PLANTS

CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION

1)Plants are AUTOTROPHS. Explain why. How is the
cell of an animal plant? Draw it and write the parts
describing the main characteristics
As autotrophs, plants manufacture food molecules from
simple, inorganic sources by the process of
photosynthesis using light as a source of energy.Plants
all contain the light-absorbing pigment chlorophyll
(or similar molecules which perform the same function)
inside cells which have a definite cellulose cell wall

2)How is the Plant Kingdom divided? Explain the main

characteristics about them.
3) Seed plants are well adapted to live and to produce
in dry environments. What major adaptations allows
reproduction on dry land ?
The seed plants have proper roots, stems,leaves,
vascular tissues and waterproof coverings,and their
gametes can be transferred without a film of moisture.
As a result the seed plants are able to live and
reproduce in dry environments.

4)Search different types of plants

5)Why do plants need food?What substances do they
need? Draw an example.
 Plants, like animals, require raw material for building
tissues and as a source of energy. Plants are
autotrophic, they take simple substances from their
environment and use light energy to build them up into
complex food compounds. 
PLANT NUTRITION 
6)Define photosynthesis. What equation is necessary
to simplified the definition?
Plants make their own food by the process of
photosynthesis, their manufacture carbohydrates from
raw materials using energy from light. The light energy
trapped by chlorophyll, is used to convert carbon
dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
water+carbon dioxide+  sunlight  = glucose+oxygen
                                    chlorophyll
7)Is there any chance to measure photosynthesis? If
there is an accurate method for measuring explain it.
Yes, there exist differents chances to measure
photosynthesis. Tlhe accurate method is to used an
Apparatus that can be measure the volume of oxygen
released in a certain period of time. With this technique
we can investigate the effect of light intensity on the
rate of photosynthesis. 

LEAF STRUCTURE AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS

8) What do leaf needs in order to photosynthesise?
A leaf needs:
-A method for exchange of gases between the leaf and
its and its surroundings.
-A way of delivering water to the leaf.
-A system for the removal of glucose so that it can be
transported to other parts of the plant.
-An efficient means of absorbing light energy.
9) Parts of leaf: Describe the main
functions/characteristics briefly
  Waxy cuticle
Reduces water loss, it is thicker on the upper surface
 Upper epidermis
A complete covering which is usually one cell thick, it is
transparent to allow the free passage of light. 
 Palisade mesophyll
Tall thin cells arranged in columns and separated by
very narrow air spaces, cells contain many chloroplast
and these cells allows the absorption of the maximum
amount of light energy
 Vein
The transport system in and out of the leaf. The xylem
vessels deliver water and mineral salts and the phloem
carry away the organic products of photosynthesis. 
 Spongy mesophyll
These cells rather loosely packed and are covered with
a thin layer of water, the air spaces between them aid
the diffusion of gases through the leaf.
THE CONTROL OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
10) Which are the requirements for photosynthesis?
The requirements for photosynthesis are:
-The availability of light
-The presence of pigment to absorb the light 
-A supply of carbon dioxide and water
-A temperature suitable for enzyme activity
11) Which minerals do farmers add to the soil in form
of fertilisers?
Farmers add nitrate and phosphate fall back in the
form of fertilizers.