These sheers need i full crisis such as being weatherproot,fre-proo, located ata safe istanco any tro construction work and good vention and insulaton purposes. 21 FOUNDATION Darren Tan Yong Tee 0323398 4.0 FOUNDATION INTRODUCTION “The foundation makes up the substrckire of abutting,

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