MATH

dictio
nary
Grade 10 polynomials
& circles
 Indeterminates – is a symbol that is
treated as a variable, that does not stand for anything
except itself and is often used as a placeholder in

Polynomial
objects such as polynomial and formal power series.

Integer exponentiation – is a
bn , involving two
mathematical operation, written as
numbers, the base b and the exponent or power of n,
and pronounce as “b raised to the power of n”.

-An expression consisting of variables ( also called

indeterminates) and coefficients, that involves only the
operation of addition , substraction , multiplication , and non-
negative integer exponentiation of variables. An example of a
polynomial of a single indeterminate x isx2 - 4x + 7 . An
example in three variables is x3 + 2xyz2 – yz + 1 .

Etymology
-The word polynomial joins two diverse roots: The Greek poly ,
meaning “many”, and the latin nomen , or name. It was
derived from the term binomial by replacing the latin root bi-
with the Greek poly- . The word polynomial was first used in
the 17th century.

Types of polynomial
  Monomial- The polynomial with only one term is
called monomial. Number or a product of a number and
a variable. Example: -2x , 5y2, are monomials
 Binomial- The polynomial with two-terms is called
binomial . Two monomonials are connected by + or -.
Example : 25x3+ 2, 8x + 6, are binomial.
 Trinomial- The polynomial with three-terms are called
trinomial. Three monomials are connected by + or -.
4 5 7
Example : 2x2 + 5x + 6, 2 x3 + 3 x2 + 3 are
trinomials.
 Constant Polynomial- The polynomial containing
only the constant term is a contant polynomial.
Example : 45, -78 are constant polynomial.
 Polynomial- If the expression contains more than
three terms, then th expressionis called polynomial.
More than three monomials is connected by + or -.
Example : 17y3 + 54y2 + 8y + 36 is a polynomial.

Polynomial Functions
- are mathematical models used to represent more complicated
situations in physics, economics, meteorology , ecology ,
biology , and others.
- is a function which only involves only non-negative integer
powers or only positive integer exponents of a variable in an
equation like the quadratic equation, cubic equation, etc. For
example , 2x+5 is a polynomial which has exponent equal to
1.

Instruction
1. It is an algebraic expression consisting of one or more
summed terms…
 Each term consisting of a constant multiplier and one or
more variables raised to integral powers.
 For example , X2 – 5x + 6 and 2p3q + y are
polynomials .
 It is also called multinomial .
2. It is an expression of two or more terms.

P (x) = anxn + an - 1 xn – 1 + an – 2 x n – 2 + ...

+ a1x 1 + a0

Wherein :
  anis the leading coefficient
 anxnis the leading term
 a0is called the constant term of polynomial

Example 1: Let us consider polynomial function f(x)

= 5x3 -4x2 + 7x – 8. Find for the Leading Term , Leading
coefficient , Degree of a polynomial and the Constant term.

 The Leading term is 5x3

 The Leading coefficient is 5
 The Degree of a polynomial is the degree of the leading
tem , Therefore , the degree is 3
 The constant term of a polynomial is the term of degree 0;
it is the term in which the variable doesnot appear.
Therefore , the constant term is – 8

Example 2: Use the given polynomial to get the

standard form of the equation , Leading Term , Leading
Coefficient , Degree of a Polynomial , and the Constant Term
. y = 4x2 – 3x4 + 5 .

To get started standard form you will just arrange the

given according to the exponent . The exponent must be
arranged in decreasing order .
y = 4x2 - 3x4 + 5
y = -3x4
 The standard form is y = -3x4 + 4x2 + 5
 The leadingy= 4x4 2
-3xis4 +-3x
term
 The leading coefficient
4 2is -3
y= -3x + 4x + 5
 The degree of a polynomial is the degree of
the leading term . Therefore , the degree is 4
 The constant term of a polynomial is the term
of degree 0 ; it is the term in which the
variable does appear . Therfore , the onstant
term is 5

Example 3: Use the given polynomial to get the

Standard Form of the equation, Leading Term, Degree of a
Polynomial and the Constant Term. y =x (2x + 2).

To get started standard form you will just distribute x to the

given inside the parenthesis .
y = x(2x + 2)
  The Standard Form is y = -3x4 + 4x2 + 5
 The Leading Term is -3x4
 The Degree of a polynomial is the degree of the
leading term . Therefore , the degree is 4
 The Constant term of a polynomial is the term of
degree 0 ;it is term in which the variable does not
appear . The constant term is 5

Graphs of Polynomial
Function
To graph the polynomial functions first you must do
the the following:
Step 1 : Find for the x and y intercept .
 Solve for x and y intercepts
Solving for the x-and-y intercepts is an important
step in graphing a polynomial function . These
intercepts are used to determine the points where the
graph intersects or touches the x-axis and the y-axis .
 To find the x-intercept of a polynomial function:
a.) Factor the polynomial completely
b.) Let y be equal to zero .
c.) Equate each factor to zero and for x